3 # midi2ly.py -- LilyPond midi import script
5 # source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
7 # convert MIDI to LilyPond source
13 * test on weird and unquantised midi input (lily-devel)
15 * update doc and manpage
17 * simply insert clef changes whenever too many ledger lines
18 [to avoid tex capacity exceeded]
19 * do not ever quant skips
20 * better lyrics handling
21 * [see if it is feasible to] move ly-classes to library for use in
22 other converters, while leaving midi specific stuff here
31 ################################################################
32 # Users of python modules should include this snippet.
34 # If set, LILYPONDPREFIX must take prevalence
35 # if datadir is not set, we're doing a build and LILYPONDPREFIX
36 datadir = '@local_lilypond_datadir@'
37 if not os.path.isdir (datadir):
38 datadir = '@lilypond_datadir@'
39 if os.environ.has_key ('LILYPONDPREFIX') :
40 datadir = os.environ['LILYPONDPREFIX']
41 while datadir[-1] == os.sep:
44 sys.path.insert (0, os.path.join (datadir, 'python'))
45 ################################################################
50 ################################################################
51 ################ CONSTANTS
56 scale_steps = [0,2,4,5,7,9,11]
64 start_quant_clocks = 0
66 duration_quant_clocks = 0
68 allowed_tuplet_clocks = []
70 explicit_durations_p = 0
75 ################################################################
77 localedir = '@localedir@'
80 gettext.bindtextdomain ('lilypond', localedir)
81 gettext.textdomain ('lilypond')
87 program_name = 'midi2ly'
88 program_version = '@TOPLEVEL_VERSION@'
90 errorport = sys.stderr
93 # temp_dir = os.path.join (original_dir, '%s.dir' % program_name)
94 # original_dir = os.getcwd ()
98 help_summary = _ ("Convert MIDI to LilyPond source")
100 option_definitions = [
101 ('', 'a', 'absolute-pitches', _ ("print absolute pitches")),
102 (_ ("DUR"), 'd', 'duration-quant', _ ("quantise note durations on DUR")),
103 ('', 'e', 'explicit-durations', _ ("print explicit durations")),
104 ('', 'h', 'help', _ ("this help")),
105 (_ ("ALT[:MINOR]"), 'k', 'key', _ ("set key: ALT=+sharps|-flats; MINOR=1")),
106 (_ ("FILE"), 'o', 'output', _ ("write ouput to FILE")),
107 (_ ("DUR"), 's', 'start-quant', _ ("quantise note starts on DUR")),
108 (_ ("DUR*NUM/DEN"), 't', 'allow-tuplet', _ ("allow tuplet durations DUR*NUM/DEN")),
109 ('', 'V', 'verbose', _ ("verbose")),
110 ('', 'v', 'version', _ ("print version number")),
111 ('', 'w', 'warranty', _ ("show warranty and copyright")),
112 ('', 'x', 'text-lyrics', _ ("treat every text as a lyric")),
115 ################################################################
116 # lilylib.py -- options and stuff
118 # source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
124 gettext.bindtextdomain ('lilypond', localedir)
125 gettext.textdomain ('lilypond')
131 if program_version == '@' + 'TOPLEVEL_VERSION' + '@':
132 program_version = '1.5.17'
135 sys.stdout.write ('%s (GNU LilyPond) %s\n' % (program_name, program_version))
139 sys.stdout.write ('\n')
140 sys.stdout.write (_ ('Copyright (c) %s by' % ' 2001--2002'))
141 sys.stdout.write ('\n')
142 sys.stdout.write (' Han-Wen Nienhuys')
143 sys.stdout.write (' Jan Nieuwenhuizen')
144 sys.stdout.write ('\n')
145 sys.stdout.write (_ (r'''
146 Distributed under terms of the GNU General Public License. It comes with
148 sys.stdout.write ('\n')
151 errorport.write (s + '\n')
154 progress (_ ("warning: ") + s)
159 '''Report the error S. Exit by raising an exception. Please
160 do not abuse by trying to catch this error. If you do not want
161 a stack trace, write to the output directly.
169 progress (_ ("error: ") + s)
170 raise _ ("Exiting ... ")
172 def getopt_args (opts):
173 '''Construct arguments (LONG, SHORT) for getopt from list of options.'''
188 def option_help_str (o):
189 '''Transform one option description (4-tuple ) into neatly formatted string'''
207 return ' ' + sh + sep + long + arg
210 def options_help_str (opts):
211 '''Convert a list of options into a neatly formatted string'''
217 s = option_help_str (o)
218 strs.append ((s, o[3]))
224 str = str + '%s%s%s\n' % (s[0], ' ' * (w - len(s[0]) + 3), s[1])
228 ls = [(_ ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE") % program_name),
234 (options_help_str (option_definitions)),
236 (_ ("Report bugs to %s") % 'bug-lilypond@gnu.org'),
238 map (sys.stdout.write, ls)
242 Create a temporary directory, and return its name.
245 if not keep_temp_dir_p:
246 temp_dir = tempfile.mktemp (program_name)
248 os.mkdir (temp_dir, 0777)
255 def system (cmd, ignore_error = 0):
256 """Run CMD. If IGNORE_ERROR is set, don't complain when CMD returns non zero.
264 progress (_ ("Invoking `%s\'") % cmd)
267 name = re.match ('[ \t]*([^ \t]*)', cmd).group (1)
268 msg = name + ': ' + _ ("command exited with value %d") % st
270 warning (msg + ' ' + _ ("(ignored)") + ' ')
278 if not keep_temp_dir_p:
280 progress (_ ("Cleaning %s...") % temp_dir)
281 shutil.rmtree (temp_dir)
284 def strip_extension (f, ext):
285 (p, e) = os.path.splitext (f)
290 ################################################################
292 ################################################################
298 allowed_durs = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128)
299 def __init__ (self, clocks):
302 self.clocks = duration_quant_clocks
303 (self.dur, self.num, self.den) = self.dur_num_den (clocks)
305 def dur_num_den (self, clocks):
306 for i in range (len (allowed_tuplet_clocks)):
307 if clocks == allowed_tuplet_clocks[i]:
308 return allowed_tuplets[i]
310 dur = 0; num = 1; den = 1;
311 g = gcd (clocks, clocks_per_1)
313 (dur, num) = (clocks_per_1 / g, clocks / g)
314 if not dur in self.allowed_durs:
315 dur = 4; num = clocks; den = clocks_per_4
316 return (dur, num, den)
322 elif self.num == 3 and self.dur != 1:
323 s = '%d.' % (self.dur / 2)
325 s = '%d*%d' % (self.dur, self.num)
327 s = '%d*%d/%d' % (self.dur, self.num, self.den)
329 global reference_note
330 reference_note.duration = self
334 def compare (self, other):
335 return self.clocks - other.clocks
344 names = (0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6)
345 alterations = (0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)
346 alteration_names = ('eses', 'es', '', 'is' , 'isis')
348 def __init__ (self, clocks, pitch, velocity):
350 self.velocity = velocity
353 self.duration = Duration (clocks)
354 (self.octave, self.notename, self.alteration) = self.o_n_a ()
358 # minor scale: la-la (= + 5) '''
360 n = self.names[(self.pitch) % 12]
361 a = self.alterations[(self.pitch) % 12]
364 a = - self.alterations[(self.pitch) % 12]
367 # By tradition, all scales now consist of a sequence
368 # of 7 notes each with a distinct name, from amongst
369 # a b c d e f g. But, minor scales have a wide
370 # second interval at the top - the 'leading note' is
371 # sharped. (Why? it just works that way! Anything
372 # else doesn't sound as good and isn't as flexible at
373 # saying things. In medieval times, scales only had 6
374 # notes to avoid this problem - the hexachords.)
376 # So, the d minor scale is d e f g a b-flat c-sharp d
377 # - using d-flat for the leading note would skip the
378 # name c and duplicate the name d. Why isn't c-sharp
379 # put in the key signature? Tradition. (It's also
380 # supposedly based on the Pythagorean theory of the
381 # cycle of fifths, but that really only applies to
382 # major scales...) Anyway, g minor is g a b-flat c d
383 # e-flat f-sharp g, and all the other flat minor keys
384 # end up with a natural leading note. And there you
387 # John Sankey <bf250@freenet.carleton.ca>
389 # Let's also do a-minor: a b c d e f gis a
393 o = self.pitch / 12 - 4
397 if key.sharps == 0 and key.flats == 0 \
398 and n == 5 and a == -1:
401 elif key.flats == 1 and n == 1 and a == -1:
404 elif key.flats == 2 and n == 4 and a == -1:
407 elif key.sharps == 5 and n == 4 and a == 0:
410 elif key.sharps == 6 and n == 1 and a == 0:
413 elif key.sharps == 7 and n == 5 and a == 0:
417 if key.flats >= 6 and n == 6 and a == 0:
418 n = 0; a = -1; o = o + 1
420 if key.flats >= 7 and n == 2 and a == 0:
424 if key.sharps >= 3 and n == 3 and a == 0:
427 if key.sharps >= 4 and n == 0 and a == 0:
428 n = 6; a = 1; o = o - 1
433 s = chr ((self.notename + 2) % 7 + ord ('a'))
434 s = s + self.alteration_names[self.alteration + 2]
438 delta = self.pitch - reference_note.pitch
439 commas = sign (delta) * (abs (delta) / 12)
441 * (self.notename - reference_note.notename) + 7) \
443 or ((self.notename == reference_note.notename) \
444 and (abs (delta) > 4) and (abs (delta) < 12)):
445 commas = commas + sign (delta)
450 s = s + "," * -commas
452 if explicit_durations_p \
453 or Duration.compare (self.duration, reference_note.duration):
454 s = s + self.duration.dump ()
456 global reference_note
457 reference_note = self
464 def __init__ (self, num, den):
469 def bar_clocks (self):
470 return clocks_per_1 * self.num / self.den
475 return '\n ' + '\\time %d/%d ' % (self.num, self.den) + '\n '
478 def __init__ (self, seconds_per_1):
480 self.seconds_per_1 = seconds_per_1
483 return '\n ' + '\\tempo 4 = %d ' % (4 * 60 / self.seconds_per_1) + '\n '
486 clefs = ('"bass_8"', 'bass', 'violin', '"violin^8"')
487 def __init__ (self, type):
491 return '\n \\clef %s\n ' % self.clefs[self.type]
494 key_sharps = ('c', 'g', 'd', 'a', 'e', 'b', 'fis')
495 key_flats = ('BUG', 'f', 'bes', 'es', 'as', 'des', 'ges')
497 def __init__ (self, sharps, flats, minor):
508 if self.sharps and self.flats:
509 s = '\\keysignature %s ' % 'TODO'
513 k = (ord ('cfbeadg'[self.flats % 7]) - ord ('a') - 2 -2 * self.minor + 7) % 7
515 k = (ord ('cgdaebf'[self.sharps % 7]) - ord ('a') - 2 -2 * self.minor + 7) % 7
518 name = chr ((k + 2) % 7 + ord ('a'))
520 name = chr ((k + 2) % 7 + ord ('a'))
522 # fis cis gis dis ais eis bis
523 sharps = (2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7)
524 # bes es as des ges ces fes
525 flats = (6, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3, 1)
528 if flats[k] <= self.flats:
531 if sharps[k] <= self.sharps:
535 name = name + Note.alteration_names[a + 2]
543 return '\n\n ' + s + '\n '
551 'SEQUENCE_TRACK_NAME',
557 def __init__ (self, type, text):
563 # urg, we should be sure that we're in a lyrics staff
564 if self.type == midi.LYRIC:
565 s = '"%s"' % self.text
566 d = Duration (self.clocks)
567 if explicit_durations_p \
568 or Duration.compare (d,
569 reference_note.duration):
570 s = s + Duration (self.clocks).dump ()
573 s = '\n % [' + self.text_types[self.type] + '] ' + self.text + '\n '
577 def split_track (track):
584 if data[0] > 0x7f and data[0] < 0xf0:
586 e = (e[0], tuple ([data[0] & 0xf0] + data[1:]))
596 for v in chs.values ():
597 events = events_on_channel (v)
598 thread = unthread_notes (events)
600 threads.append (thread)
604 def quantise_clocks (clocks, quant):
605 q = int (clocks / quant) * quant
607 for tquant in allowed_tuplet_clocks:
608 if int (clocks / tquant) * tquant == clocks:
610 if 2 * (clocks - q) > quant:
614 def end_note (pitches, notes, t, e):
616 (lt, vel) = pitches[e]
626 if duration_quant_clocks:
627 d = quantise_clocks (d, duration_quant_clocks)
629 d = duration_quant_clocks
632 (lt, Note (d, e, vel)))
637 def events_on_channel (channel):
647 if start_quant_clocks:
648 t = quantise_clocks (t, start_quant_clocks)
651 if e[1][0] == midi.NOTE_OFF \
652 or (e[1][0] == midi.NOTE_ON and e[1][2] == 0):
653 end_note (pitches, notes, t, e[1][1])
655 elif e[1][0] == midi.NOTE_ON:
656 if not pitches.has_key (e[1][1]):
657 pitches[e[1][1]] = (t, e[1][2])
659 # all include ALL_NOTES_OFF
660 elif e[1][0] >= midi.ALL_SOUND_OFF \
661 and e[1][0] <= midi.POLY_MODE_ON:
662 for i in pitches.keys ():
663 end_note (pitches, notes, t, i)
665 elif e[1][0] == midi.META_EVENT:
666 if e[1][1] == midi.END_OF_TRACK:
667 for i in pitches.keys ():
668 end_note (pitches, notes, t, i)
671 elif e[1][1] == midi.SET_TEMPO:
672 (u0, u1, u2) = map (ord, e[1][2])
673 us_per_4 = u2 + 256 * (u1 + 256 * u0)
674 seconds_per_1 = us_per_4 * 4 / 1e6
675 events.append ((t, Tempo (seconds_per_1)))
676 elif e[1][1] == midi.TIME_SIGNATURE:
677 (num, dur, clocks4, count32) = map (ord, e[1][2])
679 events.append ((t, Time (num, den)))
680 elif e[1][1] == midi.KEY_SIGNATURE:
681 (alterations, minor) = map (ord, e[1][2])
684 if alterations < 127:
687 flats = 256 - alterations
689 k = Key (sharps, flats, minor)
690 events.append ((t, k))
692 # ugh, must set key while parsing
693 # because Note init uses key
694 # Better do Note.calc () at dump time?
698 elif e[1][1] == midi.LYRIC \
699 or (text_lyrics_p and e[1][1] == midi.TEXT_EVENT):
701 last_lyric.clocks = t - last_time
702 events.append ((last_time, last_lyric))
704 last_lyric = Text (midi.LYRIC, e[1][2])
706 elif e[1][1] >= midi.SEQUENCE_NUMBER \
707 and e[1][1] <= midi.CUE_POINT:
708 events.append ((t, Text (e[1][1], e[1][2])))
711 sys.stderr.write ("SKIP: %s\n" % `e`)
715 sys.stderr.write ("SKIP: %s\n" % `e`)
719 # last_lyric.clocks = t - last_time
721 last_lyric.clocks = clocks_per_4
722 events.append ((last_time, last_lyric))
727 if i < len (events) and notes[0][0] >= events[i][0]:
730 events.insert (i, notes[0])
734 def unthread_notes (channel):
743 if e[1].__class__ == Note \
744 and ((t == start_busy_t \
745 and e[1].clocks + t == end_busy_t) \
749 end_busy_t = t + e[1].clocks
750 elif e[1].__class__ == Time \
751 or e[1].__class__ == Key \
752 or e[1].__class__ == Text \
753 or e[1].__class__ == Tempo:
757 threads.append (thread)
772 def dump_skip (skip, clocks):
773 return skip + Duration (clocks).dump () + ' '
782 if i.__class__ == Note:
787 s = s + dump (notes[0])
788 elif len (notes) > 1:
789 global reference_note
791 s = s + notes[0].dump ()
799 def dump_bar_line (last_bar_t, t, bar_count):
801 bar_t = time.bar_clocks ()
802 if t - last_bar_t >= bar_t:
803 bar_count = bar_count + (t - last_bar_t) / bar_t
805 if t - last_bar_t == bar_t:
806 s = '|\n %% %d\n ' % bar_count
809 # urg, this will barf at meter changes
810 last_bar_t = last_bar_t + (t - last_bar_t) / bar_t * bar_t
812 return (s, last_bar_t, bar_count)
815 def dump_channel (thread, skip):
816 global key, reference_note, time
820 # urg LilyPond doesn't start at c4, but
821 # remembers from previous tracks!
822 # reference_note = Note (clocks_per_4, 4*12, 0)
823 reference_note = Note (0, 4*12, 0)
829 if last_e and last_e[0] == e[0]:
833 chs.append ((last_e[0], ch))
840 chs.append ((last_e[0], ch))
850 i = string.rfind (lines[-1], '\n') + 1
851 if len (lines[-1][i:]) > LINE_BELL:
855 lines[-1] = lines[-1] + dump_skip (skip, t-last_t)
857 errorport.write ('BUG: time skew')
859 (s, last_bar_t, bar_count) = dump_bar_line (last_bar_t,
861 lines[-1] = lines[-1] + s
863 lines[-1] = lines[-1] + dump_chord (ch[1])
867 if i.clocks > clocks:
872 (s, last_bar_t, bar_count) = dump_bar_line (last_bar_t,
874 lines[-1] = lines[-1] + s
876 return string.join (lines, '\n ') + '\n'
879 return 'track%c' % (i + ord ('A'))
881 def channel_name (i):
882 return 'channel%c' % (i + ord ('A'))
884 def dump_track (channels, n):
886 track = track_name (n)
887 clef = guess_clef (channels)
889 for i in range (len (channels)):
890 channel = channel_name (i)
891 item = thread_first_item (channels[i])
893 if item and item.__class__ == Note:
895 s = s + '%s = \\notes' % (track + channel)
897 s = s + '\\relative c '
898 elif item and item.__class__ == Text:
900 s = s + '%s = \\lyrics ' % (track + channel)
903 # must be in \notes mode for parsing \skip
904 s = s + '%s = \\notes ' % (track + channel)
906 s = s + ' ' + dump_channel (channels[i][0], skip)
909 s = s + '%s = <\n' % track
912 s = s + clef.dump () + '\n'
914 for i in range (len (channels)):
915 channel = channel_name (i)
916 item = thread_first_item (channels[i])
917 if item and item.__class__ == Text:
918 s = s + ' \\context Lyrics = %s \\%s\n' % (channel,
921 s = s + ' \\context Voice = %s \\%s\n' % (channel,
926 def thread_first_item (thread):
929 if event[1].__class__ == Note \
930 or (event[1].__class__ == Text \
931 and event[1].type == midi.LYRIC):
935 def track_first_item (track):
937 return thread_first_item (thread)
939 def guess_clef (track):
945 if event[1].__class__ == Note:
947 p = p + event[1].pitch
948 if i and p / i <= 3*12:
950 elif i and p / i <= 5*12:
952 elif i and p / i >= 7*12:
958 def convert_midi (f, o):
959 global clocks_per_1, clocks_per_4, key
961 str = open (f).read ()
962 midi_dump = midi.parse (str)
964 clocks_per_1 = midi_dump[0][1]
965 clocks_per_4 = clocks_per_1 / 4
967 global start_quant, start_quant_clocks
969 start_quant_clocks = clocks_per_1 / start_quant
971 global duration_quant, duration_quant_clocks
973 duration_quant_clocks = clocks_per_1 / duration_quant
975 global allowed_tuplet_clocks
976 allowed_tuplet_clocks = []
977 for (dur, num, den) in allowed_tuplets:
978 allowed_tuplet_clocks.append (clocks_per_1 * num / (dur * den))
981 for t in midi_dump[1]:
983 tracks.append (split_track (t))
985 tag = '%% Lily was here -- automatically converted by %s from %s' % ( program_name, f)
989 for i in range (len (tracks)):
990 s = s + dump_track (tracks[i], i)
992 s = s + '\n\\score {\n <\n'
993 for i in range (len (tracks)):
994 track = track_name (i)
995 item = track_first_item (tracks[i])
996 if item and item.__class__ == Note:
997 s = s + ' \\context Staff=%s \\%s\n' % (track, track)
998 elif item and item.__class__ == Text:
999 s = s + ' \\context Lyrics=%s \\%s\n' % (track, track)
1002 progress (_ ("%s output to `%s'...") % ('LY', o))
1013 (sh, long) = getopt_args (option_definitions)
1015 (options, files) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], sh, long)
1016 except getopt.error, s:
1017 errorport.write ('\n')
1018 errorport.write (_ ("error: ") + _ ("getopt says: `%s\'" % s))
1019 errorport.write ('\n')
1020 errorport.write ('\n')
1030 elif o == '--help' or o == '-h':
1032 errorport.write ('\n')
1033 errorport.write (_ ("Example:"))
1034 errorport.write (r'''
1035 midi2ly --key=-2:1 --duration-quant=32 \
1036 --allow-tuplet=4*2/3 --allow-tuplet=2*4/3 foo.midi
1039 elif o == '--output' or o == '-o':
1041 elif o == '--verbose' or o == '-V':
1043 elif o == '--version' or o == '-v':
1046 elif o == '--warranty' or o == '-w':
1047 status = system ('lilypond -w', ignore_error = 1)
1053 elif o == '--absolute-pitches' or o == '-a':
1056 elif o == '--duration-quant' or o == '-d':
1057 global duration_quant
1058 duration_quant = string.atoi (a)
1059 elif o == '--explicit-durations' or o == '-e':
1060 global explicit_durations_p
1061 explicit_durations_p = 1
1062 elif o == '--key' or o == '-k':
1063 (alterations, minor) = map (string.atoi, string.split (a + ':0', ':'))[0:2]
1066 if alterations >= 0:
1067 sharps = alterations
1069 flats = - alterations
1071 key = Key (sharps, flats, minor)
1072 elif o == '--start-quant' or o == '-s':
1073 start_quant = string.atoi (a)
1074 elif o == '--allow-tuplet' or o == '-t':
1075 a = string.replace (a, '/', '*')
1076 tuplet = map (string.atoi, string.split (a, '*'))
1077 allowed_tuplets.append (tuplet)
1078 # lots of midi files use plain text for lyric events
1079 elif o == '--text-lyrics' or o == '-x':
1083 if not files or files[0] == '-':
1085 # FIXME: read from stdin when files[0] = '-'
1087 errorport.write (program_name + ":" + _ ("error: ") + _ ("no files specified on command line.") + '\n')
1094 g = strip_extension (g, '.midi')
1095 g = strip_extension (g, '.mid')
1096 g = strip_extension (g, '.MID')
1097 (outdir, outbase) = ('','')
1101 outbase = os.path.basename (g)
1102 o = os.path.join (outdir, outbase + '-midi.ly')
1103 elif output_name[-1] == os.sep:
1104 outdir = output_name
1105 outbase = os.path.basename (g)
1106 os.path.join (outdir, outbase + '-gen.ly')
1109 (outdir, outbase) = os.path.split (o)
1111 if outdir != '.' and outdir != '':
1113 os.mkdir (outdir, 0777)