Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
+ version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
+ Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.13.36"
+
@node Ancient notation
@section Ancient notation
@item @ref{Ligatures}.
@end itemize
-@c {{{1 Overview of the supported styles
+
@node Overview of the supported styles
@subsection Overview of the supported styles
classical rests and vaticana clefs in the same piece, if one
wishes.
-@c {{{1 Ancient notation, general
+
@node Ancient notation---common features
@subsection Ancient notation---common features
* Figured bass support::
@end menu
-@c {{{2 Pre-defined contexts
+
@node Pre-defined contexts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Pre-defined contexts
@end itemize
-@c {{{2 Ligatures
@node Ligatures
@unnumberedsubsubsec Ligatures
Ligatures are entered by @emph{enclosing} them in @code{\[} and
@code{\]}. Some ligature styles may need additional input syntax
specific for this particular type of ligature. By default, the
-@rinternals{LigatureBracket} engraver just puts a square bracket
+@code{LigatureBracket} engraver just puts a square bracket
above the ligature.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
mensural ligatures are supported for mensural music, and with
certain limitations). To use any of these styles, the default
@code{Ligature_bracket_engraver} has to be replaced with one of the
-specialized ligature engravers in the @rinternals{Voice} context,
+specialized ligature engravers in the @code{Voice} context,
as explained in @ref{White mensural ligatures} and @ref{Gregorian
square neume ligatures}.
-@seealso
+@c @seealso
@c TODO: nothing here yet ...
postfix style @code{note\[ ... note\]}.
@c Alternatively, the file
-@c @file{gregorian@/-init@/.ly} can be included; it provides a scheme
+@c @file{gregorian-init.ly} can be included; it provides a scheme
@c function
@c @example
@c \ligature @var{music expr}
@c -- eo
-
-@c {{{2 Custodes
@node Custodes
@unnumberedsubsubsec Custodes
different custos glyphs used in different flavors of notational
style.
-For typesetting custodes, just put a @rinternals{Custos_engraver} into the
-@rinternals{Staff} context when declaring the @code{\layout} block,
+For typesetting custodes, just put a @code{Custos_engraver} into the
+@code{Staff} context when declaring the @code{\layout} block,
and change the style of the custos with an @code{\override} if
desired, as shown in the following example:
The custos glyph is selected by the @code{style} property. The styles
supported are @code{vaticana}, @code{medicaea}, @code{hufnagel}, and
-@code{mensural}. They are demonstrated in the following fragment
+@code{mensural}. They are demonstrated in the following fragment.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
\markup { \column {
- \typewriter "vaticana"
+ \typewriter "vaticana "
\line { " " \musicglyph #"custodes.vaticana.u0" }
} }
\markup { \column {
- \typewriter "medicaea"
+ \typewriter "medicaea "
\line { " " \musicglyph #"custodes.medicaea.u0" }
}}
\markup { \column {
- \typewriter "hufnagel"
+ \typewriter "hufnagel "
\line { " " \musicglyph #"custodes.hufnagel.u0" }
}}
\markup { \column {
- \typewriter "mensural"
+ \typewriter "mensural "
\line { " " \musicglyph #"custodes.mensural.u0" }
}}
}
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{Custos}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Custos}.
-Examples:
+Snippets:
@rlsr{Ancient notation}.
-@c {{{2 Figured bass support
@node Figured bass support
@unnumberedsubsubsec Figured bass support
Baroque period; see @ref{Figured bass}.
-@c {{{1 Typesetting mensural music
@node Typesetting mensural music
@subsection Typesetting mensural music
@end menu
-
-@c {{{2Mensural contexts
@node Mensural contexts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural contexts
@end lilypond
-@seealso
-TODO: nothing here yet ...
+@c @seealso
+@c TODO: nothing here yet ...
-@c {{{2 Mensural clefs
@node Mensural clefs
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural clefs
@seealso
-Notation Reference: see @ref{Clef}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Clef}.
@knownissues
The mensural g clef is mapped to the Petrucci g clef.
-@c {{{2Mensural time signatures
@node Mensural time signatures
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural time signatures
}
@end lilypond
-Use the @code{style} property of grob @rinternals{TimeSignature}
+Use the @code{style} property of grob @code{TimeSignature}
to select ancient time signatures. Supported styles are
@code{neomensural} and @code{mensural}. The above table uses the
@code{neomensural} style. The following examples show the
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Time signature}, gives a general introduction to
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Time signature}, gives a general introduction to
the use of time signatures.
@knownissues
Ratios of note durations do not change with the time signature. For
-example, the ratio of 1 breve = 3 semibreves (@emph{tempus perfectum}) must
-be made by hand, by setting
+example, the ratio of 1@tie{}breve = 3@tie{}semibreves (@emph{tempus
+perfectum}) must be made by hand, by setting
@example
breveTP = #(ly:make-duration -1 0 3 2)
Use @code{\markup @{\musicglyph #"timesig.mensural68alt" @}} instead.
-@c {{{2Mensural note heads
@node Mensural note heads
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural note heads
For ancient notation, a note head style other than the @code{default} style
may be chosen. This is accomplished by setting the @code{style} property of
-the @rinternals{NoteHead} object to @code{baroque}, @code{neomensural},
+the @code{NoteHead} object to @code{baroque}, @code{neomensural},
@code{mensural} or @code{petrucci}.
The @code{baroque} style differs from the @code{default} style by:
@seealso
-@ref{Note head styles} gives an overview of all available note head styles.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Note head styles}, gives an overview of all available note head styles.
-@c {{{2Mensural flags
@node Mensural flags
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural flags
@cindex flags
-Use the @code{flag-style} property of grob @rinternals{Stem} to
+Use the @code{flag-style} property of grob @code{Stem} to
select ancient flags. Besides the @code{default} flag style,
only the @code{mensural} style is supported.
There are no flags in Gregorian chant notation.
-@seealso
-TODO: nothing here yet ...
+@c @seealso
+@c TODO: nothing here yet ...
@knownissues
features of classical notation (which however are typically out of
scope for mensural notation).
-@c {{{2Mensural rests
+
@node Mensural rests
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural rests
@cindex rests, ancient
-Use the @code{style} property of grob @rinternals{Rest} to select
-ancient rests. Supported styles are @code{classical},
+Use the @code{style} property of grob @code{Rest} to select
+ancient rests. Supported styles are @code{classical},
@code{neomensural}, and @code{mensural}. @code{classical} differs
from the @code{default} style only in that the quarter rest looks
like a horizontally mirrored 8th rest. The @code{mensural} and
See @rlsr{Ancient notation} for a chart of all rests.
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Rests}, gives a general introduction into the use of
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Rests}, gives a general introduction into the use of
rests.
-@c {{{2Mensural accidentals and key signatures
@node Mensural accidentals and key signatures
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural accidentals and key signatures
will be taken from the @code{vaticana} style.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,staffsize=26]
-\score {
-{
- \textLengthOn
- s^\markup {
- \column {
- "mensural"
- \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.mensural-1"
- " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.mensural1" }
- }
- }
-}
-\layout {
- interscoreline = 1
- \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" }
- \context { \Staff
- \remove "Clef_engraver"
- \remove "Key_engraver"
- \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = ##f
- }
+\markup {
+ \column {
+ "mensural"
+ \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.mensural-1"
+ " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.mensural1" }
}
}
@end lilypond
The style for accidentals and key signatures is controlled by the
-@code{glyph-name-alist} property of the grobs @rinternals{Accidental} and
-@rinternals{KeySignature}, respectively; e.g.:
+@code{glyph-name-alist} property of the grobs @code{Accidental} and
+@code{KeySignature}, respectively; e.g.:
@code{\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist =
#alteration-mensural-glyph-name-alist}
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Pitches}, @ref{Accidentals}, and
-@ref{Automatic accidentals} give a general introduction of the use of
-accidentals. @ref{Key signature} gives a general introduction of
-the use of key signatures.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Pitches}, @ref{Accidentals}, and @ref{Automatic accidentals}, give a
+general introduction of the use of accidentals. @ref{Key signature}, gives
+a general introduction of the use of key signatures.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{KeySignature}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{KeySignature}.
-@c {{{2 Annotational accidentals (musica ficta)
@node Annotational accidentals (musica ficta)
@unnumberedsubsubsec Annotational accidentals (@emph{musica ficta})
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{Accidental_engraver} engraver and
-the @rinternals{AccidentalSuggestion} object.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Accidental_engraver},
+@rinternals{AccidentalSuggestion}.
-@c {{{2White mensural ligatures
@node White mensural ligatures
@unnumberedsubsubsec White mensural ligatures
There is limited support for white mensural ligatures.
To engrave white mensural ligatures, in the layout block, replace
-the @rinternals{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with the
-@rinternals{Mensural_ligature_engraver} in the @rinternals{Voice}
+the @code{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with the
+@code{Mensural_ligature_engraver} in the @code{Voice}
context:
@example
}
@end lilypond
-Without replacing @rinternals{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with
-@rinternals{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, the same music transcribes
+Without replacing @code{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with
+@code{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, the same music transcribes
to the following
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
@end lilypond
-@seealso
-TODO: nothing here yet ...
+@c @seealso
+@c TODO: nothing here yet ...
@knownissues
Horizontal spacing of ligatures is poor.
-@c {{{1 Typesetting Gregorian chant
@node Typesetting Gregorian chant
@subsection Typesetting Gregorian chant
* Gregorian accidentals and key signatures::
* Divisiones::
* Gregorian articulation signs::
-* Augmentum dots (@emph{morae})::
+* Augmentum dots (morae)::
* Gregorian square neume ligatures::
@end menu
When typesetting a piece in Gregorian chant notation, the
-@rinternals{Vaticana_ligature_engraver} automatically selects the
+@code{Vaticana_ligature_engraver} automatically selects the
proper note heads, so there is no need to explicitly set the note
head style. Still, the note head style can be set, e.g., to
@code{vaticana_punctum} to produce punctum neumes. Similarly, the
-@rinternals{Mensural_ligature_engraver} automatically assembles
+@code{Mensural_ligature_engraver} automatically assembles
mensural ligatures. See @ref{Ligatures}, for how ligature
engravers work.
-@c {{{2Gregorian chant contexts
@node Gregorian chant contexts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Gregorian chant contexts
@end lilypond
-@seealso
-TODO: nothing here yet ...
+@c @seealso
+@c TODO: nothing here yet ...
-@c {{{2 Gregorian clefs
@node Gregorian clefs
@unnumberedsubsubsec Gregorian clefs
@seealso
-Notation Reference: see @ref{Clef}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Clef}.
-@c {{{2 Gregorian accidentals and key signatures
@node Gregorian accidentals and key signatures
@unnumberedsubsubsec Gregorian accidentals and key signatures
Accidentals for the three different Gregorian styles are available:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,staffsize=26]
-\score {
-{
- \textLengthOn
- s^\markup {
- \column {
- "vaticana"
- \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.vaticana-1"
- " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.vaticana0" }
- }
- \column {
- "medicaea"
- \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.medicaea-1" }
- }
- \column {
- "hufnagel"
- \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.hufnagel-1" }
- }
+\markup {
+ \column {
+ "vaticana"
+ \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.vaticana-1"
+ " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.vaticana0" }
}
-}
-\layout {
- interscoreline = 1
- \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" }
- \context { \Staff
- \remove "Clef_engraver"
- \remove "Key_engraver"
- \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = ##f
- }
+ \column {
+ "medicaea"
+ \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.medicaea-1" }
+ }
+ \column {
+ "hufnagel"
+ \line { " " \musicglyph #"accidentals.hufnagel-1" }
}
}
@end lilypond
@c {ancient-accidentals.ly}
The style for accidentals and key signatures is controlled by the
-@code{glyph-name-alist} property of the grobs @rinternals{Accidental} and
-@rinternals{KeySignature}, respectively; e.g.:
+@code{glyph-name-alist} property of the grobs @code{Accidental} and
+@code{KeySignature}, respectively; e.g.:
@code{\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist =
#alteration-mensural-glyph-name-alist}
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Pitches}, @ref{Accidentals}, and
-@ref{Automatic accidentals} give a general introduction of the use of
-accidentals. @ref{Key signature} gives a general introduction of
-the use of key signatures.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Pitches}, @ref{Accidentals}, and @ref{Automatic accidentals}, give a
+general introduction of the use of accidentals. @ref{Key signature}, gives
+a general introduction of the use of key signatures.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{KeySignature}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{KeySignature}.
-@c {{{2Divisiones
@node Divisiones
@unnumberedsubsubsec Divisiones
only marks the end of a chant, but is also frequently used within a
single antiphonal/responsorial chant to mark the end of each section.
-To use divisiones, include the file @file{gregorian@/.ly}. It
+To use divisiones, include the file @file{gregorian.ly}. It
contains definitions that you can apply by just inserting
@code{\divisioMinima}, @code{\divisioMaior}, @code{\divisioMaxima},
and @code{\finalis} at proper places in the input. Some editions use
@emph{virgula} or @emph{caesura} instead of divisio minima.
-Therefore, @file{gregorian@/.ly} also defines @code{\virgula} and
+Therefore, @file{gregorian.ly} also defines @code{\virgula} and
@code{\caesura}
-@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right]{divisiones.ly}
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\include "gregorian.ly"
+\score {
+ <<
+ \context VaticanaVoice {
+ \override TextScript #'padding = #3
+ g a g
+ s^\markup { "divisio minima" }
+ \divisioMinima
+ g a g
+ s^\markup { "divisio maior" }
+ \divisioMaior
+ g a g
+ s^\markup { "divisio maxima" }
+ \divisioMaxima
+ \break
+ g a g
+ s^\markup { "finalis" }
+ \finalis
+ g a g
+ s^\markup { "virgula" }
+ \virgula
+ g a g
+ s^\markup { "caesura" }
+ \caesura
+ g a g
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
@predefined
@endpredefined
-@c {{{2Gregorian articulations
@node Gregorian articulation signs
@unnumberedsubsubsec Gregorian articulation signs
\override TextScript #'font-family = #'typewriter
\override TextScript #'font-shape = #'upright
\override Script #'padding = #-0.1
- a\ictus_"ictus " \break
- a\circulus_"circulus " \break
- a\semicirculus_"semicirculus " \break
- a\accentus_"accentus " \break
+ a\ictus_"ictus " \bar "" \break
+ a\circulus_"circulus " \bar "" \break
+ a\semicirculus_"semicirculus " \bar "" \break
+ a\accentus_"accentus " \bar "" \break
\[ a_"episema" \episemInitium \pes b \flexa a b \episemFinis \flexa a \]
}
}
@end lilypond
-@seealso
-TODO: nothing here yet ...
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Ancient notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Episema},
+@rinternals{EpisemaEvent},
+@rinternals{Episema_engraver},
+@rinternals{Script},
+@rinternals{ScriptEvent},
+@rinternals{Script_engraver}.
@knownissues
Some articulations are vertically placed too closely to the
corresponding note heads.
-The episema line is not displayed in many cases. If it is displayed,
-the right end of the episema line is often too far to the right.
-
-@c {{{2Augmentum dots (@emph{morae})
-@node Augmentum dots (@emph{morae})
+@node Augmentum dots (morae)
@unnumberedsubsubsec Augmentum dots (@emph{morae})
Augmentum dots, also called @emph{morae}, are added with the music
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Breath marks}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Breath marks}.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{BreathingSign}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{BreathingSign}.
-Examples: @rlsr{Ancient notation}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Ancient notation}.
-@c {{{2Gregorian square neumes ligatures
@node Gregorian square neume ligatures
@unnumberedsubsubsec Gregorian square neume ligatures
ligatures, lyrics alignment, and proper handling of accidentals.
The support for Gregorian neumes is enabled by @code{\include}ing
-"gregorian.ly" at the beginning of the file. This makes available
+@file{gregorian.ly} at the beginning of the file. This makes available
a number of extra commands to produce the neume symbols used in
plainchant notation.
modifying the shape of the second note: @code{\[ a \pes \deminutum
b \] }, the second by modifying the shape of a single-note neume
with @code{\auctum} and one of the direction markers
-@code{\descendens} or @code{\ascendens}, e.g. @code{ \[ \auctum
+@code{\descendens} or @code{\ascendens}, e.g., @code{ \[ \auctum
\descendens a \] }.
@noindent
perfectly possible, although incorrect, to make a single-note
quilisma.
-In addition to the note signs, gregorian.ly also defines the
+In addition to the note signs, @file{gregorian.ly} also defines the
commands @code{\versus}, @code{\responsum}, @code{\ij},
@code{\iij}, @code{\IJ}, and @code{\IIJ}, that will produce the
-corresponding characters, e.g. for use in lyrics, as section
+corresponding characters, e.g., for use in lyrics, as section
markers, etc. These commands use special unicode characters and
will only work if a font is used which supports them.
Use the unary music function @code{\augmentum} to add augmentum dots.
-@seealso
-TODO: nothing here yet ...
+@c @seealso
+@c TODO: nothing here yet ...
@knownissues
When an @code{\augmentum} dot appears at the end of the last staff
within a ligature, it is sometimes vertically placed wrong. As a
-workaround, add an additional skip note (e.g. @code{s8}) as last note
+workaround, add an additional skip note (e.g., @code{s8}) as last note
of the staff.
@code{\augmentum} should be implemented as a head prefix rather than a
with head prefixes in arbitrary order.
-
-@c Working with ancient music: scenarios and solutions:: {{{1
@node Working with ancient music---scenarios and solutions
@subsection Working with ancient music---scenarios and solutions
same source.
@end itemize
-@c {{{2Incipits
+
@node Incipits
@unnumberedsubsubsec Incipits
TBC
-@seealso
+@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
-@c {{{2Mensurstriche layout
@node Mensurstriche layout
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensurstriche layout
@c TBC
-@seealso
+@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
-@c {{{2Transcribing Gregorian chant
@node Transcribing Gregorian chant
@unnumberedsubsubsec Transcribing Gregorian chant
invisible signature will still take up space.
In many cases, @code{\set Score.timing = ##f} will give good
-results. Another alternative is to use \@code{\CadenzaOn} and
+results. Another alternative is to use @code{\CadenzaOn} and
@code{\CadenzaOff}.
To remove the barlines, the radical approach is to @code{\remove}
to each syllable. In this case, one would want to set the
syllable groups clearly apart, usually also the subdivisions of a
longer melisma. One way to achieve this is to use a fixed
-@code{\time}, e.g. 1/4, and let each syllable or note group fill
+@code{\time}, e.g., 1/4, and let each syllable or note group fill
one of these measures, with the help of tuplets or shorter
durations. If the barlines and all other rhythmical indications
are made transparent, and the space around the barlines is
@c extract from 1.6.1.1
-@seealso
+@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
-@c {{{2Ancient and modern from one source
+
@node Ancient and modern from one source
@unnumberedsubsubsec Ancient and modern from one source
@c Here among others the snippets about reducing note length
TBC
-@seealso
+@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
-@c {{{2Editorial markings
+
@node Editorial markings
@unnumberedsubsubsec Editorial markings
-@c {{{2Baroque rhythmic notation
+
@c @node Baroque rhythmic notation
@c @unnumberedsubsubsec Baroque rhythmic notation
TBC
-@seealso
+@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff