Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.13.46"
@node Fretted string instruments
@section Fretted string instruments
especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
-Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef (or
-@code{\transposition c} to get correct MIDI output).
+Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef
+(or @code{\transposition c} to get correct MIDI output).
Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
are covered elsewhere:
@itemize
-@item Fingerings are indicated as shown in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
+@item Fingerings are indicated as shown in
+@ref{Fingering instructions}.
@item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos can be found in
you can add a string number indication to the pitch name. If you
define pitch names and string numbers without a chord construct
(@code{<>}) the string number indications do not appear in traditional
-notation. It is much more comfortable to define the playing position
+notation. It is much more comfortable to define the playing position
by using the value of @code{minimumFret}. The default value for
minimumFret is 0.
@funindex \tabChordRepetition
-Chord constructs can be repeated by the chord repetition symbol @code{q}.
-To use this feature in combination with tablature, @code{\tabChordRepetition}
-is provided. It preserves the string information explicitly given within
-chord constructs so repeated chords get identical tablature representations.
+Chord constructs can be repeated by the chord repetition symbol
+@code{q}. To use this feature in combination with tablature,
+@code{\tabChordRepetition} is provided. It preserves the string
+information explicitly given within chord constructs so repeated chords
+get identical tablature representations.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\tabChordRepetition
@cindex tablature, predefined string tunings
@cindex fretted instruments, predefined string tunings
@cindex predefined string tunings for fretted instruments
+@cindex tablature, violin
+@cindex tablature, viola
+@cindex tablature, cello
+@cindex tablature, bass
+@cindex tablature, double bass
@funindex StringTunings
@code{stringTunings} property.
LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
-guitar, bass guitar and ukulele. LilyPond automatically sets
+guitar, bass guitar, ukulele, violin, viola, cello, and double bass.
+LilyPond automatically sets
the correct transposition for predefined tunings. The following
example is for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than
written.
is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
@code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
@code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
-are found in @code{scm/tablature.scm}.
+are found in @file{ly/string-tuning-init.ly}.
+
+@funindex contextStringTunings
+@funindex \contextStringTunings
+@cindex tablature, custom string tunings
+@cindex custom string tunings
+
+Any desired string tuning can be created. The
+@code{\contextStringTuning} function can be
+used to define a string tuning and set it as the
+@code{stringTunings} for the current context.
+@code{\contextStringTuning} takes two arguments: the
+symbol in which the string tuning, and a chord construct
+that defines the pitches of each string in the tuning.
+The chord construct must be in absolute octave mode,
+see @ref{Absolute octave entry}. The string
+with the highest number (generally the lowest string) must
+come first in the chord. For example, we can
+define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
+of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+
+mynotes = {
+ c'4 e' g' c'' |
+ e''4 g'' b'' c'''
+}
+
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef treble
+ \mynotes
+ }
+ \new TabStaff {
+ \contextStringTuning #'custom-tuning <c' g' d'' a''>
+ \mynotes
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{stringTunings} property is also used by
+@code{FretBoards} to calculate automatic fret diagrams.
+
+@funindex makeStringTuning
+@funindex \makeStringTuning
+
+String tunings are used as part of the hash key
+for predefined fret diagrams
+(see @ref{Predefined fret diagrams}). The @code{\makeStringTuning}
+function is used to create a string tuning without setting the
+@code{stringTunings} property in the current context. The
+arguments to @code{\makeStringTuning} are the symbol to be
+used for the new string tuning and a chord construct used
+to define the tuning.
+The previous example could also be written as follows:
-A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\makeStringTuning #'custom-tuning <c' g' d'' a''>
+
+mynotes = {
+ c'4 e' g' c'' |
+ e''4 g'' b'' c'''
+}
+
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef treble
+ \mynotes
+ }
+ \new TabStaff {
+ \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #custom-tuning
+ \mynotes
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Internally, a string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
(e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
-A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
-of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
-string pitch must be an integer. LilyPond calculates the actual
-pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
-actual pitch for middle C.
-
-LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
-@code{TabStaff} as the number of elements in @code{stringTunings}.
-
-Any desired string tuning can be created. For example, we can
-define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
-of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
+A string pitch in a string tuning list is a LilyPond pitch
+object. Pitch objects are created with the Scheme function
+@code{ly:make-pitch} (see @ref{Scheme functions}).
+If desired, a string tuning can be created as a Scheme
+literal. The example below recreates the examples above,
+but the string tuning is not saved as a separate object:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
mynotes = {
\mynotes
}
\new TabStaff {
- \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(21 14 7 0)
+ \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #`(,(ly:make-pitch 1 5 0)
+ ,(ly:make-pitch 1 1 0)
+ ,(ly:make-pitch 0 4 0)
+ ,(ly:make-pitch 0 0 0))
\mynotes
}
>>
@end lilypond
+LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
+@code{TabStaff} and the number of strings in an automatically
+calculated @code{FretBoard} as the number of elements
+in @code{stringTunings}.
+
@cindex moderntab clef
@cindex clef, moderntab
@cindex clef, tab
The modern tab clef supports tablatures from 4 to 7 strings.
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Absolute octave entry},
+@ref{Predefined fret diagrams},
+@ref{Scheme functions}.
+
Installed Files:
-@file{scm/@/tablature@/.scm}.
+@file{ly/string-tuning-init.ly}
+@file{scm/tablature.scm}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
-information in the markup string. Details about the markup
-interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
+information in the markup string. Details about the
+syntax of the different markup strings used to define
+fret diagrams are found at @ref{Instrument Specific Markup}.
The standard fret diagram markup string indicates the string
number and the fret number for each dot to be placed on the string.
>>
@end lilypond
-The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accomodate
+The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accommodate
different instruments such as banjos and ukuleles with the fret-diagram
markup string.
>>
@end lilypond
-Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override} when using
-the fret-diagram-terse markup.
+Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using
+@code{\override} when using the fret-diagram-terse markup.
@cindex fret-diagram-verbose markup
@cindex capo
>>
@end lilypond
-All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
-when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
+All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using
+@code{\override} when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
@ignore
The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
@funindex fret-diagram-interface
The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
-user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
-Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
+user preference through the properties of the
+@code{fret-diagram-interface}. Details are found at
+@rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
markup, the interface properties belong to @code{Voice.TextScript}.
@snippets
@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Text markup commands}.
+@ref{Instrument Specific Markup}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
@end lilypond
The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
-@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
+@file{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
@code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
-@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
+@file{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
by following the examples found in
-@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
+@file{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
Fret diagrams for the ukulele are contained in the file
-@code{predefined-ukulele-fretboards.ly}.
+@file{predefined-ukulele-fretboards.ly}.
@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
\include "predefined-ukulele-fretboards.ly"
@cindex adding custom fret diagrams
Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
-you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and
-a definition for the diagram. The diagram definition can be either a
+you must specify the hash table for the diagram, the chord for the
+diagram, the tuning to be used, and
+a definition for the diagram. Normally, the hash table will be
+@var{default-fret-table}. The diagram definition can be either a
fret-diagram-terse definition string or a fret-diagram-verbose
marking list.
@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode { c:maj9 }
+\storePredefinedDiagram #default-fret-table
+ \chordmode { c:maj9 }
#guitar-tuning
#"x;3-2;o;o;o;o;"
@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode { c'' }
+\storePredefinedDiagram #default-fret-table
+ \chordmode { c'' }
#guitar-tuning
#(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes guitar-tuning))
@cindex chord shapes for fretted instruments
@funindex \addChordShape
-@funindex add ChordShape
+@funindex addChordShape
@funindex storePredefinedDiagram
@funindex \storePredefinedDiagram
In addition to fret diagrams, LilyPond stores an internal list of chord
shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
-the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
+the neck to different positions to provide different chords. Chord
shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
predefined fret diagrams. Because they can be moved to various
positions on the neck, chord shapes will normally not contain
% add some new chords based on the power chord shape
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode { f'' }
+\storePredefinedDiagram #default-fret-table
+ \chordmode { f'' }
#guitar-tuning
#(chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning)
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode { g'' }
+\storePredefinedDiagram #default-fret-table
+ \chordmode { g'' }
#guitar-tuning
#(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning))
@end lilypond
The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
-user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
-Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
-predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
-@code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
+user preference through the properties of the
+@code{fret-diagram-interface}. Details are found at
+@rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a predefined fret diagram,
+the interface properties belong to @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{chordchanges-for-fretboards.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{fretboards-alternate-tables.ly}
+
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}.
Installed Files:
-@file{ly/@/predefined@/-guitar@/-fretboards@/.ly},
-@file{ly/@/predefined@/-guitar@/-ninth@/-fretboards@/.ly}.
+@file{ly/predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly},
+@file{ly/predefined-guitar-ninth-fretboards.ly},
+@file{ly/predefined-ukulele-fretboards.ly}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\storePredefinedDiagram <c e g c' e'>
+\storePredefinedDiagram #default-fret-table
+ <c e g c' e'>
#guitar-tuning
- #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
+ #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1-);"
<<
\context ChordNames {
\chordmode {
an acceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
-the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
-context.
+the notes will then be placed appropriately by the
+@code{FretBoards} context.
@cindex fret diagrams, adding fingerings
@cindex fingerings, adding to fret diagrams
>>
@end lilypond
+@funindex minimumFret
+
The minimum fret to be used in calculating strings and frets for
the FretBoard context can be set with the @code{minimumFret}
property.
information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
-user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
-Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
-@code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
+user preference through the properties of the
+@code{fret-diagram-interface}. Details are found at
+@rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a @code{FretBoards} fret
+diagram, the interface properties belong to
@code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
<g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
<c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
<c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2
- g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
+ g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
@end lilypond
For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
@menu
* Indicating position and barring::
* Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
+* Indicating power chords::
@end menu
@node Indicating position and barring
This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
barring indications.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=0]
\clef "treble_8"
b16 d g b e
\textSpannerDown
\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = #"XII "
- g16\startTextSpan
- b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
+g16\startTextSpan
+b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
e16 b g d
@end lilypond
>>
@end lilypond
-Another playing technique (especially used on electic guitars) is
-called @notation{palm mute}. The string is hereby partly muted by the
-palm of the striking hand (hence the name). Lilypond supports
+Another playing technique (especially used on electric guitars) is
+called @notation{palm mute}. The string is hereby partly muted by the
+palm of the striking hand (hence the name). Lilypond supports
the notation of palm mute-style notes by changing the note head to a
triangle shape.
@ref{Note head styles}.
+@node Indicating power chords
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating power chords
+
+@funindex powerChords
+@funindex \powerChords
+
+@cindex power chords
+@cindex chords, power
+
+Power chords and their symbols can be engraved in chord mode or as chord
+constructs:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+ChordsAndSymbols = {
+ \chordmode {
+ \powerChords
+ e,,1:1.5
+ a,,1:1.5.8
+ \set minimumFret = #8
+ c,1:1.5
+ f,1:1.5.8
+ }
+ \set minimumFret = #5
+ <a, e>1
+ <g d' g'>1
+}
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new ChordNames {
+ \ChordsAndSymbols
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \ChordsAndSymbols
+ }
+ \new TabStaff {
+ \ChordsAndSymbols
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Power chord symbols are automatically switched off as soon as one of the
+other common chord modifier is used:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+mixedChords = \chordmode {
+ c,1
+ \powerChords
+ b,,1:1.5
+ fis,,1:1.5.8
+ g,,1:m
+}
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new ChordNames {
+ \mixedChords
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \mixedChords
+ }
+ \new TabStaff {
+ \mixedChords
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{power chord}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Extended and altered chords},
+@ref{Printing chord names}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
+
@node Banjo
@subsection Banjo
@c due to crazy intervals of banjo music, absolute pitch is recommended
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
\new TabStaff <<
\set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
\set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
Installed Files:
-@file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.
+@file{scm/output-lib.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff