When LilyPond looks at this file, it takes the value of
@code{melody} (everything after the equals sign) and inserts it
whenever it sees @code{\melody}. There's nothing special about
-the names -- it could be @code{melody}, @code{global},
-@code{keyTime}, @code{pianorighthand}, or @code{foofoobarbaz}.
-For more details, see @ref{Saving typing with variables and
-functions}. Remember that you can use almost any name you like as
-long as it contains just alphabetic characters and is distinct
-from LilyPond command names. The exact limitations on variable
-names are detailed in @ruser{File structure}.
+the name -- it could be @code{melody}, @code{global},
+@code{keyTime}, @code{pianorighthand}, or something else.
+Remember that you can use almost any name you like as long as it
+contains just alphabetic characters and is distinct from LilyPond
+command names. For more details, see @ref{Saving typing with
+variables and functions}. The exact limitations on variable names
+are detailed in @ruser{File structure}.
@seealso
@cindex voices, naming
@cindex voices crossing brackets
@cindex slurs crossing brackets
-@cindex ties crossing brackest
+@cindex ties crossing brackets
This example has just two voices, but the same construct may be
used to encode three or more voices by adding more back-slash
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex verse and refrain
-
-We end with an example to show how we might code a solo verse which
-continues into a two-part refrain in two staves. The positioning
-of the sequential and simultaneous sections to achieve this within
-a single score is quite tricky, so follow the explanation carefully!
-
-Let's start with a score block containing a @code{ChoirStaff}, as
-we would like the brace to appear at the start of the chorus.
-Normally you would need angle brackets after @code{\new ChoirStaff}
-to bring in all the staves in parallel, but here we want to
-defer the parallelism during the solo so we use braces, although
-angle brackets here wouldn't hurt. Inside the @code{ChoirStaff} we
-want first the staff which will contain the verse. This must
-contain notes and lyrics in parallel, so here we need angle
-brackets around the @code{\new Voice} and @code{\new Lyrics} to
-start them at the same time:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-versenotes = \relative c'' {
- \clef "treble"
- \key g \major
- \time 3/4
- g4 g g | b4 b b |
-}
-
-versewords = \lyricmode {
- One two three | four five six |
-}
-
-\score {
- \new ChoirStaff {
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "verse" {
- \versenotes \break
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto verse {
- \versewords
- }
- >>
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-That gives the verse line.
-
-Now we want to continue with refrainA on the same staff while a
-second staff is introduced in parallel with it for refrainB, so
-this is a parallel section which must be positioned immediately
-following the @code{\break} in the verse Voice. Yes, @emph{within}
-the verse Voice! Here's that parallel section. More staves
-could be introduced here in the same way.
-
-@example
-<<
- \refrainnotesA
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto verse @{
- \refrainwordsA
- @}
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "refrainB" @{
- \refrainnotesB
- @}
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "refrainB" @{
- \refrainwordsB
- @}
- >>
->>
-@end example
-
-Here's the final result with two staves in the chorus showing
-how the parallel section is positioned within the verse Voice:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim, ragged-right]
-versenotes = \relative c'' {
- \clef "treble"
- \key g \major
- \time 3/4
- g4 g g | b4 b b |
-}
-versewords = \lyricmode {
- One two three | four five six |
-}
-refrainnotesA = \relative c'' {
- \clef "treble"
- \key g \major
- \time 2/4
- c4 c | g4 g | \bar "|."
-}
-refrainwordsA = \lyricmode {
- la la | la la |
-}
-refrainnotesB = \relative c {
- \clef "bass"
- \key g \major
- \time 2/4
- c4 e | d4 d |
-}
-refrainwordsB = \lyricmode {
- dum dum | dum dum |
-}
-
-\score {
- \new ChoirStaff {
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "verse" {
- \versenotes \break
- <<
- \refrainnotesA
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "verse" {
- \refrainwordsA
- }
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "refrainB" {
- \refrainnotesB
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "refrainB" {
- \refrainwordsB
- }
- >>
- >>
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "verse" {
- \versewords
- }
- >>
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex book, example of using
-@funindex \book
-@funindex book
-
-However, although this is an interesting and useful exercise to
-help you to understand how sequential and simultaneous blocks work,
-in practice one would perhaps choose to code this as two
-@code{\score} blocks within an implicit @code{\book} block, as
-follows:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-versenotes = \relative c'' {
- \clef "treble"
- \key g \major
- \time 3/4
- g4 g g | b4 b b |
-}
-
-versewords = \lyricmode {
- One two three | four five six |
-}
-
-refrainnotesA = \relative c'' {
- \clef "treble"
- \key g \major
- \time 2/4
- c4 c | g4 g | \bar "|."
-}
-
-refrainwordsA = \lyricmode {
- la la | la la |
-}
-
-refrainnotesB = \relative c {
- \clef "bass"
- \key g \major
- \time 2/4
- c4 e | d4 d |
-}
-
-refrainwordsB = \lyricmode {
- dum dum | dum dum |
-}
-
-\score {
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "verse" {
- \versenotes
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "verse" {
- \versewords
- }
- >>
-}
-
-\score {
- \new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "refrainA" {
- \refrainnotesA
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "refrainA" {
- \refrainwordsA
- }
- >>
- \new Staff <<
- \new Voice = "refrainB" {
- \refrainnotesB
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "refrainB" {
- \refrainwordsB
- }
- >>
- >>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Notation Reference: @ruser{Vocal music}.
@} % end Score context
@end example
+@cindex stretchability of staves
+@cindex staves, stretchability
+
+The above layout of the organ staves is almost perfect; however,
+there is a slight defect which is not visible by looking at just a
+single system: The distance of the pedal staff to the left hand staff
+should behave approximately the same as the right hand staff to the
+left hand staff. In particular, the stretchability of staves in a
+@code{PianoStaff} context is limited (so that the distance between
+the staves for the left and right hand can't become too large), and
+the pedal staff should behave similarly.
+
+@cindex sub-properties
+@cindex properties, sub-properties
+@cindex graphical objects
+@cindex objects, graphical
+@cindex grobs
+
+Stretchability of staves can be controlled with the
+@code{next-staff-spacing} property of the @code{VerticalAxisGroup}
+@q{graphical object} (commonly called @q{grob}s within the lilypond
+documentation) -- don't worry about the details right now; this is
+fully explained later. For the curious, have a look at
+@ruser{Overview of modifying properties}. Currently, it is not
+possible to modify the @code{stretchability} sub-property only, we
+thus have to copy the other sub-properties also. Again, for the
+curious, you can find the default values in file
+@file{scm/@/define-grobs@/.scm} by looking up the definition of the
+@code{VerticalAxisGroup} grob. The value for @code{stretchability}
+is taken from the definition of the @code{PianoStaff} context (in
+file @file{ly/@/engraver-init@/.ly}) so that the values are
+identical.
+
+@example
+\score @{
+ << % PianoStaff and Pedal Staff must be simultaneous
+ \new PianoStaff <<
+ \new Staff = "ManualOne" <<
+ \keyTime % set key and time signature
+ \clef "treble"
+ \new Voice @{
+ \voiceOne
+ \ManualOneVoiceOneMusic
+ @}
+ \new Voice @{
+ \voiceTwo
+ \ManualOneVoiceTwoMusic
+ @}
+ >> % end ManualOne Staff context
+ \new Staff = "ManualTwo" \with @{
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'next-staff-spacing = #'((space . 9)
+ (minimum-distance . 8)
+ (padding . 1)
+ (stretchability . 5))
+ @} <<
+ \keyTime
+ \clef "bass"
+ \new Voice @{
+ \ManualTwoMusic
+ @}
+ >> % end ManualTwo Staff context
+ >> % end PianoStaff context
+ \new Staff = "PedalOrgan" <<
+ \keyTime
+ \clef "bass"
+ \new Voice @{
+ \PedalOrganMusic
+ @}
+ >> % end PedalOrgan Staff
+ >>
+@} % end Score context
+@end example
That completes the structure. Any three-staff organ music
will have a similar structure, although the number of voices
may vary. All that remains now
\ManualOneVoiceTwoMusic
}
>> % end ManualOne Staff context
- \new Staff = "ManualTwo" <<
+ \new Staff = "ManualTwo" \with {
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup
+ #'next-staff-spacing = #'((space . 9)
+ (minimum-distance . 8)
+ (padding . 1)
+ (stretchability . 5))
+ } <<
\keyTime
\clef "bass"
\new Voice {
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