Imported Upstream version 2.16.0

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / notation / vocal.itely

diff --git a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
index b8f13106e30ed0650294da924781e735aa9dfdfd..0f315c340abc0a61917caff335cf8f7ed0946763 100644 (file)
--- a/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/vocal.itely
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
 @end ignore
 
     Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
 @end ignore
 

-@c \version "2.14.0"
+@c \version "2.16.0"

 
 @node Vocal music
 @section Vocal music
 
 @node Vocal music
 @section Vocal music


@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Vocal music}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Vocal music}.
 

+

 @node Entering lyrics
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
 
 @node Entering lyrics
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
 


@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ Punctuation, lyrics with accented characters, characters from
 non-English languages, or special characters (such as the heart
 symbol or slanted quotes), may simply be inserted directly
 into the input file, providing it is saved with UTF-8 encoding.
 non-English languages, or special characters (such as the heart
 symbol or slanted quotes), may simply be inserted directly
 into the input file, providing it is saved with UTF-8 encoding.

-For more information, see @ref{Text encoding}.
+For more information, see @ref{Special characters}.

 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \relative c'' { d8 c16 a bes8 f e' d c4 }
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
 \relative c'' { d8 c16 a bes8 f e' d c4 }


@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ options, see @ref{Formatting text}.
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {formatting-lyrics-syllables.ly}
 
 
 {formatting-lyrics-syllables.ly}
 
 


@@ -218,13 +219,14 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Formatting text},
 @ref{Input modes},
 @ref{Manual syllable durations},
 @ref{Formatting text},
 @ref{Input modes},
 @ref{Manual syllable durations},

-@ref{Text encoding}.
+@ref{Special characters}.

 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricText}.
 
 Snippets:
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricText}.
 
 Snippets:

-@rlsr{Text}
+@rlsr{Text}.
+

 
 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody
 
 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody


@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ Learning Manual:
 
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Contexts explained},
 
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Contexts explained},

-@ref{Automatic syllable durations}.
+@ref{Automatic syllable durations},

 @ref{Stanzas},
 @ref{Manual syllable durations},
 @ref{Dialogue over music},
 @ref{Stanzas},
 @ref{Manual syllable durations},
 @ref{Dialogue over music},


@@ -348,6 +350,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Lyrics}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Lyrics}.
 

+

 @node Automatic syllable durations
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
 
 @node Automatic syllable durations
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
 


@@ -513,6 +516,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Keeping contexts alive},
 @ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
 
 @ref{Keeping contexts alive},
 @ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
 

+

 @node Manual syllable durations
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
 
 @node Manual syllable durations
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
 


@@ -609,25 +613,18 @@ Internals Reference:
 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note with
 spaces between the syllables, you can surround the phrase with
 quotes or use a @code{_} character.  Alternatively, you can use
 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note with
 spaces between the syllables, you can surround the phrase with
 quotes or use a @code{_} character.  Alternatively, you can use

-code the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.  The lyric
-tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
-sure to use a font for this glyph which actually contains it.
-Freely available fonts with a lyric tie are, for example,
-`FreeSerif' (a Times clone), `DejaVuSans' (but not
-`DejaVuSerif'), or `TeXGyreSchola' (a Century Schoolbook
-clone).
+the tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.

 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 {
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 {

-  \time 3/4
-  \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
-  \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
-  \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
-  \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+  \relative c'' { \autoBeamOff
+    r8 b c fis, fis c' b e, }
+  \addlyrics { Che_in ques -- ta_e_in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+  \addlyrics { "Che in" ques -- "ta e in" quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }
+  \addlyrics { Che~in ques -- ta~e~in quel -- l'al -- tr'on -- da }

 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

-

 @seealso
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
 @seealso
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.


@@ -650,7 +647,7 @@ left-aligned with the first note of the melisma.
 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a
 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a
 hyphenated line.  This is indicated by placing a double hyphen,
 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other that the last one in a
 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a
 hyphenated line.  This is indicated by placing a double hyphen,

-@code{--}, immediately after the syllable.
+@w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable.

 
 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in
 a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable
 
 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in
 a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable


@@ -697,6 +694,8 @@ entering lyrics:
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

+Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata.
+

 @item
 Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed,
 providing automatic beaming is switched off.  See
 @item
 Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed,
 providing automatic beaming is switched off.  See


@@ -739,9 +738,6 @@ are bracketed between @code{\melisma} and @code{\melismaEnd}.
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

-Note that this method cannot be used to indicate two melismata if
-the first one is immediately followed by another.
-

 @item
 A melisma can be defined entirely in the lyrics by entering a
 single underscore character, @code{_}, for every extra note that has
 @item
 A melisma can be defined entirely in the lyrics by entering a
 single underscore character, @code{_}, for every extra note that has


@@ -833,7 +829,6 @@ Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
 
 @knownissues
 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
 
 @knownissues

-

 Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
 must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
 
 Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
 must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
 


@@ -874,7 +869,6 @@ distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
 @code{LyricHyphen}.
 
 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
 @code{LyricHyphen}.
 

-

 @seealso
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
 @seealso
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{LyricExtender},


@@ -968,7 +962,6 @@ contraltoWords = \lyricmode { Con -- tral -- to words }
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

-

 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.
 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Placing lyrics vertically}.


@@ -1097,17 +1090,18 @@ elaborating these examples, or by examining the
 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
 
 @snippets
 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles} templates in the Learning Manual.
 
 @snippets

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{lyrics-old-spacing-settings.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{obtaining-2.12-lyrics-spacing-in-newer-versions.ly}

 
 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
 
 Notation Reference:
 
 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
 
 Notation Reference:

-@ref{Aligning contexts},
+@ref{Context layout order},

 @ref{Creating contexts}.
 
 @ref{Creating contexts}.
 

+

 @node Placing syllables horizontally
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Placing syllables horizontally
 
 @node Placing syllables horizontally
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Placing syllables horizontally
 


@@ -1153,7 +1147,7 @@ To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
 @end lilypond
 
 @snippets
 @end lilypond
 
 @snippets

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {lyrics-alignment.ly}
 
 @c TODO: move to LSR -vv
 {lyrics-alignment.ly}
 
 @c TODO: move to LSR -vv


@@ -1179,18 +1173,6 @@ To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
 @}
 @end example
 
 @}
 @end example
 

-@c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
-@c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
-@c even when notes are tied. -td
-
-@ignore
-\layout
-{
-     \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
-}
-@end ignore
-
-

 @node Lyrics and repeats
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
 
 @node Lyrics and repeats
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
 


@@ -1341,6 +1323,54 @@ More verses may be added in a similar way:
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

+@cindex alignBelowContext
+@funindex alignBelowContext
+
+However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved
+context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and
+third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff.
+
+To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\score {
+  <<
+    \new Staff {
+      \new Voice = "melody" {
+        \relative c'' {
+         a4 a a a
+         \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
+          c4 c c c
+       }
+      }
+    }
+    \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" {
+      Not re -- peat -- ed.
+      <<
+        { The first time words.        }
+       \new Lyrics = "secondVerse"
+        \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" } {
+         \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+         Sec -- ond time words.
+       }
+       \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse"
+        \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" } {
+         \set associatedVoice = "melody"
+         The third time words.
+       }
+      >>
+      The end sec -- tion.
+    }
+    \new Voice = "harmony" {
+      \relative c' {
+        f4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2
+      }
+    }
+  >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+

 
 @c TODO positioning a common line of lyrics
 
 
 @c TODO positioning a common line of lyrics
 


@@ -1959,7 +1989,7 @@ output in LilyPond.
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
 melody = \relative c' {
 
 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
 melody = \relative c' {

-  c c c c | d d d d
+  c4 c c c | d d d d

 }
 
 text = \lyricmode {
 }
 
 text = \lyricmode {


@@ -1978,7 +2008,7 @@ text = \lyricmode {
 \markup {
   \fill-line {
     \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
 \markup {
   \fill-line {
     \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;

-        % can be removed if space on the page is tight
+     % can be removed if space on the page is tight

      \column {
       \line { \bold "2."
         \column {
      \column {
       \line { \bold "2."
         \column {


@@ -1986,7 +2016,7 @@ text = \lyricmode {
           "It has two lines."
         }
       }
           "It has two lines."
         }
       }

-      \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+      \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses

       \line { \bold "3."
         \column {
           "This is verse three."
       \line { \bold "3."
         \column {
           "This is verse three."


@@ -1994,17 +2024,15 @@ text = \lyricmode {
         }
       }
     }
         }
       }
     }

-    \hspace #0.1  % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
-        % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
-        % until the result looks good
-     \column {
+    \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
+    \column {

       \line { \bold "4."
         \column {
           "This is verse four."
           "It has two lines."
         }
       }
       \line { \bold "4."
         \column {
           "This is verse four."
           "It has two lines."
         }
       }

-      \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
+      \vspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses

       \line { \bold "5."
         \column {
           "This is verse five."
       \line { \bold "5."
         \column {
           "This is verse five."


@@ -2013,7 +2041,7 @@ text = \lyricmode {
       }
     }
   \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
       }
     }
   \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;

-      % can be removed if page space is tight
+  % can be removed if page space is tight

   }
 }
 @end lilypond
   }
 }
 @end lilypond


@@ -2093,6 +2121,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Vocal music}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Vocal music}.
 

+

 @node Lead sheets
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
 
 @node Lead sheets
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
 


@@ -2100,7 +2129,7 @@ Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and
 @q{chord mode}; this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
 
 @snippets
 @q{chord mode}; this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
 
 @snippets

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {simple-lead-sheet.ly}
 
 @seealso
 {simple-lead-sheet.ly}
 
 @seealso


@@ -2194,6 +2223,7 @@ Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Lyrics},
 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
 
 @rinternals{Lyrics},
 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
 

+

 @node Score layouts for choral
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Score layouts for choral
 
 @node Score layouts for choral
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Score layouts for choral
 


@@ -2289,7 +2319,7 @@ Internals Reference:
 
 @cindex voices, divided
 
 
 @cindex voices, divided
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {using-arpeggiobracket-to-make-divisi-more-visible.ly}
 
 @seealso
 {using-arpeggiobracket-to-make-divisi-more-visible.ly}
 
 @seealso


@@ -2378,10 +2408,10 @@ For details of other page formatting properties, see
 @ref{Page layout}.
 
 @item
 @ref{Page layout}.
 
 @item

-Dialogue cues and stage directions can be inserted with markup.
-See @ref{Text}.  Extensive stage directions can be inserted with
-a section of stand-alone markup between two @code{\score} blocks.
-See @ref{Separate text}.
+Dialogue cues, stage directions and footnotes can be inserted, see
+@ref{Creating footnotes} and @ref{Text}.  Extensive stage directions
+can also be added with a section of stand-alone markups between two
+@code{\score} blocks, see @ref{Separate text}.

 
 @end itemize
 
 
 @end itemize
 


@@ -2392,6 +2422,7 @@ Musical Glossary:
 @rglos{transposing instrument}.
 
 Notation Reference:
 @rglos{transposing instrument}.
 
 Notation Reference:

+@ref{Creating footnotes},

 @ref{Grouping staves},
 @ref{Hiding staves},
 @ref{Instrument transpositions},
 @ref{Grouping staves},
 @ref{Hiding staves},
 @ref{Instrument transpositions},


@@ -2504,6 +2535,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 Extending LilyPond:
 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
 
 Extending LilyPond:
 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
 

+

 @node Musical cues
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Musical cues
 
 @node Musical cues
 @unnumberedsubsubsec Musical cues
 


@@ -2535,7 +2567,10 @@ pianoRH = \relative c'' {
   c4. g8
   % position name of cue-ing instrument just before the cue notes,
   % and above the staff
   c4. g8
   % position name of cue-ing instrument just before the cue notes,
   % and above the staff

-  s1*0^\markup { \right-align { \tiny "Flute" } }
+  \new CueVoice {
+    \override InstrumentSwitch #'self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+    \set instrumentCueName = "Flute"
+  }

   \cueDuring "flute" #UP { g4 bes4 }
 }
 pianoLH = \relative c { c4 <c' e> e, <g c> }
   \cueDuring "flute" #UP { g4 bes4 }
 }
 pianoLH = \relative c { c4 <c' e> e, <g c> }


@@ -2557,7 +2592,7 @@ If a transposing instrument is being quoted the instrument part should
 specify its key so the conversion of its cue notes will be done
 automatically.  The example below shows this transposition for a
 B-flat clarinet.  The notes in this example are low on the staff so
 specify its key so the conversion of its cue notes will be done
 automatically.  The example below shows this transposition for a
 B-flat clarinet.  The notes in this example are low on the staff so

-@code{#DOWN} is specified in @code{\cueDuring} (so the stems are
+@code{DOWN} is specified in @code{\cueDuring} (so the stems are

 down) and the instrument name is positioned below the staff.  Note
 also that the piano right-hand voice is explicitly declared.  This
 is because the cue notes in this example begin at the start of the
 down) and the instrument name is positioned below the staff.  Note
 also that the piano right-hand voice is explicitly declared.  This
 is because the cue notes in this example begin at the start of the


@@ -2574,7 +2609,11 @@ clarinet = \relative c' {
 pianoRH = \relative c'' {
   \transposition c'
   % position name of cue-ing instrument below the staff
 pianoRH = \relative c'' {
   \transposition c'
   % position name of cue-ing instrument below the staff

-  s1*0_\markup { \right-align { \tiny "Clar." } }
+  \new CueVoice {
+    \override InstrumentSwitch #'self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+    \override InstrumentSwitch #'direction = #DOWN
+    \set instrumentCueName = "Clar."
+  }

   \cueDuring "clarinet" #DOWN { c4. g8 }
   g4 bes4
 }
   \cueDuring "clarinet" #DOWN { c4. g8 }
   g4 bes4
 }


@@ -2604,7 +2643,7 @@ possible to define a music function to reduce the amount of typing
 and to make the piano notes clearer.
 
 @snippets
 and to make the piano notes clearer.
 
 @snippets

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {adding-orchestral-cues-to-a-vocal-score.ly}
 
 @seealso
 {adding-orchestral-cues-to-a-vocal-score.ly}
 
 @seealso


@@ -3025,7 +3064,7 @@ of the following snippets.
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {chant-or-psalms-notation.ly}
 
 Canticles and other liturgical texts may be set more freely, and
 {chant-or-psalms-notation.ly}
 
 Canticles and other liturgical texts may be set more freely, and


@@ -3034,7 +3073,7 @@ are shown underneath and aligned with the notes.  If so, the notes
 are spaced in accordance with the syllables rather than the notes'
 durations.
 
 are spaced in accordance with the syllables rather than the notes'
 durations.
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music.ly}
 
 @seealso
 {ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music.ly}
 
 @seealso


@@ -3219,7 +3258,7 @@ with a line of text.  This requires a @code{\partial} command at
 the start of the music and @code{\bar "|"} or @code{\bar "||"}
 commands at the end of each line.
 
 the start of the music and @code{\bar "|"} or @code{\bar "||"}
 commands at the end of each line.
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]

 {hymn-template.ly}
 
 
 {hymn-template.ly}