Remove news entry about BEST EDITION from front page

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / notation / expressive.itely

diff --git a/Documentation/notation/expressive.itely b/Documentation/notation/expressive.itely
index 897a5c38459363ee479473f3c2c10f9dfd570c5a..f999363cb4d69e9da17b000f7d2b135164addd13 100644 (file)
--- a/Documentation/notation/expressive.itely
+++ b/Documentation/notation/expressive.itely
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
 @end ignore
 
     Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
 @end ignore
 

-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.19.21"

 
 @node Expressive marks
 @section Expressive marks
 
 @node Expressive marks
 @section Expressive marks


@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ This section lists various expressive marks that can be
 created in a score.
 
 @menu
 created in a score.
 
 @menu

-* Attached to notes::
-* Curves::
-* Lines::
+* Expressive marks attached to notes::
+* Expressive marks as curves::
+* Expressive marks as lines::

 @end menu
 
 
 @end menu
 
 

-@node Attached to notes
-@subsection Attached to notes
+@node Expressive marks attached to notes
+@subsection Expressive marks attached to notes

 
 This section explains how to create expressive marks that are
 attached to notes: articulations, ornamentations, and dynamics.
 
 This section explains how to create expressive marks that are
 attached to notes: articulations, ornamentations, and dynamics.


@@ -124,12 +124,14 @@ this syntax:
 @var{note}\@var{name}
 @end example
 
 @var{note}\@var{name}
 @end example
 

-The possible values for @var{name} are listed in @ref{List of
-articulations}.  For example:
+The possible values for @code{@var{name}} are listed in
+@ref{List of articulations}.  For example:

 
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn
-c1\fermata
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn
+  c1\fermata
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex marcato
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex marcato


@@ -147,13 +149,15 @@ articulation.  Predefined shorthands exist for @notation{marcato},
 @notation{accent}, @notation{staccato}, and @notation{portato}.
 Their corresponding output appears as follows:
 
 @notation{accent}, @notation{staccato}, and @notation{portato}.
 Their corresponding output appears as follows:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4-^ c-+ c-- c-|
-c4-> c-. c2-_
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''4-^ c-+ c-- c-!
+  c4-> c-. c2-_
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined
 @end lilypond
 
 The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined

-in @file{scm/@/script@/.scm}.  Articulations and ornamentations
+in @file{scm/script.scm}.  Articulations and ornamentations

 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
 @ref{Direction and placement}.
 
 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
 @ref{Direction and placement}.
 


@@ -166,10 +170,10 @@ command, @code{\fermataMarkup}, is available for attaching a fermata
 to a multi-measure rest (and only a multi-measure rest).  This
 creates a @code{MultiMeasureRestText} object.
 
 to a multi-measure rest (and only a multi-measure rest).  This
 creates a @code{MultiMeasureRestText} object.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\override Script #'color = #red
-\override MultiMeasureRestText #'color = #blue
-a2\fermata r\fermata
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
+\override Script.color = #red
+\override MultiMeasureRestText.color = #blue
+a'2\fermata r\fermata

 R1\fermataMarkup
 @end lilypond
 
 R1\fermataMarkup
 @end lilypond
 


@@ -181,13 +185,13 @@ are attached to the notes, see @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation.ly}
 
 {modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly}
 
 {controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {creating-a-delayed-turn.ly}
 
 @seealso
 {creating-a-delayed-turn.ly}
 
 @seealso


@@ -207,7 +211,7 @@ Notation Reference:
 @ref{Trills}.
 
 Installed Files:
 @ref{Trills}.
 
 Installed Files:

-@file{scm/@/script@/.scm}.
+@file{scm/script.scm}.

 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
 
 Snippets:
 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.


@@ -272,10 +276,12 @@ such as @code{c4\ff}.  The available dynamic marks are
 marks may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
 @ref{Direction and placement}.
 
 marks may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
 @ref{Direction and placement}.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2\ppp c\mp
-c2\rfz c^\mf
-c2_\spp c^\ff
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c'' {
+  c2\ppp c\mp
+  c2\rfz c^\mf
+  c2_\spp c^\ff
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex hairpin
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex hairpin


@@ -300,14 +306,16 @@ absolute dynamic, or another crescendo or decrescendo mark.
 @code{\>}.  @notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this
 notation.
 
 @code{\>}.  @notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this
 notation.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2\< c\!
-d2\< d\f
-e2\< e\>
-f2\> f\!
-e2\> e\mp
-d2\> d\>
-c1\!
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c'' {
+  c2\< c\!
+  d2\< d\f
+  e2\< e\>
+  f2\> f\!
+  e2\> e\mp
+  d2\> d\>
+  c1\!
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 A hairpin that is terminated with @code{\!} will end at the
 @end lilypond
 
 A hairpin that is terminated with @code{\!} will end at the


@@ -319,8 +327,10 @@ hairpin will then start at the right edge of the same note
 instead of the usual left edge had it been terminated with @code{\!}
 before.
 
 instead of the usual left edge had it been terminated with @code{\!}
 before.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1\< | c4 a c\< a | c4 a c\! a\< | c4 a c a\!
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''1\< | c4 a c\< a | c4 a c\! a\< | c4 a c a\!
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 Hairpins that are terminated with absolute dynamic marks instead of
 @end lilypond
 
 Hairpins that are terminated with absolute dynamic marks instead of


@@ -328,8 +338,10 @@ Hairpins that are terminated with absolute dynamic marks instead of
 of the absolute dynamic itself can alter where the preceding hairpin
 ends.
 
 of the absolute dynamic itself can alter where the preceding hairpin
 ends.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1\< | c4 a c\mf a | c1\< | c4 a c\ffff a
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''1\< | c4 a c\mf a | c1\< | c4 a c\ffff a
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex multiple dynamic marks on one note
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex multiple dynamic marks on one note


@@ -338,9 +350,11 @@ Spacer rests are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
 This is particularly useful when adding a @notation{crescendo} and
 @notation{decrescendo} to the same note:
 
 This is particularly useful when adding a @notation{crescendo} and
 @notation{decrescendo} to the same note:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4\< c\! d\> e\!
-<< f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''4\< c\! d\> e\!
+  << f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex espressivo articulation
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex espressivo articulation


@@ -352,11 +366,31 @@ The @code{\espressivo} command can be used to indicate a crescendo
 and decrescendo on the same note.  However, be warned that this is
 implemented as an articulation, not a dynamic.
 
 and decrescendo on the same note.  However, be warned that this is
 implemented as an articulation, not a dynamic.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2 b4 a
-g1\espressivo
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''2 b4 a
+  g1\espressivo
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

+@funindex \cresc
+@funindex cresc
+@funindex \decresc
+@funindex decresc
+@funindex \dim
+@funindex dim
+Textual crescendo marks begin with @code{\cresc}.
+Textual decrescendos begin with @code{\decresc} or @code{\dim}.
+Extender lines are engraved as required.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  g'8\cresc a b c b c d e\mf |
+  f8\decresc e d c e\> d c b |
+  a1\dim ~ |
+  a2. r4\! |
+}
+@end lilypond

 
 @funindex \crescTextCresc
 @funindex crescTextCresc
 
 @funindex \crescTextCresc
 @funindex crescTextCresc


@@ -371,24 +405,21 @@ g1\espressivo
 @funindex \dimHairpin
 @funindex dimHairpin
 
 @funindex \dimHairpin
 @funindex dimHairpin
 

-Crescendos and decrescendos can be engraved as textual markings
-instead of hairpins.  Dashed lines are printed to indicate their
-extent.  The built-in commands @code{\crescTextCresc},
-@code{\dimTextDecresc}, @code{\dimTextDecr}, and @code{\dimTextDim}
-will tell LilyPond to use such textual marks instead of hairpins
-for all subsequent @code{\<} and @code{\>} commands.  The corresponding
-@code{\crescHairpin} and @code{\dimHairpin} commands will revert
-to hairpins again:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\crescTextCresc
-c2\< d | e f\!
-\dimTextDecresc
-e2\> d | c b\!
-\crescHairpin
-c2\< d | e f\!
-\dimHairpin
-e2\> d\!
+Textual marks for dynamic changes can also replace hairpins:
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c'' {
+  \crescTextCresc
+  c4\< d e f\! |
+  \dimTextDecresc
+  g4\> e d c\! |
+  \dimTextDecr
+  e4\> d c b\! |
+  \dimTextDim
+  d4\> c b a\! |
+  \crescHairpin
+  \dimHairpin
+  c4\< d\! e\> d\! |
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 
 @end lilypond
 
 


@@ -410,6 +441,29 @@ Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
 @funindex \dynamicNeutral
 @funindex dynamicNeutral
 
 @funindex \dynamicNeutral
 @funindex dynamicNeutral
 

+A @code{Dynamics} context is available to engrave dynamics on
+their own horizontal line.  Use spacer rests to indicate timing.
+(Notes in a @code{Dynamics} context will also take up
+musical time, but will not be engraved.)
+The @code{Dynamics} context can usefully contain some other
+items such as text scripts, text spanners, and piano pedal marks.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+<<
+  \new Staff \relative {
+    c'2 d4 e |
+    c4 e e,2 |
+    g'4 a g a |
+    c1 |
+  }
+  \new Dynamics {
+    s1\< |
+    s1\f |
+    s2\dim s2-"rit." |
+    s1\p |
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond

 
 @predefined
 @code{\dynamicUp},
 
 @predefined
 @code{\dynamicUp},


@@ -426,28 +480,37 @@ Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines.ly}
 
 {setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins.ly}
 
 @cindex al niente
 @cindex niente, al
 
 {setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins.ly}
 
 @cindex al niente
 @cindex niente, al
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation.ly}
 
 {printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@cindex Ferneyhough hairpins
+@cindex hairpins, Ferneyhough
+@cindex flared hairpins
+@cindex hairpins, flared
+@cindex constante hairpins
+@cindex hairpins, constante
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{printing-hairpins-in-various-styles.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts.ly}
 
 {vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics.ly}
 
 {hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics.ly}
 
 {changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics.ly}
 

-

 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{al niente},
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{al niente},


@@ -461,7 +524,7 @@ Learning Manual:
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Direction and placement},
 @ref{New dynamic marks},
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Direction and placement},
 @ref{New dynamic marks},

-@ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
+@ref{Enhancing MIDI output},

 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
 
 Snippets:
 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
 
 Snippets:


@@ -470,7 +533,8 @@ Snippets:
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{DynamicText},
 @rinternals{Hairpin},
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{DynamicText},
 @rinternals{Hairpin},

-@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
+@rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner},
+@rinternals{Dynamics}.

 
 
 @node New dynamic marks
 
 
 @node New dynamic marks


@@ -485,8 +549,8 @@ The easiest way to create dynamic indications is to use
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 moltoF = \markup { molto \dynamic f }
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 moltoF = \markup { molto \dynamic f }
 

-\relative c' {
-  <d e>16_\moltoF <d e>
+\relative {
+  <d' e>16_\moltoF <d e>

   <d e>2..
 }
 @end lilypond
   <d e>2..
 }
 @end lilypond


@@ -508,8 +572,8 @@ roundF = \markup {
     \center-align \concat { \bold { \italic ( }
            \dynamic f \bold { \italic ) } } }
 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
     \center-align \concat { \bold { \italic ( }
            \dynamic f \bold { \italic ) } } }
 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }

-\relative c' {
-  c1_\roundF
+\relative {
+  c'1_\roundF

   c1_\boxF
 }
 @end lilypond
   c1_\boxF
 }
 @end lilypond


@@ -522,8 +586,8 @@ Simple, centered dynamic marks are easily created with the
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
 
 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
 sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")

-\relative c' {
-  c4 c c\sfzp c
+\relative {
+  c'4 c c\sfzp c

 }
 @end lilypond
 
 }
 @end lilypond
 


@@ -548,8 +612,8 @@ mfEspress = \markup { \center-align \line {
 roundFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script roundF)
 boxFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script boxF)
 mfEspressDynamic = #(make-dynamic-script mfEspress)
 roundFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script roundF)
 boxFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script boxF)
 mfEspressDynamic = #(make-dynamic-script mfEspress)

-\relative c' {
-  c4_\roundFdynamic\< d e f
+\relative {
+  c'4_\roundFdynamic\< d e f

   g,1~_\boxFdynamic\>
   g1
   g'1~\mfEspressDynamic
   g,1~_\boxFdynamic\>
   g1
   g'1~\mfEspressDynamic


@@ -564,33 +628,45 @@ explained in @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
 moltoF = #(make-dynamic-script
             (markup #:normal-text "molto"
                     #:dynamic "f"))
 moltoF = #(make-dynamic-script
             (markup #:normal-text "molto"
                     #:dynamic "f"))

-\relative c' {
-  <d e>16 <d e>
+\relative {
+  <d' e>16 <d e>

   <d e>2..\moltoF
 }
 @end lilypond
 
   <d e>2..\moltoF
 }
 @end lilypond
 

+To left-align the dynamic text rather than centering it on a note
+use a @code{\tweak}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+moltoF = \tweak DynamicText.self-alignment-X #LEFT
+         #(make-dynamic-script
+            (markup #:normal-text "molto"
+                    #:dynamic "f"))
+\relative {
+  <d' e>16 <d e>
+  <d e>2..\moltoF <d e>1
+}
+@end lilypond
+

 Font settings in markup mode are described in
 @ref{Selecting font and font size}.
 
 Font settings in markup mode are described in
 @ref{Selecting font and font size}.
 

-

 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Formatting text},
 @ref{Selecting font and font size},
 @seealso
 Notation Reference:
 @ref{Formatting text},
 @ref{Selecting font and font size},

-@ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
+@ref{Enhancing MIDI output},

 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
 
 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
 

-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
-
-Extend:
+Extending LilyPond:

 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
 
 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
 

+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.

 
 
 
 

-@node Curves
-@subsection Curves
+@node Expressive marks as curves
+@subsection Expressive marks as curves

 
 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
 are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and
 
 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
 are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and


@@ -613,10 +689,12 @@ doits.
 @warning{In polyphonic music, a slur must be terminated
 in the same voice it began.}
 
 @warning{In polyphonic music, a slur must be terminated
 in the same voice it began.}
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4( g a) a8 b(
-a4 g2 f4)
-<c e>2( <b d>2)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  f''4( g a) a8 b(
+  a4 g2 f4)
+  <c e>2( <b d>2)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex slurs, manual placement
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex slurs, manual placement


@@ -636,10 +714,20 @@ Slurs may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
 @cindex slur, phrasing
 @cindex slurs, multiple
 @cindex slurs, simultaneous
 @cindex slur, phrasing
 @cindex slurs, multiple
 @cindex slurs, simultaneous

+@funindex \=

 
 

-Simultaneous or overlapping slurs are not permitted, but a phrasing
-slur can overlap a slur.  This permits two slurs to be printed at
-once.  For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
+Simultaneous or overlapping slurs require special attention.  Most
+occurences of outer slurs actually indicate phrasing, and phrasing
+slurs may overlap a regular slur, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.  When
+multiple regular slurs are needed in a single @code{Voice},
+matching slur starts and ends need to be labelled by preceding
+them with @code{\=} followed by an identifying number or string.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\fixed c' {
+  <c~ f\=1( g\=2( >2 <c e\=1) a\=2) >
+}
+@end lilypond

 
 @cindex slur style
 @cindex slur, solid
 
 @cindex slur style
 @cindex slur, solid


@@ -659,14 +747,16 @@ once.  For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
 Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed.  Solid is the default slur
 style:
 
 Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed.  Solid is the default slur
 style:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4( e g2)
-\slurDashed
-g4( e c2)
-\slurDotted
-c4( e g2)
-\slurSolid
-g4( e c2)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c'4( e g2)
+  \slurDashed
+  g4( e c2)
+  \slurDotted
+  c4( e g2)
+  \slurSolid
+  g4( e c2)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \slurHalfDashed
 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \slurHalfDashed


@@ -679,14 +769,16 @@ Slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
 half dashed):
 
 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
 half dashed):
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4( e g2)
-\slurHalfDashed
-g4( e c2)
-\slurHalfSolid
-c4( e g2)
-\slurSolid
-g4( e c2)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c'4( e g2)
+  \slurHalfDashed
+  g4( e c2)
+  \slurHalfSolid
+  c4( e g2)
+  \slurSolid
+  g4( e c2)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \slurDashPattern
 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \slurDashPattern


@@ -695,14 +787,16 @@ g4( e c2)
 
 Custom dash patterns for slurs can be defined:
 
 
 Custom dash patterns for slurs can be defined:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4( e g2)
-\slurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
-g4( e c2)
-\slurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
-c4( e g2)
-\slurSolid
-g4( e c2)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c'4( e g2)
+  \slurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
+  g4( e c2)
+  \slurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
+  c4( e g2)
+  \slurSolid
+  g4( e c2)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 
 @end lilypond
 
 


@@ -726,16 +820,15 @@ g4( e c2)
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly}
 
 {using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs.ly}
 
 {positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {making-slurs-with-complex-dash-structure.ly}
 
 {making-slurs-with-complex-dash-structure.ly}
 

-

 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{slur}.
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{slur}.


@@ -768,9 +861,11 @@ Internals Reference:
 musical sentence are written using the commands @code{\(} and
 @code{\)} respectively:
 
 musical sentence are written using the commands @code{\(} and
 @code{\)} respectively:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4\( d( e) f(
-e2) d\)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c''4\( d( e) f(
+  e2) d\)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \phrasingSlurUp
 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \phrasingSlurUp


@@ -793,7 +888,8 @@ may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
 @cindex phrasing slur, simultaneous
 @cindex phrasing slur, multiple
 
 @cindex phrasing slur, simultaneous
 @cindex phrasing slur, multiple
 

-Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
+Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are entered using
+@code{\=} as with regular slurs, see @ref{Slurs}.

 
 @funindex phrasingSlurDashed
 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashed
 
 @funindex phrasingSlurDashed
 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashed


@@ -811,14 +907,16 @@ Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
 Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed.  Solid is the default
 style for phrasing slurs:
 
 Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed.  Solid is the default
 style for phrasing slurs:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4\( e g2\)
-\phrasingSlurDashed
-g4\( e c2\)
-\phrasingSlurDotted
-c4\( e g2\)
-\phrasingSlurSolid
-g4\( e c2\)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c'4\( e g2\)
+  \phrasingSlurDashed
+  g4\( e c2\)
+  \phrasingSlurDotted
+  c4\( e g2\)
+  \phrasingSlurSolid
+  g4\( e c2\)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfDashed
 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfDashed


@@ -832,14 +930,16 @@ Phrasing slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
 half dashed):
 
 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
 half dashed):
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4\( e g2\)
-\phrasingSlurHalfDashed
-g4\( e c2\)
-\phrasingSlurHalfSolid
-c4\( e g2\)
-\phrasingSlurSolid
-g4\( e c2\)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c'4\( e g2\)
+  \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
+  g4\( e c2\)
+  \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
+  c4\( e g2\)
+  \phrasingSlurSolid
+  g4\( e c2\)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashPattern
 @end lilypond
 
 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashPattern


@@ -850,14 +950,16 @@ g4\( e c2\)
 
 Custom dash patterns for phrasing slurs can be defined:
 
 
 Custom dash patterns for phrasing slurs can be defined:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-c4\( e g2\)
-\phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
-g4\( e c2\)
-\phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
-c4\( e g2\)
-\phrasingSlurSolid
-g4\( e c2\)
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  c'4\( e g2\)
+  \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
+  g4\( e c2\)
+  \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
+  c4\( e g2\)
+  \phrasingSlurSolid
+  g4\( e c2\)
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 Dash pattern definitions for phrasing slurs have the same structure
 @end lilypond
 
 Dash pattern definitions for phrasing slurs have the same structure


@@ -876,7 +978,6 @@ complex dash patterns, see the snippets under @ref{Slurs}.
 @code{\phrasingSlurSolid}.
 @endpredefined
 
 @code{\phrasingSlurSolid}.
 @endpredefined
 

-

 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
 @seealso
 Learning Manual:
 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.


@@ -902,15 +1003,21 @@ Internals Reference:
 
 Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
 
 
 Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2. \breathe d4
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+{ c''2. \breathe d''4 }

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

+Unlike other expressive marks, a breath mark is not associated with
+the preceding note but is a separate music event.  So all the
+expressive marks which are attached to the preceding note, any square
+brackets indicating manual beams, and any brackets indicating slurs
+and phrasing slurs must be placed before @code{\breathe}.
+

 A breath mark will end an automatic beam; to override this behavior, see
 @ref{Manual beams}.
 
 A breath mark will end an automatic beam; to override this behavior, see
 @ref{Manual beams}.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c8 \breathe d e f g2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative { c''8 \breathe d e f g2 }

 @end lilypond
 
 Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation,
 @end lilypond
 
 Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation,


@@ -919,16 +1026,20 @@ divisiones, are supported.  For details, see @ref{Divisiones}.
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
 
 {changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
 

+@cindex tick mark
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{using-a-tick-as-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
+

 @cindex caesura
 @cindex railroad tracks
 
 @cindex caesura
 @cindex railroad tracks
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {inserting-a-caesura.ly}
 
 {inserting-a-caesura.ly}
 

-

 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{caesura}.
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{caesura}.


@@ -959,25 +1070,22 @@ is indicated with a plus or minus (up or down).  The number
 indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
 @emph{beyond} the main note.
 
 indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
 @emph{beyond} the main note.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2-\bendAfter #+4
-c2-\bendAfter #-4
-c2-\bendAfter #+6.5
-c2-\bendAfter #-6.5
-c2-\bendAfter #+8
-c2-\bendAfter #-8
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c'' {
+  c2\bendAfter #+4
+  c2\bendAfter #-4
+  c2\bendAfter #+6.5
+  c2\bendAfter #-6.5
+  c2\bendAfter #+8
+  c2\bendAfter #-8
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

-The dash @code{-} immediately preceding the @code{\bendAfter}
-command is @emph{required} when writing falls and doits.
-
-

 @snippets
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits.ly}
 
 {adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits.ly}
 

-

 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{fall},
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{fall},


@@ -987,8 +1095,8 @@ Snippets:
 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
 
 
 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
 
 

-@node Lines
-@subsection Lines
+@node Expressive marks as lines
+@subsection Expressive marks as lines

 
 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
 follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
 
 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
 follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.


@@ -1006,22 +1114,76 @@ follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
 @funindex \glissando
 @funindex glissando
 
 @funindex \glissando
 @funindex glissando
 

-A @notation{glissando} is created by attaching @code{\glissando}
+A @notation{glissando} is created by appending @code{\glissando}

 to a note:
 
 to a note:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-g2\glissando g'
-c2\glissando c,
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  g'2\glissando g'
+  c2\glissando c,
+  \afterGrace f,1\glissando f'16
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+A glissando can connect notes across staves:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new PianoStaff <<
+  \new Staff = "right" {
+    e'''2\glissando
+    \change Staff = "left"
+    a,,4\glissando
+    \change Staff = "right"
+    b''8 r |
+  }
+  \new Staff = "left" {
+    \clef bass
+    s1
+  }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+A glissando can connect notes in chords.  If anything other than a
+direct one-to-one pairing of the notes in the two chords is required
+the connections between the notes are defined by setting
+@code{\glissandoMap}, where the notes of a chord are assumed to be
+numbered from zero in the order in which they appear in the input
+@file{.ly} file.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  <c' e>1\glissando g' |
+  <c, e>1\glissando |
+  <g' b> |
+  \break
+  \set glissandoMap = #'((0 . 1) (1 . 0))
+  <c, g'>1\glissando |
+  <d a'> |
+  \set glissandoMap = #'((0 . 0) (0 . 1) (0 . 2))
+  c1\glissando |
+  <d f a> |
+  \set glissandoMap = #'((2 . 0) (1 . 0) (0 . 1))
+  <f d a'>1\glissando |
+  <c c'> |
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 Different styles of glissandi can be created.  For details, see
 @ref{Line styles}.
 
 @end lilypond
 
 Different styles of glissandi can be created.  For details, see
 @ref{Line styles}.
 

-@snippets

 
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {contemporary-glissando.ly}
 
 {contemporary-glissando.ly}
 

+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{adding-timing-marks-to-long-glissandi.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{making-glissandi-breakable.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{extending-glissandi-across-repeats.ly}

 
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:


@@ -1036,9 +1198,7 @@ Snippets:
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Glissando}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Glissando}.
 

-

 @knownissues
 @knownissues

-

 Printing text over the line (such as @notation{gliss.}) is not
 supported.
 
 Printing text over the line (such as @notation{gliss.}) is not
 supported.
 


@@ -1062,24 +1222,26 @@ supported.
 An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
 is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
 
 An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
 is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-<c e g c>1\arpeggio
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative { <c' e g c>1\arpeggio }

 @end lilypond
 
 Different types of arpeggios may be written.
 @code{\arpeggioNormal} reverts to a normal arpeggio:
 
 @end lilypond
 
 Different types of arpeggios may be written.
 @code{\arpeggioNormal} reverts to a normal arpeggio:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  <c' e g c>2\arpeggio

 
 

-\arpeggioArrowUp
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioArrowUp
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio

 
 

-\arpeggioArrowDown
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioArrowDown
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio

 
 

-\arpeggioNormal
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioNormal
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex arpeggio symbols, special
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex arpeggio symbols, special


@@ -1094,24 +1256,27 @@ Different types of arpeggios may be written.
 
 Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
 
 
 Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-<c e g c>2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  <c' e g c>2

 
 

-\arpeggioBracket
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioBracket
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio

 
 

-\arpeggioParenthesis
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioParenthesis
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio

 
 

-\arpeggioParenthesisDashed
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio

 
 

-\arpeggioNormal
-<c e g c>2\arpeggio
+  \arpeggioNormal
+  <c e g c>2\arpeggio
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 The dash properties of the parenthesis arpeggio are controlled
 @end lilypond
 
 The dash properties of the parenthesis arpeggio are controlled

-with the @code{'dash-details} property, which is described at @ref{Slurs}.
+with the @code{'dash-definition} property, which is described at
+@ref{Slurs}.

 
 Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties.  For more
 information, see @ref{Ties}.
 
 Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties.  For more
 information, see @ref{Ties}.


@@ -1130,16 +1295,15 @@ information, see @ref{Ties}.
 
 @snippets
 
 
 @snippets
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff.ly}
 
 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts.ly}
 
 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts.ly}
 

-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]

 {creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices.ly}
 
 {creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices.ly}
 

-

 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{arpeggio}.
 @seealso
 Music Glossary:
 @rglos{arpeggio}.


@@ -1156,9 +1320,7 @@ Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{Slur},
 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
 
 @rinternals{Slur},
 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
 

-

 @knownissues
 @knownissues

-

 @cindex cross-staff parenthesis-style arpeggio
 @cindex arpeggio, parenthesis-style, cross-staff
 @cindex arpeggio, cross-staff parenthesis-style
 @cindex cross-staff parenthesis-style arpeggio
 @cindex arpeggio, parenthesis-style, cross-staff
 @cindex arpeggio, cross-staff parenthesis-style


@@ -1167,8 +1329,8 @@ It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
 arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
 time.
 
 arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
 time.
 

-The parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets do not work for
-cross-staff arpeggios.
+The simple way of setting parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets does not work for
+cross-staff arpeggios; see @ref{Cross-staff stems}.

 
 
 @node Trills
 
 
 @node Trills


@@ -1189,44 +1351,52 @@ Short trills without an extender line are printed with
 Longer trills with an extender line are made with
 @code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}:
 
 Longer trills with an extender line are made with
 @code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}:
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d1\startTrillSpan
-d1
-c2\stopTrillSpan
-r2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  d''1\startTrillSpan
+  d1
+  c2\stopTrillSpan
+  r2
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 A trill spanner crossing a line break will restart exactly above
 the first note on the new line.
 
 @end lilypond
 
 A trill spanner crossing a line break will restart exactly above
 the first note on the new line.
 

-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d1\startTrillSpan
-\break
-d1
-c2\stopTrillSpan
-r2
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  d''1\startTrillSpan
+  \break
+  d1
+  c2\stopTrillSpan
+  r2
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 Consecutive trill spans will work without explicit
 @code{\stopTrillSpan} commands, since successive trill spanners will
 automatically become the right bound of the previous trill.
 
 @end lilypond
 
 Consecutive trill spans will work without explicit
 @code{\stopTrillSpan} commands, since successive trill spanners will
 automatically become the right bound of the previous trill.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d1\startTrillSpan
-d1
-b1\startTrillSpan
-d2\stopTrillSpan
-r2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  d''1\startTrillSpan
+  d1
+  b1\startTrillSpan
+  d2\stopTrillSpan
+  r2
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 Trills can also be combined with grace notes.  The syntax of this
 construct and the method to precisely position the grace notes are
 described in @ref{Grace notes}.
 
 @end lilypond
 
 Trills can also be combined with grace notes.  The syntax of this
 construct and the method to precisely position the grace notes are
 described in @ref{Grace notes}.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d1~\afterGrace
-d1\startTrillSpan { c32[ d]\stopTrillSpan }
-c2 r2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  d''1~\afterGrace
+  d1\startTrillSpan { c32[ d]\stopTrillSpan }
+  c2 r2
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex pitched trills
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex pitched trills


@@ -1239,12 +1409,14 @@ be typeset with the @code{\pitchedTrill} command.  The first
 argument is the main note, and the second is the @emph{trilled}
 note, printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
 
 argument is the main note, and the second is the @emph{trilled}
 note, printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\pitchedTrill
-d2\startTrillSpan fis
-d2
-c2\stopTrillSpan
-r2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  \pitchedTrill
+  d''2\startTrillSpan fis
+  d2
+  c2\stopTrillSpan
+  r2
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex pitched trill with accidental
 @end lilypond
 
 @cindex pitched trill with accidental


@@ -1254,22 +1426,23 @@ Subsequent accidentals of the same note in the same measure will need
 to be added manually.  Only the accidental of the first pitched trill
 in a measure is printed.
 
 to be added manually.  Only the accidental of the first pitched trill
 in a measure is printed.
 

-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\pitchedTrill
-eis4\startTrillSpan fis
-eis4\stopTrillSpan
-\pitchedTrill
-eis4\startTrillSpan cis
-eis4\stopTrillSpan
-\pitchedTrill
-eis4\startTrillSpan fis
-eis4\stopTrillSpan
-\pitchedTrill
-eis4\startTrillSpan fis!
-eis4\stopTrillSpan
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+  \pitchedTrill
+  eis''4\startTrillSpan fis
+  eis4\stopTrillSpan
+  \pitchedTrill
+  eis4\startTrillSpan cis
+  eis4\stopTrillSpan
+  \pitchedTrill
+  eis4\startTrillSpan fis
+  eis4\stopTrillSpan
+  \pitchedTrill
+  eis4\startTrillSpan fis!
+  eis4\stopTrillSpan
+}

 @end lilypond
 
 @end lilypond
 

-

 @predefined
 @code{\startTrillSpan},
 @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
 @predefined
 @code{\startTrillSpan},
 @code{\stopTrillSpan}.


@@ -1288,4 +1461,3 @@ Snippets:
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{TrillSpanner}.
 
 Internals Reference:
 @rinternals{TrillSpanner}.

-