The Musical Definition Language (Mudela) S<version 2>, has a logical
structure, making use of typing and naming (using identifiers), that
-allows for flexible input, and definition reuse.
+allows for flexible input, and definition reuse. See MANIFESTO for
+reasons and design considerations.
The below included for explanatory purposes only (i.e., for a complete
and up-to-date definition, see F<lily/parser.y> and F<lily/lexer.l>):
As a related note, you should take a look at the examples and the init
-file, as this document does not cover every aspect of mudela yet.
+file, as this document does not cover every aspect of mudela yet, and
+may be out of date.
=head2 Files
=head2 Comments
-Line comments are introduced by a C<%>
+Line comments are introduced by a C<%>.
=head2 Versions
\version "0.0.50";
+A perl-script which tries to convert to newer versions
+(F<convert-mudela.pod>) is included in the LilyPond distribution.
+
=head2 Words
Keywords are preceded by a backslash "\". They contain alphabetic
This is an A flat, (just below 110 Hz concert-pitch). The C<*2/3>
signifies that this note is part of a triplet (3 in stead of 2). The
-duration is one and a half quaver (C<4.>) times 2/3.
+duration is one and a half quaver (C<4.>) times 2/3.
Notenames are just a special kind of identifiers, and can be declared
Please note that these two characters do I<not> necessarrily nest, eg:
[c8 e8(] [)g8 c'8]
+ [c8 c8 c8]2/3 % a triplet
-
-Symbols which can be put at either side of a staff are entered as follows:
+Symbols which can be put at either side (above or below) of a staff
+are entered as follows:
a-^ % marcato, direction: default
a^- % portato, direction: above note
Voice_elements which are produced in two directions: horizontal
(voice like) and vertical (chord like)
-You can start horizontal music by enclosing a sequence of notes with { and }
+A sequence of notes (horizontal) is called simple horizontal, eg
+
+ c4 c4 g4 g4
+
+
+You can also glue two pieces of simple horizontal music together with the
+concatenation operator:
+
+ horOne = \melodic { c c g g }
+ horTwo = \melodic { a a g2 }
+ twinkle = \melodic { \horOne ++ \horTwo }
+
+If you enclose simple horizontal music in braces ( { } ), then you get
+horizontal music:
{ c c g g a a g2 } % twinkle twinkle
its elements. The C<\multivoice> is a construct which is explained
below.
-You can also glue two horizontal pieces music together with
-concatenation operator:
-
- \horOne = \melodic { c c g g }
- \horTwo = \melodic { a a g2 }
- \twinkle = \melodic { \horOne ++ \horTwo }
=head2 Transposition
You can transpose horizontal music in the following way:
- \transpose { d % from c to d that's one octave up.
- { e4 f4 } % the horizontal music
+
+ \melodic {
+ c4 ++ \transpose {
+ d % from c to the d that's one octave down
+ { e4 f4 } % the horizontal music
+ } ++ g4
}
+The result is, as you can see, simple horizontal music again
+
=head2 Rhythms
Rhythms in Mudela are entered identical to Simple mudela.
A meter has this form:
- \meter { 3/4 }
+ \meter 3/4 ;
Rhythmic grouping is a concept closely associated with this. For
example, in a 5/8 meter, the counts are grouped 2+3. In mudela this is
entered as
- \grouping { 8*2 8*3 }
+ \grouping 8*2 8*3 ;
+You can start the piece with a partial measure, the command takes the
+same syntax as grouping:
+ \partial 16*3 4;
+
+Make the piece start with a partial measure [transl?] lasting 1 3/4
+quaver.
=head1 STRUCTURE
% instantiate (=create tex, midi output) the score:
\score{
- \staff{ melody }
- \staff{ accompany }
- \commands{ <score global commands> }
+ \staff{ melodicregs melody }
+ \staff{ melodicregs accompany }
\midi{ <midi definitions> }
- \paper{ <paper and layout definitions }
+ \paper{ <paper and layout definitions> }
}
=head2 Examples
on the paper than actually fits. To reflect this idea (the user asks
more than we can do), the container for this data is called Request.
-A request is done to
-the C<Staff> which contains the C<Voice_element>. The staff decides
-whether to to honor the request, ignore it, or merge it with other
-requests. Merging of requests is preferably done with other requests
-done by members of the same voicegroups (beams, brackets, stems)
+A request is done to the C<Staff> which contains the
+C<Voice_element>. The staff decides whether to to honor the request,
+ignore it, or merge it with other requests. Merging of requests is
+preferably done with other requests done by members of the same
+voicegroups (beams, brackets, stems)
+
+=head2 Staff
+
+The staff is a simple container (containing Voices). The so-called
+"registers" determine the characteristics of the Staff. At this time,
+LilyPond supports the following personalities:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item melodicregs
+
+This makes the staff into a single five line melodic staff.
+
+=item lyricregs
+This makes the staff into a staff which will only set Lyric_requests.
+
+=back
=head1 HISTORY
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff