Merge commit 'origin' into beamlets2

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / user / staff.itely

diff --git a/Documentation/user/staff.itely b/Documentation/user/staff.itely
index 3f61028eda1fb3eb73dedc024536586046a6b2f3..27d0bac4c18115a4df12d819b777ee1cb484d64a 100644 (file)
--- a/Documentation/user/staff.itely
+++ b/Documentation/user/staff.itely
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 
     version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
 @end ignore
 

-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.11.65"

 
 @node Staff notation
 @section Staff notation
 
 @lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
 
 
 @node Staff notation
 @section Staff notation
 
 @lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
 

-This section explains how to influence the staff appearance, print
-scores with more than one staff, and how to apply specific
-performance marks to single staves.
+This section explains how to influence the appearance of staves,
+how to print scores with more than one staff, and how to add tempo
+indications and cue notes to staves.

 
 @menu
 * Displaying staves::
 
 @menu
 * Displaying staves::


@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ performance marks to single staves.
 @node Displaying staves
 @subsection Displaying staves
 
 @node Displaying staves
 @subsection Displaying staves
 

-This section shows the different possibilities of creating and
-grouping staves, which are marked at the beginning of each line
-with either a bracket or a brace.
+This section describes the different methods of creating and
+grouping staves.

 
 @menu
 * Instantiating new staves::
 * Grouping staves::
 
 @menu
 * Instantiating new staves::
 * Grouping staves::

-* Deeper nested staff groups::
+* Nested staff groups::

 @end menu
 
 @end menu
 

+

 @node Instantiating new staves
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Instantiating new staves
 
 @node Instantiating new staves
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Instantiating new staves
 


@@ -62,9 +62,10 @@ The basic staff context is @code{Staff}:
 \new Staff { c4 d e f }
 @end lilypond
 
 \new Staff { c4 d e f }
 @end lilypond
 

-@code{DrumStaff} creates a five-line staff set up for a
-typical drum set.  It uses different names for each instrument.
-The instrument names are set using the @code{\drummode} command.
+The @code{DrumStaff} context creates a five-line staff set up for
+a typical drum set.  Each instrument is shown with a different
+symbol.  The instruments are entered in drum mode following a
+@code{\drummode} command, with each instrument specified by name.

 For details, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 For details, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]


@@ -73,14 +74,6 @@ For details, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

-@c FIXME: remove when mentioned in NR 2.8
-@code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} creates a staff to notate
-modern Gregorian chant.  It does not show bar lines.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f }
-@end lilypond
-

 @code{RhythmicStaff} creates a single-line staff that only
 displays the rhythmic values of the input.  Real durations are
 preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
 @code{RhythmicStaff} creates a single-line staff that only
 displays the rhythmic values of the input.  Real durations are
 preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.


@@ -100,13 +93,18 @@ There are two staff contexts specific for the notation of ancient
 music: @code{MensuralStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}.  They are
 described in @ref{Pre-defined contexts}.
 
 music: @code{MensuralStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}.  They are
 described in @ref{Pre-defined contexts}.
 

-Staves can be started or stopped at any point in the score.  The
-commands @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} are used for
-this purpose.  For details, see @ref{Staff symbol}.
+The @code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} context creates a staff to
+notate modern Gregorian chant.  It does not show bar lines.

 
 

+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f e d }
+@end lilypond
+
+New single staff contexts may be defined.  For details, see
+@ref{Defining new contexts}.

 
 

-@seealso

 
 

+@seealso

 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{staff},
 @rglos{staves}.
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{staff},
 @rglos{staves}.


@@ -114,12 +112,13 @@ Music Glossary:
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Creating contexts},
 @ref{Percussion staves},
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Creating contexts},
 @ref{Percussion staves},

+@ref{Showing melody rhythms},

 @ref{Default tablatures},
 @ref{Default tablatures},

+@ref{Pre-defined contexts},
+@ref{Staff symbol},

 @ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
 @ref{Mensural contexts},
 @ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
 @ref{Mensural contexts},

-@ref{Staff symbol},
-@ref{Pre-defined contexts},
-@ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
+@ref{Defining new contexts}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.


@@ -197,13 +196,13 @@ lines are connected between the staves.
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

-The @code{PianoStaff} is almost identical to a @code{GrandStaff},
-except that it supports printing the instrument name directly.
-For details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
+The @code{PianoStaff} is identical to a @code{GrandStaff}, except
+that it supports printing the instrument name directly.  For
+details, see @ref{Instrument names}.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \new PianoStaff <<
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \new PianoStaff <<

-  \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano"
+  \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"

   \new Staff { c1 c }
   \new Staff { c1 c }
 >>
   \new Staff { c1 c }
   \new Staff { c1 c }
 >>


@@ -216,6 +215,9 @@ Each staff group context sets the property
 @code{SystemStartSquare}, is also available, but it must be
 explicitly specified.
 
 @code{SystemStartSquare}, is also available, but it must be
 explicitly specified.
 

+New staff group contexts may be defined.  For details, see
+@ref{Defining new contexts}.
+

 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 


@@ -232,36 +234,35 @@ explicitly specified.
 
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
 
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}

-@c FIXME: move to NR 2.8.x when sectioning is ready

 
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{brace},
 @rglos{bracket},
 @rglos{grand staff}.
 
 Notation Reference:
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{brace},
 @rglos{bracket},
 @rglos{grand staff}.
 
 Notation Reference:

-@ref{Instrument names}.
+@ref{Instrument names},
+@ref{Defining new contexts}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Staff},
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Staff},

+@rinternals{StaffGroup},

 @rinternals{ChoirStaff},
 @rinternals{GrandStaff},
 @rinternals{PianoStaff},
 @rinternals{ChoirStaff},
 @rinternals{GrandStaff},
 @rinternals{PianoStaff},

-@rinternals{StaffGroup},

 @rinternals{SystemStartBar},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
 @rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
 
 
 @rinternals{SystemStartBar},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
 @rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
 
 

-@node Deeper nested staff groups
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Deeper nested staff groups
+@node Nested staff groups
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Nested staff groups

 
 @cindex staff, nested
 @cindex staves, nested
 
 @cindex staff, nested
 @cindex staves, nested


@@ -270,42 +271,29 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex nested staff brackets
 @cindex brackets, nesting of
 @cindex braces, nesting of
 @cindex nested staff brackets
 @cindex brackets, nesting of
 @cindex braces, nesting of

-@cindex inner staff group
-@cindex inner choir staff group
-
-Two additional staff-group contexts are available that can be
-nested within a @code{StaffGroup} or @code{ChoirStaff} context:
-@code{InnerStaffGroup} and @code{InnerChoirStaff}.  These contexts
-create an additional bracket next to the original bracket of their
-parent staff group.

 
 

-An @code{InnerStaffGroup} is treated similarly to a
-@code{StaffGroup}; bar lines are connected between each stave
-within the context:
+Staff-group contexts can be nested to arbitrary depths.  In this
+case, each child context creates a new bracket adjacent to the
+bracket of its parent group.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \new StaffGroup <<
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \new StaffGroup <<

-  \new Staff { c2 c }
-  \new InnerStaffGroup <<
-    \new Staff { g2 g }
-    \new Staff { e2 e }
+  \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+  \new StaffGroup <<
+    \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
+    \new StaffGroup \with {
+      systemStartDelimiter = #'SystemStartSquare
+    }
+    <<
+      \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
+      \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+    >>

   >>
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
   >>
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

-Bar lines are @emph{not} connected between staves of an
-@code{InnerChoirStaff}, just like a @code{ChoirStaff}:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new ChoirStaff <<
-  \new Staff { c2 c }
-  \new InnerChoirStaff <<
-    \new Staff { g2 g }
-    \new Staff { e2 e }
-  >>
-  \new Staff { c1 }
->>
-@end lilypond
+New nested staff group contexts can be defined.  For details, see
+@ref{Defining new contexts}.

 
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets


@@ -315,22 +303,21 @@ Bar lines are @emph{not} connected between staves of an
 
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Grouping staves},
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Grouping staves},

-@ref{Instrument names}.
+@ref{Instrument names},
+@ref{Defining new contexts}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Internals Reference:

-@rinternals{InnerStaffGroup},

 @rinternals{StaffGroup},
 @rinternals{StaffGroup},

-@rinternals{InnerChoirStaff},

 @rinternals{ChoirStaff},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBar},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
 @rinternals{ChoirStaff},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBar},
 @rinternals{SystemStartBrace},

-@rinternals{SystemStartBracket}.
+@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
+@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.

 
 
 @node Modifying single staves
 
 
 @node Modifying single staves


@@ -366,11 +353,10 @@ sections are also described.
 @cindex spacing of ledger lines
 @cindex number of staff lines
 
 @cindex spacing of ledger lines
 @cindex number of staff lines
 

-The grob @code{StaffSymbol} is responsible for drawing the lines
-of a staff.  Its properties can be altered in order to change the
-appearance of a staff, but they must be changed before the staff
-is created.  A staff may be started or stopped at any point in the
-score.
+The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob.
+@code{StaffSymbol} properties can be modified to change the
+appearance of a staff, but they must be modified before the staff
+is created.

 
 The number of staff lines may be changed.  The clef position and
 the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
 
 The number of staff lines may be changed.  The clef position and
 the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new


@@ -378,31 +364,13 @@ staff.  For an explanation, refer to the snippet section in
 @ref{Clef}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 @ref{Clef}.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]

-\new Staff {
-  \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
-  d4 d d d
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-The vertical position of staff lines and the number of staff lines
-can be defined at the same time.  As the example shows, the
-positions of the notes are not influenced by the position of the
-staff lines.  Details for modifying this property are found in
-@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
-
-@warning{The @code{'line-positions} property overrides the
-@code{'line-count} property.  The number of staff lines is
-implicitly defined by the number of elements in the list of values
-for @code{'line-positions}}
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]

 \new Staff \with {
 \new Staff \with {

-  \override StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(7 3 0 -4 -6 -7)
+  \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3

 }
 }

-{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
+{ d4 d d d }

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

-The staff line thickness can be modified.  The thickness of ledger
+Staff line thickness can be modified.  The thickness of ledger

 lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
 thickness.
 
 lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
 thickness.
 


@@ -413,9 +381,10 @@ thickness.
 { e4 d c b }
 @end lilypond
 
 { e4 d c b }
 @end lilypond
 

-The thickness of ledger lines can be set independently of staff
-line thickness.  A description of this property is also found in
-@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
+thickness.  In the example the two numbers are factors multiplying
+the staff line thickness and the staff line spacing.  The two
+contributions are added to give the ledger line thickness.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
 \new Staff \with {
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
 \new Staff \with {


@@ -424,8 +393,8 @@ line thickness.  A description of this property is also found in
 { e4 d c b }
 @end lilypond
 
 { e4 d c b }
 @end lilypond
 

-The distance between staff lines can be changed.  The setting has
-influence on ledger lines as well.
+The distance between staff lines can be changed.  This setting
+affects the spacing of ledger lines as well.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
 \new Staff \with {
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
 \new Staff \with {


@@ -434,16 +403,11 @@ influence on ledger lines as well.
 { a4 b c d }
 @end lilypond
 
 { a4 b c d }
 @end lilypond
 

-The width of a staff can be adjusted.  The unit is one staff
-space.  The spacing of objects inside the staff is not influenced
-by this setting.
+Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
+found in @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
-  \override StaffSymbol #'width = #23
-}
-{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
-@end lilypond
+@funindex \startStaff
+@funindex \stopStaff

 
 Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
 placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
 
 Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
 placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:


@@ -460,13 +424,25 @@ b2 b
 a2 a
 @end lilypond
 
 a2 a
 @end lilypond
 

+@cindex stopping a staff

 
 

-@predefined
+@noindent
+In general, @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} can be used
+to stop or start a staff in the middle of a score.

 
 

-@funindex \startStaff
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c4 b a2
+\stopStaff
+b4 c d2
+\startStaff
+e4 d c2
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@predefined

 @code{\startStaff},
 @code{\startStaff},

-@funindex \stopStaff

 @code{\stopStaff}.
 @code{\stopStaff}.

+@endpredefined

 
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets


@@ -476,14 +452,13 @@ a2 a
 
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{line},
 @rglos{ledger line},
 @rglos{staff}.
 
 Notation Reference:
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{line},
 @rglos{ledger line},
 @rglos{staff}.
 
 Notation Reference:

-@ref{Displaying pitches}.
+@ref{Clef}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.


@@ -495,9 +470,9 @@ Internals Reference:
 
 @knownissues
 
 
 @knownissues
 

-When setting staff lines manually, bar lines are always drawn
-centered on the position 0, so the maximum distance of the bar
-lines in either direction must be equal.
+When setting vertical staff line positions manually, bar lines are
+always centered on position 0, so the maximum distance between the
+outermost bar lines in either direction must be equal.

 
 
 @node Ossia staves
 
 
 @node Ossia staves


@@ -523,7 +498,8 @@ staff in the appropriate location:
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

-However, the above example is usually not the desired result.  To
+@noindent
+However, the above example is not what is usually desired.  To

 create ossia staves that are above the original staff, have no
 time signature or clef, and have a smaller font size, tweaks must
 be used.  The Learning Manual describes a specific technique to
 create ossia staves that are above the original staff, have no
 time signature or clef, and have a smaller font size, tweaks must
 be used.  The Learning Manual describes a specific technique to


@@ -566,7 +542,7 @@ example.
 <<
   \new Staff = ossia \with {
     \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
 <<
   \new Staff = ossia \with {
     \remove "Time_signature_engraver"

-    \remove "Clef_engraver"
+    \override Clef #'transparent = ##t

     fontSize = #-3
     \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
     \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
     fontSize = #-3
     \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
     \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)


@@ -594,47 +570,6 @@ example.
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

-@c The following is the legacy "ossia.ly" example
-@c
-@c I don't think this method is very efficient.
-@c I'm commenting it out for now.  -pm
-
-@ignore
-
-@ lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-<<
-  \new Staff \with
-  {
-    %No time signature in the ossia staff
-    \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
-    fontSize = #-3
-    \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
-    \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
-    firstClef = ##f
-  }
-  \relative c'' {
-    \stopStaff
-    \skip 2
-
-    \startStaff
-    \clef treble
-    bes8[^"ossia" g bes g]
-    \stopStaff
-
-    s2
-
-    \startStaff
-    f8 d g4
-  }
-  \new Staff \relative c'' {
-    \time 2/4
-    c4 c g' g a a g2
-  }
->>
-@ end lilypond
-
-@end ignore
-

 Using the @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command to create ossia
 staves may be used as an alternative.  This method is most
 convenient when ossia staves occur immediately following a line
 Using the @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command to create ossia
 staves may be used as an alternative.  This method is most
 convenient when ossia staves occur immediately following a line


@@ -647,7 +582,7 @@ more information about @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext}, see
 <<
   \new Staff = ossia \with {
     \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
 <<
   \new Staff = ossia \with {
     \remove "Time_signature_engraver"

-    \remove "Clef_engraver"
+    \override Clef #'transparent = ##t

     fontSize = #-3
     \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
     \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
     fontSize = #-3
     \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
     \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)


@@ -683,7 +618,6 @@ more information about @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext}, see
 
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{ossia},
 @rglos{staff},
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{ossia},
 @rglos{staff},


@@ -695,7 +629,7 @@ Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{Length and thickness of objects}.
 
 Notation Reference:
 @rlearning{Length and thickness of objects}.
 
 Notation Reference:

-@ref{Setting the staff size}.
+@ref{Hiding staves}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.


@@ -707,22 +641,35 @@ Internals Reference:
 @node Hiding staves
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hiding staves
 
 @node Hiding staves
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hiding staves
 

-@cindex Frenched scores
+@cindex Frenched score
+@cindex Frenched staff

 @cindex staff, hiding
 @cindex staff, empty
 @cindex hiding of staves
 @cindex empty staves
 @cindex staff, hiding
 @cindex staff, empty
 @cindex hiding of staves
 @cindex empty staves

-@cindex Frenched staves

 
 

-In orchestral scores, staff lines that only have rests are usually
-removed in order to save some space.  This style is called
-@q{French Score}.  For the @code{Lyrics}, @code{ChordNames}, and
-@code{FiguredBass} contexts, this is switched on by default.
+Staff lines can be hidden by removing the
+@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context.  As an
+alternative, @code{\stopStaff} may be used.

 
 

-For other staff contexts, this behavior is set with the
-@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command.  It is set in the
-@code{\layout} block.  As a result, empty staves or staves
-containing multi-measure rests are removed after a line break.
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+  \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+}
+\relative c''' { a8 f e16 d c b a2 }
+@end lilypond
+
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+
+Empty staves can be hidden by setting the
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command in the @code{\layout}
+block.  In orchestral scores, this style is known as @q{Frenched
+Score}.  By default, this command hides and removes all empty
+staves in a score except for those in the first system.
+
+@warning{A staff is considered empty when it contains only
+multi-measure rests, skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these
+elements.}

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
 \layout {
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
 \layout {


@@ -730,53 +677,54 @@ containing multi-measure rests are removed after a line break.
     \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
   }
 }
     \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
   }
 }

-\relative c'' {
-  <<
-    \new Staff { e4 f g a \break c1 }
-    \new Staff { c4 d e f \break R1 }
-  >>
-}
-@end lilypond

 
 

-To remove other types of contexts, use
-@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} or
-@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
+\relative c' <<
+  \new Staff {
+    e4 f g a \break
+    b1 \break
+    a4 b c2
+  }
+  \new Staff {
+    c,4 d e f \break
+    R1 \break
+    f4 g c,2
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond

 
 @cindex ossia
 
 
 @cindex ossia
 

-Another application of @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} is to make
-ossia sections, i.e., alternative melodies on a separate piece of
-staff, with help of a Frenched staff.  For details, see
-@ref{Ossia staves}.
-
-Staff lines can be made invisible by removing the
-@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context:
+@noindent
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} can also be used to create ossia
+sections for a staff.  For details, see @ref{Ossia staves}.

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff \with {
-  \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
-}
-\relative c'' { c8 c c16 c c c c2 }
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@snippets
+@cindex hiding ancient staves
+@cindex hiding rhythmic staves
+@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext

 
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
+The @code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} command may be used to
+hide empty staves in ancient music contexts.  Similarly,
+@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext} may be used to hide empty
+@code{RhythmicStaff} contexts.

 
 
 @predefined
 
 
 @predefined

-
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext

 @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},
 @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},

-@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext

 @code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},
 @code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},

-@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext

 @code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
 @code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.

+@endpredefined
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}

 
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso

+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{Frenched staff}.

 
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Staff symbol},
 
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Staff symbol},


@@ -790,7 +738,21 @@ Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{FiguredBass},
 @rinternals{Lyrics},
 @rinternals{Staff},
 @rinternals{FiguredBass},
 @rinternals{Lyrics},
 @rinternals{Staff},

-@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup}.
+@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup},
+@rinternals{Staff_symbol_engraver}.
+
+
+@knownissues
+
+Removing @code{Staff_symbol_engraver} also hides bar lines.  If
+bar line visibility is forced, formatting errors may occur.  In
+this case, use the following overrides instead of removing the
+engraver:
+
+@example
+\override StaffSymbol #'stencil = ##f
+\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
+@end example

 
 
 @node Writing parts
 
 
 @node Writing parts


@@ -817,30 +779,40 @@ format cue notes are also described.
 @cindex metronome marking with text
 @funindex \tempo
 
 @cindex metronome marking with text
 @funindex \tempo
 

-Basic metronome markings can be entered as follows:
+A basic metronome mark is simple to write:

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\tempo 2 = 120
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\tempo 4 = 120
+c2 d
+e4. d8 c2

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

-Textual tempo indications can be used instead:
+Tempo indications with text can be used instead:

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \tempo "Allegretto"
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \tempo "Allegretto"

-d2 c
+c4 e d c
+b4. a16 b c4 r4

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

-The combination of a metronome marking and textual description
-will automatically place the metronome marking within parentheses:
+Combining a metronome mark and text will automatically place the
+metronome mark within parentheses:

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \tempo "Allegro" 4 = 160
 g4 c d e
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \tempo "Allegro" 4 = 160
 g4 c d e

+d4 b g2
+@end lilypond
+
+In general, the text can be any markup object:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\tempo \markup { \italic Faster } 4 = 132
+a8-. r8 b-. r gis-. r a-. r

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

-To write a metronome marking in parentheses without the text,
-include an empty string in the input:
+A parenthesized metronome mark with no textual indication may be
+written by including an empty string in the input:

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \tempo "" 8 = 96
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
 \tempo "" 8 = 96


@@ -855,31 +827,16 @@ d4 g e c
 
 @c perhaps also an example of how to move it horizontally?
 
 
 @c perhaps also an example of how to move it horizontally?
 

-@c TODO add snippet to LSR -pm
-To change the tempo in the MIDI output without printing anything,
-make the metronome marking invisible
-
-@example
-\once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'transparent = ##t
-@end example
-
-@c TODO add snippet to LSR -pm
-To print other metronome markings, use these markup commands
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-the-tempo-without-a-metronome-mark.ly}

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4^\markup {
-  (
-  \smaller \general-align #Y #DOWN \note #"16." #1
-  =
-  \smaller \general-align #Y #DOWN \note #"8" #1
-  ) }
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{creating-metronome-marks-in-markup-mode.ly}

 
 For more details, see @ref{Formatting text}.
 
 
 @seealso
 
 For more details, see @ref{Formatting text}.
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{metronome},
 @rglos{metronomic indication},
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{metronome},
 @rglos{metronomic indication},


@@ -903,17 +860,17 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex instrument names
 @cindex instrument names, short
 
 @cindex instrument names
 @cindex instrument names, short
 

-Instrument names can be printed on the left side of staves for the
+Instrument names can be printed on the left side of staves in the

 @code{Staff} and @code{PianoStaff} contexts.  The value of
 @code{instrumentName} is used for the first staff, and the value
 of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
 @code{Staff} and @code{PianoStaff} contexts.  The value of
 @code{instrumentName} is used for the first staff, and the value
 of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]

-\set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin "
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Vln "
-c1
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin "
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Vln "
+c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16

 \break
 \break

-c''1
+c1

 @end lilypond
 
 Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
 @end lilypond
 
 Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument


@@ -923,7 +880,7 @@ names:
 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
   \column { "Clarinetti"
             \line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
   \column { "Clarinetti"
             \line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }

-c1
+c4 c,16 d e f g2

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex instrument names, centering
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex instrument names, centering


@@ -931,20 +888,20 @@ c1
 When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the
 instrument names and short instrument names are centered by
 default.  To center multi-line instrument names,
 When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the
 instrument names and short instrument names are centered by
 default.  To center multi-line instrument names,

-@code{\center-align} must be used:
+@code{\center-column} must be used:

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]

 <<
   \new Staff {
 <<
   \new Staff {

-    \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-align {
-      Clarinetti
-      \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
-    }
-    c1
+    \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
+    f2 g4 f

   }
   \new Staff {
   }
   \new Staff {

-    \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vibraphone"
-    c1
+    \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
+      Clarinet
+      \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+    }
+    c4 b c2

   }
 >>
 @end lilypond
   }
 >>
 @end lilypond


@@ -952,28 +909,31 @@ default.  To center multi-line instrument names,
 @cindex indent
 @cindex short-indent
 
 @cindex indent
 @cindex short-indent
 

-The @code{indent} and @code{short-indent} settings specify the
-level of indentation for the first system and all succeeding
-systems, respectively.  They can be modified in the @code{\layout}
-block.  For longer instrument names or short instrument names, it
-may be useful to increase the @code{indent} and
-@code{short-indent} settings:
+However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names
+in a staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
+@code{short-indent} settings are increased.  For details about
+these settings, see @ref{Horizontal dimensions}.

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' <<
-  \new Staff \with {
-    instrumentName = "Oboe"
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\layout {
+  indent = 3.0\cm
+  short-indent = 1.5\cm
+}
+
+\relative c'' <<
+  \new Staff {
+    \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
+    \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Fl."
+    f2 g4 f \break
+    g4 f g2

   }
   }

-  { c2 d }
-  \new Staff \with {
-    instrumentName = "Glockenspiel"
+  \new Staff {
+    \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+    \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
+    c,4 b c2 \break
+    c2 b4 c

   }
   }

-  { c'2 d }

 >>
 >>

-
-\layout {
-  indent = 2.5\cm
-}

 @end lilypond
 
 To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
 @end lilypond
 
 To add instrument names to other contexts (such as


@@ -986,26 +946,57 @@ For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
 Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
 Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]

-\set Staff.instrumentName = "First"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "one"
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"First"
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"one"

 c1 c c c \break
 c1 c c c \break
 c1 c c c \break
 c1 c c c \break

-\set Staff.instrumentName = "Second"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "two"
+\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Second"
+\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"two"

 c1 c c c \break
 c1 c c c \break
 @end lilypond
 
 c1 c c c \break
 c1 c c c \break
 @end lilypond
 

+@cindex instrument switch
+@cindex switching instruments

 
 

-@snippets
+If an instrument @emph{switch} is needed,
+@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} may be used in combination with
+@code{\instrumentSwitch} to create a detailed list of the
+necessary changes for the switch.  The
+@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} command has two arguments: an
+identifying string, and an association list of context properties
+and values to be used for the instrument.  It must be placed in
+the toplevel scope.  @code{\instrumentSwitch} is used in the music
+expression to declare the instrument switch:

 
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{aligning-and-centering-instrument-names.ly}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\addInstrumentDefinition #"contrabassoon"
+  #`((instrumentTransposition . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 0))
+     (shortInstrumentName . "Cbsn.")
+     (clefGlyph . "clefs.F")
+     (middleCPosition . 6)
+     (clefPosition . 2)
+     (instrumentCueName . ,(make-bold-markup "cbsn."))
+     (midiInstrument . "bassoon"))
+
+\new Staff \with {
+  instrumentName = #"Bassoon"
+}
+\relative c' {
+  \clef tenor
+  \compressFullBarRests
+  c2 g'
+  R1*16
+  \instrumentSwitch "contrabassoon"
+  c,,2 g \break
+  c,1 ~ | c1
+}
+@end lilypond

 
 
 @seealso
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Notation Reference:
 Notation Reference:

+@ref{Horizontal dimensions},

 @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
 
 Snippets:
 @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
 
 Snippets:


@@ -1025,28 +1016,34 @@ Internals Reference:
 @cindex fragments
 @cindex cue notes
 
 @cindex fragments
 @cindex cue notes
 

-Quotations allow fragments of other parts to be inserted directly
-into a music expression.  Before a part can be quoted, the
-@code{\addQuote} command must be used to initialize the quoted
-fragment.  This command must be used in the toplevel scope.  The
-first argument is an identifying string, and the second is a music
-expression:
+It is very common for one voice to double some of the music from
+another voice.  For example, the first and second violins may play the
+same notes during a passage of music.  In LilyPond this is accomplished
+by letting one voice @emph{quote} the other voice without having to
+re-enter it.
+
+Before a part can be quoted, the @code{\addQuote} command must be used
+to initialize the quoted fragment.  This command must be used in the
+toplevel scope.  The first argument is an identifying string, and the
+second is a music expression:

 
 @example
 
 @example

-flute = \relative c' @{
-  f4 fis g gis
+flute = \relative c'' @{
+  a4 gis g gis

 @}
 \addQuote "flute" @{ \flute @}
 @end example
 
 @}
 \addQuote "flute" @{ \flute @}
 @end example
 

-The @code{\quoteDuring} command may then be used to indicate when
-the quotation should take place.  The corresponding measures from
-the quotation are inserted into the music expression.  The syntax
-is similar to @code{\addQuote}:
+The @code{\quoteDuring} command is used to indicate the point where the
+quotation begins.  It is followed by two arguments: the name of the
+quoted voice, as defined with @code{\addQuote}, and a music expression
+that indicates the duration of the quote, usually spacer rests or
+multi-measure rests.  The corresponding music from the quoted voice is
+inserted into the music expression:

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]

-flute = \relative c' {
-  f4 fis g gis
+flute = \relative c'' {
+  a4 gis g gis

 }
 \addQuote "flute" { \flute }
 
 }
 \addQuote "flute" { \flute }
 


@@ -1060,8 +1057,8 @@ anything but a spacer rest or multi-measure rest, a polyphonic
 situation is created, which is often not desirable:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 situation is created, which is often not desirable:
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]

-flute = \relative c' {
-  f4 fis g gis
+flute = \relative c'' {
+  a4 gis g gis

 }
 \addQuote "flute" { \flute }
 
 }
 \addQuote "flute" { \flute }
 


@@ -1071,13 +1068,14 @@ flute = \relative c' {
 @end lilypond
 
 Quotations recognize instrument transposition settings for both
 @end lilypond
 
 Quotations recognize instrument transposition settings for both

-the source and target instruments if they are specified using the
-@code{\transposition} command:
+the source and target instruments if the @code{\transposition}
+command is used.  For details about @code{\transposition}, see
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]

-clarinet = \relative c' {
+clarinet = \relative c'' {

   \transposition bes
   \transposition bes

-  f4 fis g gis
+  a4 gis g gis

 }
 \addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinet }
 
 }
 \addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinet }
 


@@ -1086,22 +1084,9 @@ clarinet = \relative c' {
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

-@c add to snippets, possibly.  It might already be there.  -pm
-@c
-@c The type of events that are present in the quoted music can be
-@c trimmed with the @code{quotedEventTypes} property.  The default
-@c value is @code{(note-event rest-event)}, which means that only
-@c notes and rests of the quoted voice end up in the
-@c @code{\quoteDuring}.  Setting
-@c
-@c @example
-@c \set Staff.quotedEventTypes =
-@c        #'(note-event articulation-event dynamic-event)
-@c @end example
-@c
-@c @noindent
-@c will quote notes (but no rests), together with scripts and
-@c dynamics.
+It is possible to tag quotations with unique names in order to
+process them in different ways.  For details about this procedure,
+see @ref{Using tags}.

 
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets


@@ -1109,14 +1094,20 @@ clarinet = \relative c' {
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {quoting-another-voice-with-transposition.ly}
 
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {quoting-another-voice-with-transposition.ly}
 

+@cindex note-event
+@cindex articulation-event
+@cindex dynamic-event
+@cindex rest-event
+@funindex quotedEventTypes
+

 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {quoting-another-voice.ly}
 
 
 @seealso
 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
 {quoting-another-voice.ly}
 
 
 @seealso

-

 Notation Reference:
 Notation Reference:

-@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
+@ref{Instrument transpositions},
+@ref{Using tags}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.


@@ -1152,13 +1143,13 @@ written entirely in lower-case letters: @code{\addquote}.
 @cindex quoting other voices
 @cindex cues, formatting
 
 @cindex quoting other voices
 @cindex cues, formatting
 

-The previous section explains how to quote other voices.  The
+The previous section explains how to create quotations.  The

 @code{\cueDuring} command is a more specialized form of
 @code{\quoteDuring}, being particularly useful for inserting cue
 notes into a part.  The syntax is as follows:
 
 @example
 @code{\cueDuring} command is a more specialized form of
 @code{\quoteDuring}, being particularly useful for inserting cue
 notes into a part.  The syntax is as follows:
 
 @example

-  \cueDuring #@var{partname} #@var{voice} @var{music}
+\cueDuring #@var{partname} #@var{voice} @var{music}

 @end example
 
 This command copies the corresponding measures from @var{partname}
 @end example
 
 This command copies the corresponding measures from @var{partname}


@@ -1166,8 +1157,8 @@ into a @code{CueVoice} context.  The @code{CueVoice} is created
 implicitly, and occurs simultaneously with @var{music}, which
 creates a polyphonic situation.  The @var{voice} argument
 determines whether the cue notes should be notated as a first or
 implicitly, and occurs simultaneously with @var{music}, which
 creates a polyphonic situation.  The @var{voice} argument
 determines whether the cue notes should be notated as a first or

-second voice; @code{DOWN} corresponds to the first voice, and
-@code{UP} corresponds to the second.
+second voice; @code{UP} corresponds to the first voice, and
+@code{DOWN} corresponds to the second.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 oboe = \relative c'' {
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 oboe = \relative c'' {


@@ -1182,34 +1173,62 @@ oboe = \relative c'' {
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

+@noindent

 In the above example, the @code{Voice} context had to be
 explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
 belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
 
 In the above example, the @code{Voice} context had to be
 explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
 belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
 

-@c TODO document \killCues
-@c TODO document instrumentCueName context property
+The name of the cued instrument can be printed by setting the
+@code{instrumentCueName} property in the @code{CueVoice} context.

 
 

-When typesetting cue notes, some guidelines should be followed:
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+oboe = \relative c''' {
+  g4 r8 e16 f e4 d
+}
+\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }

 
 

-@itemize
-@item
-The instrument playing the cue should be clearly marked on the
-score.
+\new Staff \relative c'' <<
+  \new CueVoice \with {
+    instrumentCueName = "ob."
+  }
+  \new Voice {
+    \cueDuring #"oboe" #UP { R1 }
+    g4. b8 d2
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+In addition to printing the name of the cued instrument, when cue
+notes end, the name of the original instrument should be printed,
+and any other changes introduced by the cued part should be
+undone.  This can be accomplished by using
+@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} and @code{\instrumentSwitch}.  For
+an example and explanation, see @ref{Instrument names}.

 
 

-@item
-When the cue notes end, the name of the original instrument should
-be indicated.
+The @code{\killCues} command removes cue notes from a music
+expression.  This can be useful if cue notes need to be removed
+from a part but may be restored at a later time.

 
 

-@item
-Any other changes introduced by the cued part should also be
-undone.  For example, if the cued instrument plays in a different
-clef, the original clef should be stated once again.
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+flute = \relative c''' {
+  r2 cis2 r2 dis2
+}
+\addQuote "flute" { \flute }

 
 

-@end itemize
+\new Voice \relative c'' {
+  \killCues {
+    \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
+    g4. b8 d2
+  }
+}
+@end lilypond

 
 

-The @code{\transposedCueDuring} command is useful to add cues for
-instruments in a completely different register.  Having piccolo
-cues within a contrabassoon part is a good example.
+The @code{\transposedCueDuring} command is useful for adding
+instrumental cues from a completely different register.  The
+syntax is similar to @code{\cueDuring}, but it requires one extra
+argument to specify the transposition of the cued instrument.  For
+more information about transposition, see
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.

 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 piccolo = \relative c''' {
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 piccolo = \relative c''' {


@@ -1233,17 +1252,26 @@ cbassoon = \relative c, {
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

+It is possible to tag cued parts with unique names in order to
+process them in different ways.  For details about this procedure,
+see @ref{Using tags}.
+

 
 @seealso
 
 @seealso

+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Instrument transpositions},
+@ref{Instrument names},
+@ref{Using tags}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Staff notation}.
 
 Internals Reference:

+@rinternals{CueVoice},

 @rinternals{Voice}.
 
 
 @knownissues
 
 @rinternals{Voice}.
 
 
 @knownissues
 

-Collisions are not checked between @code{Voice} and
-@code{CueVoice} contexts.
+Collisions can occur with rests, when using @code{\cueDuring},
+between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts.