Doc Index expressive.itely part 1

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / user / vocal.itely

diff --git a/Documentation/user/vocal.itely b/Documentation/user/vocal.itely
index a48e09ffaf550fe8a0e032b2d4d1e0326f0e699d..accea8762540fe939377da27aa10084f54eef611 100644 (file)
--- a/Documentation/user/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/user/vocal.itely
@@ -6,17 +6,21 @@
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 

-@c \version "2.11.38"
+@c \version "2.11.57"

 
 @node Vocal music
 @section Vocal music
 
 
 @node Vocal music
 @section Vocal music
 

-TODO
-CLARIFY
-http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
-http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
+@c TODO: CLARIFY
+@c TODO: delete this comment block
+@c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
+@c Done, see @node Lyrics independent of notes ----FV

 
 

+@c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
+@c Done, see @node Working with lyrics and variables ----FV

 
 

+@c partially done, needs improvement, see Switching to an alternative melody ----FV
+@ignore

 
 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
 > happens one step
 
 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
 > happens one step


@@ -35,22 +39,43 @@ read all the sections
 sequentially.
 
 
 sequentially.
 
 

+@c Done in @node Extenders and hyphens ---FV
+@c also done (duplicated) in @node Multiple notes to one syllable --FV
+I don't know who's working on the vocal music right now, but I
+found something that should be clarified in NR 2.1.2.4.
+
+It should be made clear that __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
+and _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are
+used.  The example shows it, but there is no description of the
+lyrics extender in this section.
+@end ignore
+

 
 

-Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
-consider when working with vocal music:
+Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to consider
+when working with vocal music:

 
 @itemize
 @item
 
 @itemize
 @item

-Song texts must be entered as text, not notes.  For example, the
-input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
-note@tie{}D.
+Song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes.  For example, the
+input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable,
+not the note@tie{}D.

 
 @item
 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
 @end itemize
 
 
 @item
 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
 @end itemize
 

-There are a few different ways to define lyrics; we shall begin
-by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
+To address the first issue, the fundamental method is the special mode
+opened by @code{\lyricmode} that interprets its contents as text.
+This mode is implicit by some abbreviated methods, as we will see.
+
+Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you
+specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually.
+Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips,
+hyphens and extender lines.
+
+All these methods and their combinations lead to a few different ways
+to define lyrics; we shall begin by examining the simplest method, and
+gradually increase complexity.

 
 @menu
 * Common notation for vocals::
 
 @menu
 * Common notation for vocals::


@@ -59,28 +84,6 @@ by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
 * Stanzas::
 @end menu
 
 * Stanzas::
 @end menu
 

-@snippets
-
-Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
-a relatively large computational task.  To speed up processing, LilyPond does
-not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
-
-@example
-\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
-@end example
-
-To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
-
-@example
-\layout @{
-  \context @{
-    \Lyrics
-      \consists "Bar_engraver"
-      \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
-      \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
-  @}
-@}
-@end example

 
 @node Common notation for vocals
 @subsection Common notation for vocals
 
 @node Common notation for vocals
 @subsection Common notation for vocals


@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ to a melody.  Here is an example,
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
 \time 3/4
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
 \time 3/4

-\relative { c2 e4 g2. }
+\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }

 \addlyrics { play the game }
 @end lilypond
 
 \addlyrics { play the game }
 @end lilypond
 


@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ More stanzas can be added by adding more
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
 \time 3/4
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
 \time 3/4

-\relative { c2 e4 g2. }
+\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }

 \addlyrics { play the game }
 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
 \addlyrics { play the game }
 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }


@@ -213,9 +216,9 @@ In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
 between syllables, or use tilde  symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
 
 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
 between syllables, or use tilde  symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
 

-@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]

 \time 3/4
 \time 3/4

-\relative { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
+\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }

 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }


@@ -229,13 +232,11 @@ glyph.
 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save

-it with utf-8 encoding.  See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
-
-FIXME: quotes.
+it with UTF-8 encoding.  See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.

 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]

-\relative { e4 f e d e f e2 }
-\addlyrics { He said: ââ\82¬Å\93Let my peo ple goââ\82¬Â\9d. }
+\relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
+\addlyrics { He said: â\80\9cLet my peo ple goâ\80\9d. }

 @end lilypond
 
 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
 @end lilypond
 
 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the


@@ -278,7 +279,9 @@ verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso
 

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{LyricSpace}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{LyricText},
+@rinternals{LyricSpace}.

 
 @node Working with lyrics and variables
 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
 
 @node Working with lyrics and variables
 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables


@@ -334,11 +337,44 @@ The final input would resemble
 >>
 @end example
 
 >>
 @end example
 

+@ignore
+
+http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
+The problem cannot be reproduced.
+The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
+A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
+
+
+Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
+context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
+the next erroneous example:
+
+@example
+words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
+ one two
+}
+<<
+  \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
+  \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
+  \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
+  \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
+>>
+@end example
+
+the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
+created by "\new Lyrics".
+
+Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
+remains empty.
+
+@end ignore
+

 @seealso
 
 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
 @seealso
 
 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
-@internalsref{Lyrics}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
+@rinternals{Lyrics}.

 
 
 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
 
 
 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody


@@ -350,7 +386,7 @@ Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
 
 
 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
 
 
 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called

-@internalsref{Lyrics}.
+@rinternals{Lyrics}.

 
 @example
 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
 
 @example
 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}


@@ -395,7 +431,7 @@ melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
 @end example
 
 This aligns the lyrics to the
 @end example
 
 This aligns the lyrics to the

-notes of the @internalsref{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
+notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must

 already exist.  Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}.  The command
 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
 already exist.  Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}.  The command
 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the


@@ -410,8 +446,14 @@ The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
     \time 2/4
     c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
   }
     \time 2/4
     c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
   }

+
+% not recommended: left aligns syllables 

   \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
   \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }

+
+% wrong: durations needed

   \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
   \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }

+
+%correct

   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
 >>
 @end lilypond
   \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
 >>
 @end lilypond


@@ -458,7 +500,7 @@ The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
 
 @noindent
 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
 
 @noindent
 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of

-a @internalsref{Voice} context.  Without this setting, extender lines
+a @rinternals{Voice} context.  Without this setting, extender lines

 will not be formatted properly.
 
 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
 will not be formatted properly.
 
 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,


@@ -476,7 +518,8 @@ Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso
 

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Lyrics}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Lyrics}.

 
 
 @node Multiple syllables to one note
 
 
 @node Multiple syllables to one note


@@ -494,9 +537,9 @@ U+203F, so be
 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
 glyph.}.
 
 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
 glyph.}.
 

-@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]

 \time 3/4
 \time 3/4

-\relative { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
+\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }

 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }


@@ -504,7 +547,8 @@ glyph.}.
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso
 

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.

 
 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
 
 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory


@@ -524,9 +568,18 @@ single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
 
 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
 
 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}

-for every note
-that is part of the melisma.
-
+for every extra note that has to be added to the the melisma.
+
+@c verbose! --FV
+@c duplicated: TODO fix
+Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
+the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
+first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
+that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
+double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
+notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
+
+@c wrong: extender line only on last syllable of a word. Change example

 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
  c d( e) f f( e) e e  }
 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
  c d( e) f f( e) e e  }


@@ -582,8 +635,6 @@ A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso
 

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Melisma_translator}.
-

 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
 
 @knownissues
 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
 
 @knownissues


@@ -601,7 +652,7 @@ the text will be delayed another note.
 For example,
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 For example,
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]

-\relative { c c g' }
+\relative c' { c c g' }

 \addlyrics {
   twin -- \skip 4
   kle
 \addlyrics {
   twin -- \skip 4
   kle


@@ -616,10 +667,17 @@ For example,
 @cindex extender
 
 @c leave this as samp. -gp
 @cindex extender
 
 @c leave this as samp. -gp

-Melismata are indicated with a horizontal line centered between a syllable
-and the next one.  Such a line is called an extender line, and it is entered
-as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two underscore
-characters).
+In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
+a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
+the next one.  Such a line is called an extender line, and it is
+entered as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two
+underscore characters).
+
+@warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
+which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
+also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
+single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
+typeset by default.}

 
 @cindex hyphens
 
 
 @cindex hyphens
 


@@ -636,8 +694,9 @@ distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso
 

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricExtender},
-@internalsref{LyricHyphen}
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{LyricExtender},
+@rinternals{LyricHyphen}

 
 @node Lyrics and repeats
 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
 
 @node Lyrics and repeats
 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats


@@ -712,6 +771,8 @@ section.
 @node Lyrics independent of notes
 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
 
 @node Lyrics independent of notes
 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
 

+@cindex Devnull context
+

 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
 lyrics completely independently of notes.  Music defined
 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
 lyrics completely independently of notes.  Music defined
 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the


@@ -737,6 +798,18 @@ lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

+This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
+context does not contain melismata.  Melismata are defined by the
+@code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
+makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
+melismata.  Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
+the implicit melismata get ignored.
+
+@c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
+
+@c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
+
+

 @node Chants
 @subsubsection Chants
 
 @node Chants
 @subsubsection Chants
 


@@ -767,7 +840,7 @@ LyricSpace.
 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
 layout.
 
 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
 layout.
 

-@lilypond[relative,verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]

 \score {
   \relative c' {
   c c c c
 \score {
   \relative c' {
   c c c c


@@ -787,9 +860,33 @@ layout.
 @end lilypond
 
 @snippets
 @end lilypond
 
 @snippets

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {aligning-lyrics.ly}
 
 {aligning-lyrics.ly}
 

+
+@snippets
+
+Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
+a relatively large computational task.  To speed up processing, LilyPond does
+not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
+
+@example
+\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
+@end example
+
+To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
+
+@example
+\layout @{
+  \context @{
+    \Lyrics
+      \consists "Bar_engraver"
+      \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
+      \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
+  @}
+@}
+@end example
+

 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
 @c even when notes are tied. -td
 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
 @c even when notes are tied. -td


@@ -801,6 +898,7 @@ layout.
 }
 @end ignore
 
 }
 @end ignore
 

+

 @node Centering lyrics between staves
 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
 
 @node Centering lyrics between staves
 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
 


@@ -835,10 +933,11 @@ Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
   Hi, my name is Bert.
 } \addlyrics {
   \set stanza = "2. "
   Hi, my name is Bert.
 } \addlyrics {
   \set stanza = "2. "

-  Oh, chÃ\83© -- ri, je t'aime
+  Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime

 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

+

 @noindent
 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
 
 @noindent
 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
 


@@ -854,7 +953,7 @@ stanzaOneOne = {
   \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
   \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
     Lend thine ear to what I say.
   \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
   \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
     Lend thine ear to what I say.

-    ...
+

   }
 }
 
   }
 }
 


@@ -862,9 +961,16 @@ stanzaOneThree =  {
 %  \set stanza = \markup { "   "}
   \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
     Than to have you walk in truth.
 %  \set stanza = \markup { "   "}
   \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
     Than to have you walk in truth.

-...
+

   }
 }
   }
 }

+
+\new Voice {
+  \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 
+                    c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4   } 
+}  \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
+   \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
+

 @end ignore
 
 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
 @end ignore
 
 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas


@@ -911,7 +1017,7 @@ the line, just like instrument names.  They are created by setting
   Hi, my name is Bert.
 } \addlyrics {
   \set vocalName = "Ernie "
   Hi, my name is Bert.
 } \addlyrics {
   \set vocalName = "Ernie "

-  Oh, che -- ri, je t'aime
+  Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime

 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 


@@ -930,10 +1036,10 @@ must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
 in the text, as shown here,
 
 @c  TODO: breaks compile
 in the text, as shown here,
 
 @c  TODO: breaks compile

+@c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV

 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]

-%{

 <<
 <<

-  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {

     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     c4
     \slurDotted
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     c4
     \slurDotted


@@ -950,7 +1056,6 @@ in the text, as shown here,
     still
   }
 >>
     still
   }
 >>

-%}

 @end lilypond
 
 
 @end lilypond
 
 


@@ -966,7 +1071,7 @@ done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property.  In the example
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
 <<
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
 <<

-  \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
+  \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {

     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     c4
     <<
     \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
     c4
     <<


@@ -1021,8 +1126,10 @@ This is achieved with
 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
 containing the triplet.
 
 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
 containing the triplet.
 

-Again, the command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in
-this case.
+This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
+case.  In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
+later than expected.  This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
+bug.

 
 @example
 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
 
 @example
 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{


@@ -1112,8 +1219,8 @@ text = \lyricmode {
 
 \markup {
   \fill-line {
 
 \markup {
   \fill-line {

-    \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin; can be removed if
-        % space on the page is tight
+    \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin; 
+        % can be removed if space on the page is tight

      \column {
       \line { \bold "2."
         \column {
      \column {
       \line { \bold "2."
         \column {


@@ -1129,9 +1236,9 @@ text = \lyricmode {
         }
       }
     }
         }
       }
     }

-    \hspace #0.1  % adds horizontal spacing between columns; if they are
-        % still too close, add more " " pairs until the result 
-        % looks good
+    \hspace #0.1  % adds horizontal spacing between columns; 
+        % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs  
+        % until the result looks good

      \column {
       \line { \bold "4."
         \column {
      \column {
       \line { \bold "4."
         \column {


@@ -1147,8 +1254,8 @@ text = \lyricmode {
         }
       }
     }
         }
       }
     }

-  \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin; can
-      % be removed if page space is tight
+  \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin; 
+      % can be removed if page space is tight

   }
 }
 @end lilypond
   }
 }
 @end lilypond


@@ -1156,8 +1263,9 @@ text = \lyricmode {
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso
 

-Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{StanzaNumber},
-@internalsref{VocalName}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{LyricText},
+@rinternals{StanzaNumber}.