@node Simultaneous notes
@section Simultaneous notes
-@lilypondfile[quote]{simultaneous-headword.ly}
+@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=16\cm]{simultaneous-headword.ly}
Polyphony in music refers to having more than one voice occurring
in a piece of music. Polyphony in LilyPond refers to having more
and ornamentation.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<a c\prall e>1 <a-> c-^ e>2 <f-. a c-. e-.>4 <a-+ c-->8. <g\fermata c e\turn>16
+<a c\prall e>1 <a-> c-^ e>2 <f-. a c-. e-.>4
+<a-+ c-->8. <g\fermata c e\turn>16
@end lilypond
However some notation, such as dynamics, hairpins and slurs must be
they will not print.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<a\f c( e>1 <a c) e>\f <a\< c e>( <a\! c e>) <a c e>\< <a c e> <a c e>\!
+<a\f c( e>1 <a c) e>\f <a\< c e>( <a\! c e>)
+<a c e>\< <a c e> <a c e>\!
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex chords, empty
+@cindex placeholder events
+
+A chord acts merely as a container for its notes, its articulations and
+other attached elements. Consequently, a chord without notes inside
+does not actually have a duration. Any attached articulations will
+happen at the same musical time as the next following note or chord and
+be combined with them (for more complex possibilities of combining such
+elements, see @ref{Simultaneous expressions}):
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\grace { g8[( a b] }
+<> ) \p \< -. -\markup \italic "sempre staccato"
+\repeat unfold 4 { c4 e } c1\f
@end lilypond
@cindex relative pitch, chords
@end lilypond
This can be useful if the simultaneous sections have identical
-rhythms, but attempts to attach notes with different durations
-to the same stem will cause errors.
+rhythms, but attempts to attach notes with different durations to
+the same stem will cause errors. Notes, articulations, and property
+changes in a @emph{single} @samp{Voice} are collected and engraved in
+musical order:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+<a c>4-. <>-. << c a >> << { c-. <c a> } { a s-. } >>
+@end lilypond
+
+Multiple stems or beams or different note durations or properties at
+the same musical time require the use of multiple voices.
The following example shows how simultaneous expressions can
generate multiple staves implicitly:
<< { a4 b g2 } { d4 g2 c,4 } >>
@end lilypond
-Here different rhythms cause no problems.
+Here different rhythms cause no problems because they are
+interpreted in different voices.
@cindex collisions, clashing note columns
@cindex collisions, ignoring