Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
+ version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
+ Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
@c \version "2.12.0"
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
{
- { c'4 c' c' c'}
- { d'4 d' d' d'}
+ { c'4 c' c' c' }
+ { d'4 d' d' d' }
}
@end lilypond
toplevel scores, and combined as a single @code{\book}.
This behavior can be changed by setting the variable
@code{toplevel-score-handler} at toplevel. The default handler is
-defined in the init file @file{../scm/@/lily@/.scm}.
+defined in the init file @file{../@/scm/@/lily@/.scm}.
@item
A @code{\book} block logically combines multiple movements
or @code{\markup} in the same example. This behavior can be
changed by setting the variable @code{toplevel-book-handler} at
toplevel. The default handler is defined in the init file
-@file{../scm/@/lily@/.scm}.
+@file{../@/scm/@/lily@/.scm}.
@item
A @code{\bookpart} block. A book may be divided into several parts,
This behavior can be changed by setting the variable
@code{toplevel-music-handler} at toplevel. The default handler is
-defined in the init file @file{../scm/@/lily@/.scm}.
+defined in the init file @file{../@/scm/@/lily@/.scm}.
@item
A markup text, a verse for example
@end itemize
+
@seealso
Learning Manual:
@rlearning{How LilyPond input files work}.
A more advanced option is to change the definitions of the following
variables in the @code{\paper} block. The init file
-@file{../ly/titling-init.ly} lists the default layout.
+@file{../@/ly/@/titling@/-init@/.ly} lists the default layout.
@table @code
@funindex bookTitleMarkup
{
c'1
\pageBreak \mark A \label #'markA
- c'
+ c'1
}
}
\tocItem \markup "First score"
\score {
{
- c' % ...
+ c'4 % ...
\tocItem \markup "Some particular point in the first score"
- d' % ...
+ d'4 % ...
}
}
\tocItem \markup "Second score"
\score {
{
- e' % ...
+ e'4 % ...
}
}
@end verbatim
@seealso
-Init files: @file{../ly/@/toc@/-init@/.ly}.
+Init files: @file{../@/ly/@/toc@/-init@/.ly}.
@predefined
@code{\include} statements are not interpreted until they have
been brought into the main file, so the file names they specify
must all be relative to the directory containing the main file,
-not the directory containing the included file. However,
+not the directory containing the included file. However,
this behavior can be changed by passing the option
@code{-drelative-includes} option at the command line
(or by adding @code{#(ly:set-option 'relative-includes #t)}
-at the top of the main input file). With @code{relative-includes}
+at the top of the main input file). With @code{relative-includes}
set, the path for each @code{\include} command will be taken
-relative to the file containing that command. This behavior is
+relative to the file containing that command. This behavior is
recommended and it will become the default behavior in a future
version of lilypond.
Here is an example:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-sopranoMusic = \relative c'' { a4 b c b8( a)}
+sopranoMusic = \relative c'' { a4 b c b8( a) }
altoMusic = \relative g' { e4 e e f }
tenorMusic = \relative c' { c4 b e d8( c) }
bassMusic = \relative c' { a4 gis a d, }
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
music = \relative g' {
g8. c32 d
- \tag #'trills {d8.\trill }
- \tag #'expand {\repeat unfold 3 {e32 d} }
+ \tag #'trills { d8.\trill }
+ \tag #'expand { \repeat unfold 3 { e32 d } }
c32 d
}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
music = \relative g' {
g8. c32 d
- \tag #'trills {d8.\trill }
- \tag #'expand {\repeat unfold 3 {e32 d} }
+ \tag #'trills { d8.\trill }
+ \tag #'expand {\repeat unfold 3 { e32 d } }
c32 d
}
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
music = \relative c'' {
- \tag #'a \tag #'both { a a a a }
- \tag #'b \tag #'both { b b b b }
+ \tag #'a \tag #'both { a4 a a a }
+ \tag #'b \tag #'both { b4 b b b }
}
<<
\keepWithTag #'a \music
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
music = \relative c'' {
-\tag #'A { a a a a }
-\tag #'B { b b b b }
-\tag #'C { c c c c }
-\tag #'D { d d d d }
+\tag #'A { a4 a a a }
+\tag #'B { b4 b b b }
+\tag #'C { c4 c c c }
+\tag #'D { d4 d d d }
}
{
\removeWithTag #'B
à vo -- cê uma can -- ção legal
}
-\relative {
+\relative c' {
c2 d e f g f e
}
\addlyrics { \bulgarian }
c1 \mark \markup { \char ##x03EE }
c1_\markup { \tiny { \char ##x03B1 " to " \char ##x03C9 } }
}
- \addlyrics { O \markup { \concat{ Ph \char ##x0153 be! } } }
+ \addlyrics { O \markup { \concat { Ph \char ##x0153 be! } } }
}
-\markup { "Copyright 2008--2009" \char ##x00A9 }
+\markup { "Copyright 2008--2010" \char ##x00A9 }
@end lilypond
@cindex copyright sign
@funindex \displayLilyMusic
Displaying a music expression in LilyPond notation can be
-done using the music function @code{\displayLilyMusic}. For example,
+done with the music function @code{\displayLilyMusic} but only when
+using the command line. For example,
@example
@{
- \displayLilyMusic \transpose c a, @{ c e g a bes @}
+ \displayLilyMusic \transpose c a, @{ c4 e g a bes @}
@}
@end example
will display
@example
-@{ a, cis e fis g @}
+@{ a,4 cis e fis g @}
@end example
-By default, LilyPond will print these messages to the console along
-with all the other messages. To split up these messages and save
-the results of @code{\display@{STUFF@}}, redirect the output to
-a file.
-
-@c TODO What happens under Windows?
+By default, LilyPond will print these messages to the console
+along with all the other LilyPond compilation messages. To split
+up these messages and save the results of @code{\display@{STUFF@}},
+redirect the output to a file.
@example
lilypond file.ly >display.txt
@menu
* Extracting fragments of music::
* Skipping corrected music::
+* Alternative output formats::
+* Replacing the notation font::
@end menu
@node Extracting fragments of music
\relative c'' {
c8 d
\set Score.skipTypesetting = ##t
- e e e e e e e e
+ e8 e e e e e e e
\set Score.skipTypesetting = ##f
- c d b bes a g c2 }
+ c8 d b bes a g c2
+}
@end lilypond
In polyphonic music, @code{Score.skipTypesetting} will affect all
voices and staves, saving even more time.
+@node Alternative output formats
+@subsection Alternative output formats
+
+@cindex scalable vector graphics output
+@cindex SVG output
+@cindex encapsulated postscript output
+@cindex EPS output
+
+The default output formats for the printed score are Portable
+Document Format (PDF) and PostScript (PS). Scalable Vector
+Graphics (SVG), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) and Portable
+Network Graphics (PNG) output formats are also available through
+command line options, see @rprogram{Command line options for
+lilypond}.
+
+
+@node Replacing the notation font
+@subsection Replacing the notation font
+
+Gonville is an alternative to the Feta font used in LilyPond and can
+be downloaded from:
+@example
+@uref{http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/gonville/ ,http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/gonville/}
+@end example
+
+Here are a few sample bars of music set in Gonville:
+
+@c NOTE: these images are a bit big, but that's important
+@c for the font comparison. -gp
+@sourceimage{Gonville_after,,,}
+
+Here are a few sample bars of music set in LilyPond's Feta font:
+
+@sourceimage{Gonville_before,,,}
+
+@subsubheading Installation Instructions for MacOS
+
+Download and extract the zip file. Copy the @code{lilyfonts}
+directory to @file{@var{SHARE_DIR}/lilypond/current}; for more
+information, see @rlearning{Other sources of information}.
+Move the existing @code{fonts} directory to @code{fonts_orig} and
+move the @code{lilyfonts} directory to @code{fonts}. Simply move
+@code{fonts_orig} back to @code{fonts} to revert back to Feta.
+
+@seealso
+Learning Manual: @rlearning{Other sources of information}.
+
+@knownissues
+
+Gonville cannot be used to typeset @q{Ancient Music} notation. Please
+refer to the author's website for more information on this and other
+specifics including licensing of Gonville.
@node MIDI output
If there is a @code{\midi} block in a @code{\score} with no
@code{\layout} block, only MIDI output will be produced. When
-notation is needed too, a @code{\layout} block must be also be
+notation is needed too, a @code{\layout} block must also be
present.
@example
are reflected in tempo changes in the MIDI output. This command
will normally result in the metronome mark being printed, but this
can be suppressed, see @ref{Metronome marks}. An alternative way
-of specifying the inital or overall MIDI tempo is described below,
+of specifying the initial or overall MIDI tempo is described below,
see @ref{MIDI block}.
Due to some limitations on Windows, the default extension for
-MIDI files on Windows is @code{.mid}. Other operating systems still
-use the extension @code{.midi}. If a different extension is preferred,
+MIDI files on Windows is @code{.mid}. Other operating systems still
+use the extension @code{.midi}. If a different extension is preferred,
insert the following line at the top-level of the input file,
before the start of any @code{\book}, @code{\bookpart} or @code{\score} blocks:
terminate the (de)crescendo. For example,
@example
-@{ a\< b c d\f @}
+@{ a4\< b c d\f @}
@end example
@noindent
will not work properly but
@example
-@{ a\< b c d\!\f @}
+@{ a4\< b c d\!\f @}
@end example
@noindent
Context definitions follow precisely the same syntax as those
within a @code{\layout} block. Translation modules for sound are
called performers. The contexts for MIDI output are defined in
-@file{../ly/@/performer@/-init@/.ly},
+@file{../@/ly/@/performer@/-init@/.ly},
see @rlearning{Other sources of information}.
For example, to remove the effect of dynamics
from the MIDI output, insert the following lines in the
@itemize
@item Pitches
-@item Microtones (See @ref{Accidentals}. Rendering needs a
+@item Microtones (See @ref{Accidentals}. Rendering needs a
player that supports pitch bend.)
@item Chords entered as chord names
@item Rhythms entered as note durations, including tuplets
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\unfoldRepeats {
- \repeat tremolo 8 {c'32 e' }
+ \repeat tremolo 8 { c'32 e' }
\repeat percent 2 { c''8 d'' }
- \repeat volta 2 {c'4 d' e' f'}
+ \repeat volta 2 { c'4 d' e' f' }
\alternative {
{ g' a' a' g' }
- {f' e' d' c' }
+ { f' e' d' c' }
}
}
\bar "|."
MIDI volume range. The default fractions range from 0.25 for
@notation{ppppp} to 0.95 for @notation{fffff}. The set of dynamic
marks and the associated fractions can be seen in
-@file{../scm/midi.scm}, see @rlearning{Other sources of information}.
+@file{../@/scm/@/midi.scm}, see @rlearning{Other sources of information}.
This set of fractions may be changed or extended by providing a
function which takes a dynamic mark as its argument and returns the
required fraction, and setting
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello"
\set Score.dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction = #myDynamics
\new Voice {
- \relative c'' {
- a\pp b c-\rfz
- }
+ \relative c'' {
+ a4\pp b c-\rfz
+ }
}
}
\layout {}
Alternatively, if the whole table of fractions needs to be
redefined, it would be better to use the
@notation{default-dynamic-absolute-volume} procedure in
-@file{../scm/midi.scm} and the associated table as a model.
+@file{../@/scm/@/midi.scm} and the associated table as a model.
The final example in this section shows how this might be done.
@unnumberedsubsubsec Overall MIDI volume
\time 2/2
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute"
\new Voice \relative c''' {
- r2 g\mp g fis ~
- fis4 g8 fis e2 ~
+ r2 g\mp g fis~
+ fis4 g8 fis e2~
e4 d8 cis d2
}
}
}
}
>>
- \layout { }
+ \layout {}
\midi {
\context {
\Score
\set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = #0.7
\set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = #0.9
\new Voice \relative c''' {
- r2 g\mp g fis ~
- fis4 g8 fis e2 ~
+ r2 g\mp g fis~
+ fis4 g8 fis e2~
e4 d8 cis d2
}
}
}
}
>>
- \layout { }
+ \layout {}
\midi {
\context {
\Score
LilyPond will, by default, apply a small degree of equalization
to a few instruments. The instruments and the equalization
applied are shown in the table @notation{instrument-equalizer-alist}
-in @file{../scm/midi.scm}.
+in @file{../@/scm/@/midi.scm}.
This basic default equalizer can be replaced by setting
@code{instrumentEqualizer} in the @code{Score} context to a new
is done in the same way as shown for resetting the
@code{dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction} at the start of this section.
The default equalizer, @notation{default-instrument-equalizer}, in
-@file{../scm/midi.scm} shows how such a procedure might be written.
+@file{../@/scm/@/midi.scm} shows how such a procedure might be written.
The following example sets the relative flute and clarinet volumes
to the same values as the previous example.
\set Score.instrumentEqualizer = #my-instrument-equalizer
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute"
\new Voice \relative c''' {
- r2 g\mp g fis ~
- fis4 g8 fis e2 ~
+ r2 g\mp g fis~
+ fis4 g8 fis e2~
e4 d8 cis d2
}
}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
\relative c' {
- c cih cis cisih
- d dih ees eeh
- e eih f fih
- fis fisih g gih
- gis gisih a aih
- bes beh b bih
+ c4 cih cis cisih
+ d4 dih ees eeh
+ e4 eih f fih
+ fis4 fisih g gih
+ gis4 gisih a aih
+ bes4 beh b bih
}
\layout {}
\midi {}
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff