@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{changing-the-number-of-augmentation-dots-per-note.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{breve},
@rinternals{Dots},
@rinternals{DotColumn}.
-
@knownissues
-
@c Deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of
longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited:
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{permitting-line-breaks-within-beamed-tuplets.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{triplet},
@rinternals{TupletNumber},
@rinternals{TimeScaledMusic}.
-
@cindex grace notes within tuplet brackets
@knownissues
One application of this command is in polymetric
notation, see @ref{Polymetric notation}.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Tuplets},
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{rest-styles.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{breve},
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Rest}.
-
@knownissues
-
@c Deliberately duplicated in Durations and Rests. -gp
There is no fundamental limit to rest durations (both in terms of
longest and shortest), but the number of glyphs is limited: there
\skip 1 \skip1 \skip 1
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{Visibility and color of objects}.
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{multi-measure-rest-markup.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{multi-measure rest}.
@rinternals{MultiMeasureRestNumber},
@rinternals{MultiMeasureRestText}.
-
@cindex fingerings and multi-measure rests
@cindex multi-measure rests and fingerings
Multi-measure rests do not take part in rest collisions.
+
@node Displaying rhythms
@subsection Displaying rhythms
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{time-signature-printing-only-the-numerator-as-a-number-instead-of-the-fraction.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{time signature}
@rinternals{TimeSignature},
@rinternals{Timing_translator}.
+
@node Metronome marks
@unnumberedsubsubsec Metronome marks
For more details, see @ref{Formatting text}.
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{metronome},
@cindex upbeat
@cindex partial measure
@cindex measure, partial
+@cindex measure, pickup
@cindex pickup measure
-@cindex measure, change length
@funindex measurePosition
@funindex \partial
@funindex partial
-Partial or pick-up measures, such as an anacrusis or upbeat, are
-entered using the @code{\partial} command, with the syntax
+Partial or pick-up measures, such as an @emph{anacrusis} or an
+@emph{upbeat}, are entered using the @code{\partial} command,
@example
\partial @var{duration}
@end example
@noindent
-where @code{@var{duration}} is the rhythmic length of the
-remaining interval of the current measure before the start of the
-next.
+where @code{@var{duration}} is the @emph{remaining} length of the
+partial measure @emph{before} the start of the next full measure.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\partial 4 e4 |
-a2. c,4 |
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
+\time 3/4
+\partial 8
+e8 | a4 c8 b c4 |
@end lilypond
-The partial measure can be any duration less than the full measure:
+The @var{duration} can be any value less than a full measure:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\partial 8*3 c8 d e |
-a2. c,4 |
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
+\time 3/4
+\partial 4.
+r4 e8 | a4 c8 b c4 |
@end lilypond
-Internally, @code{\partial @var{duration}} is translated into:
+The @code{\partial @var{duration}} can also be written as;
@example
\set Timing.measurePosition -@var{duration}
@end example
-For example, @code{\partial 8*3} becomes:
+So @code{\partial 8} becomes:
-@example
-\set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment -3 8)
-@end example
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
+\time 3/4
+\set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment -1 8)
+e8 | a4 c8 b c4 |
+@end lilypond
The property @code{measurePosition} contains a rational number
indicating how much of the measure has passed at this point. Note
that this is set to a negative number by the @code{\partial} command:
-i.e., @code{\partial 4} is internally translated to @w{@code{-4}}, meaning
-@qq{there is a quarter note left in the measure.}
+i.e., @code{\partial 4} is internally translated to @w{@code{-4}},
+meaning @qq{there is a quarter note left in the measure.}
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rinternals{Timing_translator}.
@knownissues
+The @code{\partial} command should be used only at the beginning of a
+piece. If you use it after the beginning, warnings or problems may
+occur, so use @code{\set Timing.measurePosition} instead.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
+\time 6/8
+\partial 8
+e8 | a4 c8 b[ c b] |
+\set Timing.measurePosition = #(ly:make-moment -1 4)
+r8 e,8 | a4 c8 b[ c b] |
+@end lilypond
-The @code{\partial} command is intended to be used only at the
-beginning of a piece. If you use it after the beginning, some
-odd warnings or effects may occur, in this case use
-@code{\set Timing.measurePosition} instead.
@node Unmetered music
@unnumberedsubsubsec Unmetered music
@code{\cadenzaOff}.
@endpredefined
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{cadenza}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
-
@cindex cadenza line breaks
@cindex cadenza page breaks
@cindex unmetered music, line breaks
@cindex page breaks in unmetered music
@knownissues
-
LilyPond will insert line breaks and page breaks only at a
bar line. Unless the unmetered music ends before the end of the
staff line, you will need to insert invisible bar lines with
@rinternals{Default_bar_line_engraver},
@rinternals{Staff}.
-
@knownissues
When using different time signatures in parallel, notes at the same
moment will be placed at the same horizontal location. However, the bar
regular in each of the individual staves than would be normal without
the different time signatures.
+
@node Automatic note splitting
@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic note splitting
the measures are not entirely filled, then the ties show exactly how
much each measure is off.
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{tie}
@rinternals{Completion_rest_engraver},
@rinternals{Forbid_line_break_engraver}.
-
@knownissues
-
Not all durations (especially those containing tuplets) can be
represented exactly with normal notes and dots, but the
@code{Completion_heads_engraver} will not insert tuplets.
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{guitar-strum-rhythms.ly}
-
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
@warning{If beams are used to indicate melismata in songs, then
automatic beaming should be switched off with @code{\autoBeamOff}
-and the beams indicated manually.}
-
-@warning{Using @code{@bs{}partcombine} with @code{@bs{}autoBeamOff} can
-produce unintended results. See the snippet below for more information.}
+and the beams indicated manually. Using @code{@bs{}partcombine} with
+@code{@bs{}autoBeamOff} can produce unintended results. See the
+snippets for more information.}
Beaming patterns that differ from the automatic defaults can be
created; see @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}.
@rinternals{beam-interface},
@rinternals{unbreakable-spanner-interface}.
+@knownissues
+The properties of a beam are determined at the @emph{start} of its
+construction and any additional beam-property changes that occur before
+the beam has been completed will not take effect until the @emph{next},
+new beam starts.
+
+
@node Setting automatic beam behavior
@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting automatic beam behavior
\repeat unfold 8 {c8}
@end lilypond
-In a similar fashion, eighth notes in 3/4 time are beamed as a full
-measure by default. To beam eighth notes in 3/4 time on the beat,
-reset @code{beamExceptions}.
+In traditional engraving, eighth notes can have special beaming rules.
+A measure consisting of only eighth notes can be beamed in one. This rule is
+controlled by the context property @code{beamWholeMeasure}:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\time 3/4
-% by default we beam in (3) due to beamExceptions
-\repeat unfold 6 {a8} |
-% This will beam (1 1 1) due to beatLength
-\set Timing.beamExceptions = #'()
-\repeat unfold 6 {a8}
+% By default we beam in one
+\repeat unfold 6 { a8 }
+% We can avoid beaming in one
+\set Timing.beamWholeMeasure = ##f
+\repeat unfold 6 { a8 }
+@end lilypond
+
+In some engraving from the Romantic and Classical periods,
+a half-measure of eighth notes can be beamed
+together even though this violates the general rule (see Gould, p. 153).
+This behavior is controlled by the context property @code{beamHalfMeasure}:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\time 3/4
+% By default we avoid half-measure beams
+r4. a8 a a |
+% We can allow half-measure beams
+\set Timing.beamHalfMeasure = ##t
+r4. a8 a a |
@end lilypond
@i{@strong{How automatic beaming works}}
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{subdividing-beams.ly}
+@cindex beamlets, orienting
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{strict-beat-beaming.ly}
+
@cindex measure groupings
@cindex beats, grouping
@cindex grouping beats
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{beam-endings-in-score-context.ly}
-
@seealso
Installed Files:
@file{scm/beam-settings.scm}.
@rinternals{BeamForbidEvent},
@rinternals{beam-interface}.
-
@knownissues
If a score ends while an automatic beam has not been ended and is
still accepting notes, this last beam will not be typeset at all.
>>
@end lilypond
+
@node Manual beams
@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual beams
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
{flat-flags-and-beam-nibs.ly}
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Direction and placement},
The spacing in the printed output represents the
note durations only approximately, but the MIDI output is exact.
-
@predefined
@code{\featherDurations}.
@endpredefined
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
-
@knownissues
-
The @code{\featherDurations} command only works with very short
music snippets, and when numbers in the fraction are small.
@node Bars
@subsection Bars
-
@menu
* Bar lines::
* Bar numbers::
@code{"|"}. This may be changed at any time with
@samp{\set Timing.defaultBarType = @var{bartype}}.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Line breaking},
will print a warning if the @code{currentBarNumber} is not 123
when it is processed.
-
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
@ref{Formatting text}. For more precise control, see
@code{break-alignable-interface} in @ref{Aligning objects}.
+The file @file{scm/translation-functions.scm} contains
+the definitions of @code{format-mark-numbers} and
+@code{format-mark-letters}. They can be used as inspiration for
+other formatting functions.
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Aligning objects}.
Installed Files:
-@file{scm/translation-functions.scm} contains
-the definitions of @code{format-mark-numbers} and
-@code{format-mark-letters}. They can be used as inspiration for
-other formatting functions.
+@file{scm/translation-functions.scm}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Rhythms}.
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{positioning-grace-notes-with-floating-space.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{grace notes},
@rglos{appoggiatura}.
Notation Reference:
+@ref{Scaling durations},
@ref{Manual beams}.
Installed Files:
@knownissues
-
@cindex acciaccatura, multi-note
@cindex multi-note acciaccatura
@cindex grace-note synchronization
>>
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{cadenza}.
@code{ly:make-moment 7 16} is the duration of seven sixteenths
notes.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Bar numbers},
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Timing_translator},
@rinternals{Score}.
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff