+
+@node Common notation for non-Western music
+@subsection Common notation for non-Western music
+
+This section discusses how to enter and print music scores
+that do not belong to the Western classical tradition,
+also referred to as @notation{Common Practice Period}.
+
+@menu
+* Extending notation and tuning systems::
+@end menu
+
+
+@node Extending notation and tuning systems
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Extending notation and tuning systems
+
+Standard classical notation (also known as
+@notation{Common Practice Period} notation) is commonly
+used in all sorts of music, not limited to @q{classical}
+Western music. This notation is discussed in
+@ref{Writing pitches}, and the various note names
+that may be used are explained in
+@ref{Note names in other languages}.
+
+However, many types of non-Western music (and
+some types of Western folk and traditional music) employ
+alternative or extended tuning systems that do not fit
+readily into standard classical notation.
+
+In some cases standard notation is still used, with the
+pitch differences being implicit. For example,
+@notation{Arabic music} is notated with standard
+semitone and quarter-tone accidentals, with the precise
+pitch alterations being determined by context. Italian
+note names are typically used, while the init file
+@file{arabic.ly} provides a suitable set of macros
+and definitions extending the standard
+notation. For more details, see
+@ref{Arabic music}.
+
+@cindex tuning, non-Western
+
+Other types of music require extended or unique notations.
+@notation{Turkish classical music} or Ottoman music, for
+example, employs melodic forms known as @notation{makamlar},
+whose intervals are based on 1/9 divisions of the whole tone.
+Standard Western staff notes are still used, but with special
+accidentals unique to Turkish music, that are defined in the file
+@file{makam.ly}. For further information on Turkish classical
+music and makamlar, see
+@ref{Turkish classical music}.
+
+To locate init files such as @file{arabic.ly} or
+@file{makam.ly} on your system, see
+@rlearning{Other sources of information}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{makam-example.ly}
+
+@seealso
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{Common Practice Period},
+@rglos{makamlar}.
+
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Other sources of information}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Writing pitches},
+@ref{Note names in other languages},
+@ref{Arabic music},
+@ref{Turkish classical music}.
+
+