Merge branch 'master' into lilypond/translation

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / notation / fretted-strings.itely

diff --git a/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely b/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely
index 455ee8d22244bf8c876e582b5687af896ef42bed..b89790fdde56c4f9b2784e681906e8c3359fc2ac 100644 (file)
--- a/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/fretted-strings.itely
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ tablature.  Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
 especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
 a staff of traditional notation.  The guitar and the banjo are
 transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
 especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
 a staff of traditional notation.  The guitar and the banjo are
 transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.

-Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
+Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef (or
+@code{\transposition c} to get correct MIDI output).

 Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
 are covered elsewhere:
 
 Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
 are covered elsewhere:
 


@@ -84,7 +85,8 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Writing music in parallel},
 @ref{Arpeggio},
 @ref{List of articulations},
 @ref{Writing music in parallel},
 @ref{Arpeggio},
 @ref{List of articulations},

-@ref{Clef}.
+@ref{Clef},
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.

 
 
 @node String number indications
 
 
 @node String number indications


@@ -148,23 +150,22 @@ Internals Reference:
 @funindex TabVoice
 
 Music for plucked string instruments is frequently notated using a
 @funindex TabVoice
 
 Music for plucked string instruments is frequently notated using a

-finger/touch notation or tablature. In contrast to traditional
+finger/touch notation or tablature.  In contrast to traditional

 notation pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by numbers (or
 notation pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by numbers (or

-letterlike symbols in historical intavolatura). The numbers
-indicate on which string and fret a note must be played. The numbers
+letterlike symbols in historical intavolatura).  The numbers
+indicate on which string and fret a note must be played.  The numbers

 are printed on top of each other if they are to be played
 simultaneously.
 
 are printed on top of each other if they are to be played
 simultaneously.
 

+By default, string 1 is the highest, and the tuning defaults to the
+standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).  The notes are printed as
+tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and @code{TabVoice} contexts.  A
+calligraphic tablature clef is added automatically.

 
 

-By default, string 1 is the highest,
-and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
-The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
-@code{TabVoice} contexts
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]

 \new TabStaff \relative c' {
 \new TabStaff \relative c' {

-       a,8 a' <c e> a
-       d, a' <d f> a
+  a,8 a' <c e> a
+  d, a' <d f> a

 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 


@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ symbols = {
 
 If all musical symbols used in traditional notation should also show up
 in tablature one has to apply the command @code{\tabFullNotation} in a
 
 If all musical symbols used in traditional notation should also show up
 in tablature one has to apply the command @code{\tabFullNotation} in a

-@code{TabStaff}-context. Please bear in mind that half notes are
+@code{TabStaff}-context.  Please bear in mind that half notes are

 double-stemmed in tablature in order to distinguish them from quarter
 notes.
 
 double-stemmed in tablature in order to distinguish them from quarter
 notes.
 


@@ -215,18 +216,18 @@ symbols = {
 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 

-@funindex minimumFret
-

 @cindex fret
 
 @cindex fret
 

+@funindex minimumFret
+

 By default pitches are assigned to the lowest playing position on the
 By default pitches are assigned to the lowest playing position on the

-fret-board (first position). Open strings are automatically preferred.
+fret-board (first position).  Open strings are automatically preferred.

 If you would like a certain pitch to be played on a specific string
 If you would like a certain pitch to be played on a specific string

-you can add a string number indication to the pitch name. If you
+you can add a string number indication to the pitch name.  If you

 define pitch names and string numbers without a chord construct
 (@code{<>}) the string number indications do not appear in traditional
 notation. It is much more comfortable to define the playing position
 define pitch names and string numbers without a chord construct
 (@code{<>}) the string number indications do not appear in traditional
 notation. It is much more comfortable to define the playing position

-by using the value of @code{minimumFret}. The default value for
+by using the value of @code{minimumFret}.  The default value for

 minimumFret is 0.
 
 
 minimumFret is 0.
 
 


@@ -248,21 +249,50 @@ minimumFret is 0.
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

+@funindex \tabChordRepetition

 
 

-Ties over a line break are parenthesized by default. The same holds for
+Chord constructs can be repeated by the chord repetition symbol @code{q}.
+To use this feature in combination with tablature, @code{\tabChordRepetition}
+is provided.  It preserves the string information explicitly given within
+chord constructs so repeated chords get identical tablature representations.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\tabChordRepetition
+
+guitar = \relative c' {
+  r8 < gis\4 cis\3 b\2 > ~ q4 q8 ~ q q4
+}
+
+\new StaffGroup <<
+  \new Staff {
+    \clef "treble_8"
+    \override Voice.StringNumber #'transparent = ##t
+    \guitar
+  }
+  \new TabStaff {
+    \guitar
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+
+Ties over a line break are parenthesized by default.  The same holds for

 the second alternative of a repeat.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 ties = \relative c' {
 the second alternative of a repeat.
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 ties = \relative c' {

-       \repeat volta 2 {
-       e2. f4~
-       f2 g2~ }
-       \alternative {
-               { g4 f2. }
-               { g4\repeatTie c,2. }
-       }
-       b1~\break
-       b1  \bar "|."
+  \repeat volta 2 {
+    e2. f4~
+    f2 g2~
+  }
+  \alternative {
+     { g4 f2. }
+     { g4\repeatTie c,2. }
+  }
+  b1~
+  \break
+  b1
+  \bar "|."

 }
 
 \score {
 }
 
 \score {


@@ -291,15 +321,17 @@ engraving fret numbers in parentheses:
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 ties = \relative c' {
 
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 ties = \relative c' {

-       \repeat volta 2 {
-       e2. f4~
-       f2 g2~ }
-       \alternative {
-               { g4 f2. }
-               { g4\repeatTie c,2. }
-       }
-       b1~\break
-       b1  \bar "|."
+  \repeat volta 2 {
+    e2. f4~
+    f2 g2~ }
+  \alternative {
+    { g4 f2. }
+    { g4\repeatTie c,2. }
+  }
+  b1~
+  \break
+  b1
+  \bar "|."

 }
 
 \score {
 }
 
 \score {


@@ -473,6 +505,24 @@ mynotes = {
 >>
 @end lilypond
 
 >>
 @end lilypond
 

+@cindex moderntab clef
+@cindex clef, moderntab
+@cindex clef, tab
+@cindex tab clef
+
+A modern tab clef can also be used.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+\new TabStaff {
+ \clef moderntab
+  <a, e a>1
+  \break
+  \clef tab
+  <a, e a>1
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+The modern tab clef supports tablatures from 4 to 7 strings.

 
 @seealso
 Installed Files:
 
 @seealso
 Installed Files:


@@ -1321,8 +1371,8 @@ Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
 chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
 even when applied to a single note.
 
 chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
 even when applied to a single note.
 

-@warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
-before the closing @code{>}.}
+@warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen before
+@code{@bs{}rightHandFinger} and a space before the closing @code{>}.}

 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
 \clef "treble_8"
 
 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
 \clef "treble_8"


@@ -1420,13 +1470,61 @@ text markup.
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \relative c' {
   \clef "treble_8"
 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
 \relative c' {
   \clef "treble_8"

-  \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
-  g8 a b c b4

   \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
   d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 
   \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
   d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
 }
 @end lilypond
 

+Dampened notes (also called @notation{dead notes}) are supported
+within normal and tablature staves:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+music = \relative c' {
+  < a\3 \deadNote c\2 a'\1 >4
+  < b\3 \deadNote d\2 b'\1 >
+  < c\3 \deadNote e\2 c'\1 >
+  \deadNotesOn
+  \times 2/3 { g8 b e }
+  \deadNotesOff
+  < a,\3 c\2 e\1 >1
+}
+\new StaffGroup <<
+  \new Staff {
+    \clef "treble_8"
+    \music
+  }
+  \new TabStaff {
+    \music
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Another playing technique (especially used on electic guitars) is
+called @notation{palm mute}. The string is hereby partly muted by the
+palm of the striking hand (hence the name). Lilypond supports
+the notation of palm mute-style notes by changing the note head to a
+triangle shape.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+\new Voice { % Warning: explicit Voice instantiation is
+             %    required to have palmMuteOff work properly
+             %    when palmMuteOn comes at the beginning of
+             %    the piece.
+  \relative c, {
+    \clef "G_8"
+    \palmMuteOn
+    e8^\markup { \musicglyph #"noteheads.u2do"  = palm mute }
+    e e
+    \palmMuteOff
+    e e  \palmMute e e e |
+    e8 \palmMute { e e e } e e e e |
+    \palmMuteOn
+    < e b' e >8 e e e < e b' e >2
+    \palmMuteOff |
+    < \palmMute e b' e >8 \palmMute { e e e } < \palmMute e b' e >2
+  }
+}
+@end lilypond

 
 @seealso
 Snippets:
 
 @seealso
 Snippets: