@settitle Music Glossary
@documentencoding UTF-8
@documentlanguage en
+@afourpaper
@include macros.itexi
-@afourpaper
-
@c see lilypond.tely for info installation note
@dircategory LilyPond
@direntry
@c @evenheading @thispage @| @|
@c @oddheading @| @| @thispage @|
-This is the Music Glossary (MG) for GNU LilyPond version @version{}.
+This is the Music Glossary (MG) for LilyPond version @version{}.
For more information about how this fits with the other
-documentation, see
-FIXME FIXME FIXME
-@c @rlearning{About the documentation}.
-
+documentation, see @rweb{Manuals}.
@c arrowref
@macro aref{word}
@node acciaccatura
@section acciaccatura
-ES: ?,
+ES: mordente de una nota,
I: acciaccatura,
F: acciaccatura, appoggiature brève,
D: ?,
FI: ?.
A grace note which takes its time from the rest or note preceding the
-principal note to which it is attached. The acciaccatura is drawn as a small
-eighth note (quaver) with a line drawn through the flag and stem.
+principal note to which it is attached. The acciaccatura is drawn as a
+small eighth note (quaver) with a line drawn through the flag and stem.
@seealso
@ref{appoggiatura}, @ref{grace notes}, @ref{ornament}.
@section accidental
ES: alteración accidental,
-I: accidento,
+I: alterazione, accidente,
F: altération accidentelle,
D: Versetzungszeichen, Akzidenz,
NL: toevallig (verplaatsings)teken,
@node adagio
@section adagio
-ES: adagio,
+ES: adagio, lento,
I: adagio,
F: adagio, lent,
D: Adagio, Langsam,
@node al niente
@section al niente
-ES: ?,
+ES: al niente,
I: al niente,
F: al niente, en mourant,
D: ?,
@node alla breve
@section alla breve
-ES: ?,
+ES: alla breve,
I: ?,
F: alla breve, à la brève,
D: ?,
@node allegro
@section allegro
-ES: allegro,
+ES: allegro, rápido,
I: allegro,
F: allegro, gaiement,
D: Allegro, Schnell, Fröhlich, Lustig,
@section articulation
ES: articulación,
-I: articulazione,
+I: articolazione,
F: articulation,
D: Artikulation,
NL: articulatie,
@node beam
@section beam
-ES: barra
+ES: barra (de corcheas),
I: coda,
F: ligature, barre (de croches),
D: Balken,
@section bracket
ES: corchete,
-I: ?,
+I: parentesi quadra,
F: crochet,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
\override SpacingSpanner
#'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 1)
\override NonMusicalPaperColumn
- #'line-break-system-details = #'((alignment-offsets . (3 0 -3 -6)))
+ #'line-break-system-details = #'((alignment-distances . (3 3)))
\override BarLine #'stencil = ##f
}
\context {
}
@end lilypond
-Staves of five lines are usually used, and the clef superimposed on
-them indicates which five lines have been selected from this
-@samp{grand staff}. For example, the treble or G clef indicates that
-the top five lines have been selected:
+Staves of five lines are usually used, and the clef superimposed on them
+indicates which five lines have been selected from this @notation{grand
+staff}. For example, the treble or G clef indicates that the top five lines
+have been selected:
@lilypond[quote]
\score {
\override SpacingSpanner
#'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 2 1)
\override NonMusicalPaperColumn
- #'line-break-system-details = #'((alignment-offsets . (3 0 -3 -6)))
+ #'line-break-system-details = #'((alignment-distances . (3 3)))
\override BarLine #'stencil = ##f
}
\context {
The @q{curl} of the G clef is centered on the line that represents the
pitch G.
-In the same way, the bass or F clef indicates that the bottom five
-lines have been selected from the @samp{grand staff}, and the alto or
-C clef indicates the middle five lines have been selected. This
-relationship is shown below, where the notes show an arpeggio on a C
-major chord.
+In the same way, the bass or F clef indicates that the bottom five lines
+have been selected from the @notation{grand staff}, and the alto or C clef
+indicates the middle five lines have been selected. This relationship is
+shown below, where the notes show an arpeggio on a C major chord.
@lilypond[quote]
\score {
\override SpacingSpanner #'base-shortest-duration =
#(ly:make-moment 2 1)
\override NonMusicalPaperColumn
- #'line-break-system-details = #'((alignment-offsets . (0 -3 -6)))
+ #'line-break-system-details = #'((alignment-distances . (3 3)))
\override BarLine #'stencil = ##f
}
\context {
@section cluster
ES: racimo,
-I: ?,
+I: cluster,
F: cluster,
D: Cluster,
NL: ?,
@section common time
ES: compasillo,
-I: ?,
+I: tempo semplice,
F: mesure à 4/4,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@section compound meter
ES: compás compuesto, compás de subdivisión ternaria,
-I: ?,
+I: tempo composto,
F: mesure composée,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node concert pitch
@section concert pitch
-ES: en Do, afinación de concierto,
-I: ?,
+ES: en Do, tono de concierto,
+I: intonazione reale,
F: tonalité de concert, en ut,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@c Let's see how easy (or hard) it is to put bulleted lists in tables.
-@multitable {alto trombone} {tenor trombone} {bass trombone}
-@headitem Woodwinds @tab Brass @tab Strings
+@multitable {bassoon} {violoncello}
+@headitem Woodwinds @tab Strings
@item
@itemize
@tab
-@itemize
-@item alto trombone
-@item tenor trombone
-@item bass trombone
-@end itemize
-
-@tab
-
@itemize
@item violin
@item viola
@end multitable
+@ignore This needs to be reworked.
The trombones are a special case: although they are said to be @q{in F} (alto or
bass) or @q{in B-flat} (tenor), this refers to their fundamental note, not to
their parts' transposition. (In fact, the trombones' parts are written at
concert pitch with an appropriate clef -- alto, tenor or bass.) This differs
from other instruments @q{in F}, @q{in B-flat}, and so on, which are transposing
instruments.
+@end ignore
Instruments that play @q{in C} but in a different octave than what is written
are, technically speaking, @emph{transposing instruments}:
@section custos
ES: custos,
-I: ?,
+I: custos, guida,
F: guidon,
D: Notenzeiger, Custos,
NL: ?,
@node dal niente
@section dal niente
-ES: ?,
+ES: dal niente, de la nada,
I: dal niente,
F: partant de rien,
D: ?,
@node diminution
@section diminution
-ES: ?,
-I: ?,
+ES: disminución,
+I: diminuzione,
F: diminution,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node direct
@section direct
-ES: ?,
+ES: directo,
I: ?,
F: ?,
D: Weiser, Zeiger,
@node divisio
@section divisio
-ES: ?,
+ES: división,
I: ?,
F: ?,
D: ?,
@node doit
@section doit
-ES: ?,
+ES: elevación [de tono],
I: ?,
F: saut,
D: ?,
@node double time signature
@section double time signature
-ES: ?,
+ES: compás polimétrico,
I: ?,
F: ?,
D: ?,
@section dynamics
ES: dinámica, matices,
-I: ?,
+I: dinamica,
F: nuances,
D: Dynamik, Lautstärke,
NL: ?,
@c TODO: add languages
ES: sinalefa,
-I: ?,
+I: elisione,
F: élision,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@section extender line
ES: línea de extensión [de melisma, de bajo cifrado, etc.],
-I: ?,
+I: linea di estensione,
F: ligne d'extension [de mélisme, de basse chiffrée, etc.],
D: Fülllinie,
NL: ?,
@node fall
@section fall
-ES: ?,
+ES: caída [de tono],
I: ?,
F: chute,
D: ?,
@node feathered beam
@section feathered beam
-ES: barra punteada,
+ES: barra progresiva,
I: ?,
F: ligature en soufflet, lien de croches en soufflet,
D: gespreizter Balken,
@node flageolet
@section flageolet
-ES: ?,
+ES: armónico,
I: ?,
F: flageolet,
D: ?,
@node forte
@section forte
-ES: forte,
+ES: forte, fuerte,
I: forte,
F: forte,
D: forte, laut,
@section grand staff
ES: sistema de piano,
-I: accolatura,
+I: accollatura,
F: système [de portées], accolade,
D: Akkolade, Klaviersystem,
NL: piano systeem,
@node harmonics
@section harmonics
-ES: sonidos del flautín,
-I: suoni flautati,
+ES: armónicos, sonidos aflautados,
+I: armonici,
F: flageolet, sons harmoniques,
D: Flageolett-Töne,
NL: ?,
@section hemiola
ES: hemiolia,
-I: ?,
+I: emiolia, (rarely hemiola or emiola),
F: hémiole,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node inversion
@section inversion
-ES: ?,
-I: ?,
+ES: inversión,
+I: rivolto,
F: renversement,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@section laissez vibrer
ES: dejar vibrar,
-I: ?,
+I: laissez vibrer,
F: laissez vibrer,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@section lyrics
ES: letra (de la canción),
-I: ?,
+I: testo,
F: paroles,
D: Liedtext, Gesangtext,
NL: liedtekst,
@node maxima
@section maxima
-ES: ?,
-I: ?,
+ES: máxima,
+I: maxima,
F: maxima, maxime,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@section melisma
ES: melisma,
-I: ?,
+I: melisma,
F: mélisme, tenue,
D: Melisma,
NL: melisma,
@c TODO: add languages
ES: línea de melisma,
-I: ?,
+I: linea del melisma,
F: trait de mélisme, trait de tenue,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@c TODO: add languages
ES: notación mensural,
-I: ?,
+I: notazione mensurale,
F: notation mensurale,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@c TODO: add languages
-ES: ?,
+ES: signo de mensuración,
I: ?,
F: signe de mensuration,
D: ?,
@node mezzo
@section mezzo
-ES: ?,
+ES: mezzo,
I: mezzo,
F: mezzo,
D: ?,
@node multi-measure rest
@section multi-measure rest
-ES: compases de espera,
+ES: compases de espera, silencio multicompás,
I: pausa multipla,
F: pause multiple, mesure à compter,
NL: meermaats rust,
@c TODO: add definition.
-ES: ?,
+ES: tonos vecinos,
I: ?,
F: tons voisins,
D: ?,
@node note value
@section note value
-ES: valor (duración),
+ES: valor, duración,
I: valore, durata,
F: durée, valeur (d'une note),
D: Notenwert,
@section octave mark
ES: indicación de octava,
-I: ?,
+I: segno di ottava,
F: indication d'octave,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node part
@section part
-ES: parte,
+ES: parte, particella,
I: voce, parte,
F: partie,
D: Stimme,
@node piano
@section piano
-ES: piano,
+ES: piano, suave,
I: piano,
F: piano,
D: piano, leise,
@section polymeter
ES: compás polimétrico,
-I: ?,
+I: polimetria,
F: polymétrie,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@section polymetric
ES: polimétrico,
-I: ?,
+I: polimetrico,
F: polymétrique,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node polymetric time signature
@section polymetric time signature
-ES: compás polimétrico,
-I: ?,
+ES: indicación de compás polimétrico,
+I: tempo polimetrico,
F: ?,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node presto
@section presto
-ES: presto,
+ES: presto, muy rápido,
I: presto,
F: presto, très rapide, enlevé,
D: Presto, Sehr schnell,
@section proportion
ES: proporción,
-I: proprozione (?),
+I: proporzione,
F: proportion,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
@node quality
@section quality
-ES: ?,
+ES: variante [de acorde o intervalo],
I: qualità (?),
F: qualité (?),
D: ?,
@node quarter tone
@section quarter tone
-ES: cuarto de tonno,
-I: ?,
+ES: cuarto de tono,
+I: quarto di tono,
F: quart de ton,
D: Viertelton,
NL: kwart toon,
@node quintuplet
@section quintuplet
-ES: cinquillo, quintillo.
+ES: cinquillo, quintillo,
I: quintina,
F: quintolet,
D: Quintole,
@section repeat
ES: repetición,
-I: ritornello,
+I: ripetizione,
F: barre de reprise,
D: Wiederholung,
NL: herhaling,
@seealso
@ref{accent}, @ref{beat}, @ref{measure}, @ref{meter}.
+
@node ritardando
@section ritardando
-ES: ritardando,
+ES: ritardando, retardando,
I: ritardando,
F: ritardando, en ralentissant,
D: ritardando, langsamer werden,
S: ritardando,
FI: ritardando, hidastuen,
-Gradually slackening in speed. Mostly abbreviated to rit.@: or ritard.
+Gradually slackening in speed. Mostly abbreviated to @notation{rit.} or
+@notation{ritard}.
@seealso
No cross-references.
@node ritenuto
@section ritenuto
-ES: ritenuto,
+ES: ritenuto, reteniendo,
I: ritenuto,
F: ritenuto, en retenant,
D: ritenuto,
@section second
ES: segunda,
-I: secunda,
+I: seconda,
F: seconde,
D: Sekunde,
NL: secunde,
@node simile
@section simile
-ES: simile,
+ES: simile, similar,
I: simile,
F: simile,
D: ?,
@node slur
@section slur
-ES: ligadura (de expresión),
-I: legatura (di portamento or espressiva),
+ES: ligadura de expresión,
+I: legatura (di portamento o espressiva),
F: liaison, coulé,
D: Bogen (Legatobogen, Phrasierungsbogen),
NL: fraseringsboog, legatoboog, streekboog,
@section staff
UK: stave,
-ES: pentagrama,
+ES: pentagrama, pauta,
I: pentagramma, rigo (musicale),
F: portée,
D: Notensystem, Notenzeile,
@node stringendo
@section stringendo
-ES: ?,
+ES: stringendo, acelerando,
I: stringendo,
F: stringendo, en accélérant,
D: ?,
@section submediant
ES: submediante,
-I: sopratonica,
+I: sopradominante,
F: sous-médiante,
D: Submediante,
NL: submediant,
@section sul G
ES: sobre la cuerda de Sol,
-I: sul g,
+I: sul Sol,
F: sur la G,
D: auf G, auf der G-Saite,
NL: ?,
S: superdominant,
FI: ylidominantti.
-The sixth @ref{scale degree}.
+The sixth @ref{scale degree}. Equivalent to the submediant, q.v.
@seealso
@ref{functional harmony}, @ref{scale degree}, @ref{submediant}.
@section system
ES: sistema,
-I: accollatura,
+I: sistema,
F: système,
D: Notensystem, Partitur,
NL: systeem,
@node tie
@section tie
-ES: ligadura de prolongación, ligadura de unión,
+ES: ligadura de unión (o de prolongación),
I: legatura (di valore),
F: liaison (de tenue),
D: Haltebogen, Bindebogen,
@section transposing instrument
ES: instrumento transpositor,
-I: ?,
+I: strumento traspositore,
F: instrument transpositeur,
D: ?,
NL: ?,
Not all transposing instruments include the pitch class in their name:
@itemize
-
+@item Alto flute (in G)
@item English horn (in F)
+@item Saxophones (in B-flat or E-flat)
+@end itemize
-@item Alto flute (in G)
+@ignore Can we do better?
-@end itemize
+To make matters more complex, some instruments are transposing instruments,
+but their players play from parts written at concert pitch. This is the
+case for orchestral trombone and tuba players—whereas trombone players in
+brass bands treat their parts as if written for a true transposing
+instrument in B-flat.
+
+@end ignore
@seealso
@ref{concert pitch}.
@node transposition
@section transposition
-ES: transporte,
+ES: transporte, transposición,
I: trasposizione,
F: transposition,
D: Transposition,
@node treble clef
@section treble clef
-ES: clave de sol,
+ES: clave de sol en segunda,
I: chiave di violino,
F: clef de sol,
D: Violinschlüssel, Sopranschlüssel,
@node tuning fork
@section tuning fork
-ES: diapasón, horquilla de afinación,
+ES: diapasón [de horquilla],
I: diapason, corista,
F: diapason,
D: Stimmgabel,
@node tuplet
@section tuplet
+ES: grupo de valoración especial,
+I: gruppi irregolari,
+F: ?,
+D: ?,
+NL: ?,
+DK: ?,
+S: ?,
+FI: ?.
+
A non-standard subdivision of a beat or part of a beat, usually
indicated with a bracket and a number indicating the number of
subdivisions.
@end multitable
* About the French naming system: @notation{croche} refers to the note's
-@q{hook}. Therefore, from the eighth note on, the note names mean @q{hook},
+@q{hook}. Therefore, from the eighth note on, the note names mean @q{hook},
@q{doubled hook}, @q{trebled hook}, and so on.
The rest names are based on the @notation{soupir}, or quarter rest.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff