+@syntax
+
+Syntactically, ligatures are simply enclosed by @code{\[} and
+@code{\]}. Some ligature styles (such as Editio Vaticana) may need
+additional input syntax specific for this particular type of ligature.
+By default, the @internalsref{LigatureBracket} engraver just puts a
+square bracket above the ligature.
+
+@lilypond[singleline,verbatim]
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ \[ g c a f d' \]
+ a g f
+ \[ e f a g \]
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+To select a specific style of ligatures, a proper ligature engraver
+has to be added to the @internalsref{Voice} context, as explained in
+the following subsections. Currently, only white mensural ligatures
+are supported with certain limitations. Support for Editio Vaticana
+will be added in the future.
+
+@menu
+* White mensural ligatures::
+* Gregorian square neumes ligatures::
+@end menu
+
+@node White mensural ligatures
+@subsubsection White mensural ligatures
+
+@cindex Mensural ligatures
+@cindex White mensural ligatures
+
+There is limited support for white mensural ligatures. The
+implementation is still experimental; it currently may output strange
+warnings or even crash in some cases or produce weird results on more
+complex ligatures. To engrave white mensural ligatures, in the paper
+block the @internalsref{Mensural_ligature_engraver} has to be put into
+the @internalsref{Voice} context, and remove the
+@internalsref{Ligature_bracket_engraver}:
+
+@example
+ \paper @{
+ \translator @{
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Mensural_ligature_engraver
+ @}
+ @}
+@end example
+
+There is no additional input language to describe the shape of a
+white mensural ligature. The shape is rather determined solely from
+the pitch and duration of the enclosed notes. While this approach may
+take a new user a while to get accustomed, it has the great advantage
+that the full musical information of the ligature is known internally.
+This is not only required for correct MIDI output, but also allows for
+automatic transcription of the ligatures.
+
+Example:
+
+@example
+ \property Score.timing = ##f
+ \property Score.defaultBarType = "empty"
+ \property Voice.NoteHead \set #'style = #'neo_mensural
+ \property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'style = #'neo_mensural
+ \clef "petrucci_g"
+ \[ g\longa c\breve a\breve f\breve d'\longa \]
+ s4
+ \[ e1 f1 a\breve g\longa \]
+@end example
+@lilypond[singleline]
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ \property Score.timing = ##f
+ \property Score.defaultBarType = "empty"
+ \property Voice.NoteHead \set #'style = #'neo_mensural
+ \property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'style = #'neo_mensural
+ \clef "petrucci_g"
+ \[ g\longa c\breve a\breve f\breve d'\longa \]
+ s4
+ \[ e1 f1 a\breve g\longa \]
+ }
+ \paper {
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Mensural_ligature_engraver
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Without replacing @internalsref{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with
+@internalsref{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, the same music transcribes
+to the following:
+
+@lilypond[singleline]
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ \property Score.timing = ##f
+ \property Score.defaultBarType = "empty"
+ \property Voice.NoteHead \set #'style = #'neo_mensural
+ \property Staff.TimeSignature \set #'style = #'neo_mensural
+ \clef "petrucci_g"
+ \[ g\longa c\breve a\breve f\breve d'\longa \]
+ s4
+ \[ e1 f1 a\breve g\longa \]
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@node Gregorian square neumes ligatures
+@subsubsection Gregorian square neumes ligatures
+
+@cindex Square neumes ligatures
+@cindex Gregorian square neumes ligatures
+
+Gregorian square neumes notation (following the style of the Editio
+Vaticana) is under heavy development, but not yet really usable for
+production purposes. Core ligatures can already be typeset, but
+essential issues for serious typesetting are still under development,
+such as (among others) horizontal alignment of multiple ligatures,
+lyrics alignment and proper accidentals handling. Still, this section
+gives a sneak preview of what Gregorian chant may look like once it
+will work.
+
+The following table contains the extended neumes table of the 2nd
+volume of the Antiphonale Romanum (@emph{Liber Hymnarius}), published
+1983 by the monks of Solesmes.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions .4 .2 .2 .2
+
+@item
+@b{Neuma aut@*Neumarum Elementa} @tab
+@b{Figurae@*Rectae} @tab
+@b{Figurae@*Liquescentes Auctae} @tab
+@b{Figurae@*Liquescentes Deminutae}
+
+@c TODO: \paper block is identical in all of the below examples.
+@c Therefore, it should somehow be included rather than duplicated all
+@c the time. --jr
+
+@c why not make identifiers in ly/engraver-init.ly? --hwn
+
+@item
+@code{1. Punctum}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.5cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Punctum
+ \[ b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"a"} \noBreak
+
+ % Punctum Inclinatum
+ \[ \inclinatum b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"b"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=2.5cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Punctum Auctum Ascendens
+ \[ \auctum \ascendens b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"c"} \noBreak
+
+ % Punctum Auctum Descendens
+ \[ \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"d"} \noBreak
+
+ % Punctum Inclinatum Auctum
+ \[ \inclinatum \auctum b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"e"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Punctum Inclinatum Parvum
+ \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"f"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{2. Virga}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Virga
+ \[ \virga b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"g"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{3. Apostropha vel Stropha}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Stropha
+ \[ \stropha b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"h"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Stropha Aucta
+ \[ \stropha \auctum b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"i"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{4. Oriscus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Oriscus
+ \[ \oriscus b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"j"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{5. Clivis vel Flexa}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Clivis vel Flexa
+ \[ b \flexa g \]
+ s^\markup {"k"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=2.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Clivis Aucta Descendens
+ \[ b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"l"} \noBreak
+
+ % Clivis Aucta Ascendens
+ \[ b \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"m"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Cephalicus
+ \[ b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+ s^\markup {"n"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{6. Podatus vel Pes}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Podatus vel Pes
+ \[ g \pes b \]
+ s^\markup {"o"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=2.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Pes Auctus Descendens
+ \[ g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"p"} \noBreak
+
+ % Pes Auctus Ascendens
+ \[ g \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
+ \noBreak s^\markup {"q"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Epiphonus
+ \[ g \pes \deminutum b \]
+ s^\markup {"r"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{7. Pes Quassus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Pes Quassus
+ \[ \oriscus g \pes \virga b \]
+ s^\markup {"s"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Pes Quassus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ \oriscus g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ s^\markup {"t"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{8. Quilisma Pes}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Quilisma Pes
+ \[ \quilisma g \pes b \]
+ s^\markup {"u"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Quilisma Pes Auctus Descendens
+ \[ \quilisma g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ s^\markup {"v"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{9. Podatus Initio Debilis}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Pes Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum g \pes b \]
+ s^\markup {"w"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Pes Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ s^\markup {"x"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{10. Torculus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Torculus
+ \[ a \pes b \flexa g \]
+ s^\markup {"y"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Torculus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+ s^\markup {"z"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Torculus Deminutus
+ \[ a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+ s^\markup {"A"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{11. Torculus Initio Debilis}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Torculus Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa g \]
+ s^\markup {"B"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+ s^\markup {"C"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+ s^\markup {"D"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{12. Porrectus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Porrectus
+ \[ a \flexa g \pes b \]
+ s^\markup {"E"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Porrectus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ a \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ s^\markup {"F"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Porrectus Deminutus
+ \[ a \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
+ s^\markup {"G"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{13. Climacus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Climacus
+ \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
+ s^\markup {"H"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Climacus Auctus
+ \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
+ s^\markup {"I"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Climacus Deminutus
+ \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
+ s^\markup {"J"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{14. Scandicus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Scandicus
+ \[ g \pes a \virga b \]
+ s^\markup {"K"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Scandicus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ g \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ s^\markup {"L"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Scandicus Deminutus
+ \[ g \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
+ s^\markup {"M"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+@code{15. Salicus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Salicus
+ \[ g \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
+ s^\markup {"N"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Salicus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ g \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ s^\markup {"O"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+
+@item
+@code{16. Trigomus}
+@tab
+@lilypond[noindent, 26pt, nofragment, linewidth=1.0cm]
+\include "gregorian-init.ly"
+\score {
+ \notes \transpose c c' {
+ % Trigonus
+ \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha a \]
+ s^\markup {"P"}
+ }
+ \paper {
+ interscoreline = 1
+ \translator {
+ \ScoreContext
+ \remove "Bar_number_engraver"
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \StaffContext
+ \remove "Clef_engraver"
+ \remove "Key_engraver"
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+ \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
+ \remove "Bar_engraver"
+ minimumVerticalExtent = ##f
+ }
+ \translator {
+ \VoiceContext
+ \remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
+ \consists Vaticana_ligature_engraver
+ NoteHead \set #'style = #'vaticana_punctum
+ Stem \set #'transparent = ##t
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+@tab
+@tab
+
+@end multitable
+
+
+Unlike most other neumes notation systems, the input language for
+neumes does not necessarily reflect directly the typographical
+appearance, but is designed to solely focuse on musical meaning. For
+example, @code{\[ a \pes b \flexa g \]} produces a Torculus consisting
+of three Punctum heads, while @code{\[ a \flexa g \pes b \]} produces
+a torculus with a curved flexa shape and only a single Punctum head.
+There is no command to explicitly typeset the curved flexa shape; the
+decision of when to typeset a curved flexa shape is purely taken from
+the musical input. The idea of this approach is to separate the
+musical aspects of the input from the notation style of the output.
+This way, the same input can be reused to typeset the same music in a
+different style of Gregorian chant notation such as Hufnagel (also
+known as German gothic neumes) or Medicaea (kind of a very simple
+forerunner of the Editio Vaticana). As soon as Hufnagel ligature
+engraver and Medicaea ligature engraver will have been implemented, it
+will be as simple as replacing the ligature engraver in the
+VoiceContext to get the desired notation style from the same input.
+
+The following table shows the code fragments that produce the
+ligatures in the above neumes table. The letter in the first column
+in each line of the below table indicates to which ligature in the
+above table it refers. The second column gives the name of the
+ligature. The third column shows the code fragment that produces this
+ligature, using @code{g}, @code{a} and @code{b} as example pitches.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions .1 .4 .5
+
+@item
+@b{#} @tab
+@b{Name} @tab
+@b{Input Language}
+
+@item
+a @tab
+Punctum @tab
+@code{\[ b \]}
+
+@item
+b @tab
+Punctum Inclinatum @tab
+@code{\[ \inclinatum b \]}
+
+@item
+c @tab
+Punctum Auctum Ascendens @tab
+@code{\[ \auctum \ascendens b \]}
+
+@item
+d @tab
+Punctum Auctum Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ \auctum \descendens b \]}
+
+@item
+e @tab
+Punctum Inclinatum Auctum @tab
+@code{\[ \inclinatum \auctum b \]}
+
+@item
+f @tab
+Punctum Inclinatum Parvum @tab
+@code{\[ \inclinatum \deminutum b \]}
+
+@item
+g @tab
+Virga @tab
+@code{\[ \virga b \]}
+
+@item
+h @tab
+Stropha @tab
+@code{\[ \stropha b \]}
+
+@item
+i @tab
+Stropha Aucta @tab
+@code{\[ \stropha \auctum b \]}
+
+@item
+j @tab
+Oriscus @tab
+@code{\[ \oriscus b \]}
+
+@item
+k @tab
+Clivis vel Flexa @tab
+@code{\[ b \flexa g \]}
+
+@item
+l @tab
+Clivis Aucta Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]}
+
+@item
+m @tab
+Clivis Aucta Ascendens @tab
+@code{\[ b \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]}
+
+@item
+n @tab
+Cephalicus @tab
+@code{\[ b \flexa \deminutum g \]}
+
+@item
+o @tab
+Podatus vel Pes @tab
+@code{\[ g \pes b \]}
+
+@item
+p @tab
+Pes Auctus Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]}
+
+@item
+q @tab
+Pes Auctus Ascendens @tab
+@code{\[ g \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]}
+
+@item
+r @tab
+Epiphonus @tab
+@code{\[ g \pes \deminutum b \]}
+
+@item
+s @tab
+Pes Quassus @tab
+@code{\[ \oriscus g \pes \virga b \]}
+
+@item
+t @tab
+Pes Quassus Auctus Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ \oriscus g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]}
+
+@item
+u @tab
+Quilisma Pes @tab
+@code{\[ \quilisma g \pes b \]}
+
+@item
+v @tab
+Quilisma Pes Auctus Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ \quilisma g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]}
+
+@item
+w @tab
+Pes Initio Debilis @tab
+@code{\[ \deminutum g \pes b \]}
+
+@item
+x @tab
+Pes Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis @tab
+@code{\[ \deminutum g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]}
+
+@item
+y @tab
+Torculus @tab
+@code{\[ a \pes b \flexa g \]}
+
+@item
+z @tab
+Torculus Auctus Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]}
+
+@item
+A @tab
+Torculus Deminutus @tab
+@code{\[ a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]}
+
+@item
+B @tab
+Torculus Initio Debilis @tab
+@code{\[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa g \]}
+
+@item
+C @tab
+Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis @tab
+@code{\[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]}
+
+@item
+D @tab
+Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis @tab
+@code{\[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]}
+
+@item
+E @tab
+Porrectus @tab
+@code{\[ a \flexa g \pes b \]}
+
+@item
+F @tab
+Porrectus Auctus Descendens @tab
+@code{\[ a \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]}
+
+@item
+G @tab
+Porrectus Deminutus @tab
+@code{\[ a \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]}