1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
15 @c TODO: delete this comment block
16 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
17 @c Done, see @node Lyrics independent of notes ----FV
19 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
20 @c Done, see @node Working with lyrics and variables ----FV
22 @c partially done, needs improvement, see Switching to an alternative melody ----FV
25 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
27 > later than expected. I could be wrong, but I don't think this
31 If you read section "Switching the melody associated with a lyrics
33 it indeed says "Again, the command must be one syllable too
35 One problem with the current formulation is that the "Again"
36 refers to what's described 2 subsections earlier in "Lyrics to
37 multiple notes of a melisma", which isn't obvious unless you have
42 @c Done in @node Extenders and hyphens ---FV
43 @c also done (duplicated) in @node Multiple notes to one syllable --FV
44 I don't know who's working on the vocal music right now, but I
45 found something that should be clarified in NR 2.1.2.4.
47 It should be made clear that __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
48 and _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are
49 used. The example shows it, but there is no description of the
50 lyrics extender in this section.
54 Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
55 consider when working with vocal music:
59 Song texts must be entered as text, not notes. For example, the
60 input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
64 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
67 There are a few different ways to define lyrics; we shall begin
68 by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
71 * Common notation for vocals::
72 * Aligning lyrics to a melody::
73 * Placement of lyrics::
78 @node Common notation for vocals
79 @subsection Common notation for vocals
82 * References for vocal music::
83 * Setting simple songs::
85 * Working with lyrics and variables::
88 @node References for vocal music
89 @subsubsection References for vocal music
94 @q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
95 notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
96 @ref{Special note heads}.
99 @node Setting simple songs
100 @subsubsection Setting simple songs
104 The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
107 \addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
111 to a melody. Here is an example,
113 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
115 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
116 \addlyrics { play the game }
119 More stanzas can be added by adding more
120 @code{\addlyrics} sections
122 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
124 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
125 \addlyrics { play the game }
126 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
127 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
130 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
131 cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
132 introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}.
136 @node Entering lyrics
137 @subsubsection Entering lyrics
142 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
143 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
145 Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
146 by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
147 @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
148 with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
149 a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
150 like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
153 \lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
156 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
157 of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
158 explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
159 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
162 @c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
164 A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
166 any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
167 that is not a digit or white space.
169 Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
170 part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
171 can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
174 \lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
177 In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
178 opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
182 @funindex \property in \lyricmode
185 Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
186 the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
187 property commands: do @emph{not} write
190 \override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
197 \override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
201 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
202 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
203 @cindex ties, in lyrics
205 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
206 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
207 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
209 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
211 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
212 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
213 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
214 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
217 The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
218 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
222 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
223 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
224 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
225 it with UTF-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
227 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
228 \relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
229 \addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple go”. }
232 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
235 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
236 \relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
237 \addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
240 The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
243 A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
244 @code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
245 through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
246 any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
247 combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
248 @code{"}, or @code{^}.
250 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
252 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
256 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
259 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
262 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
264 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
273 @rinternals{LyricText},
274 @rinternals{LyricSpace}.
276 @node Working with lyrics and variables
277 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
279 @cindex lyrics, variables
281 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
282 must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
283 @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
284 when invoking your variable.
287 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
290 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
293 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
295 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
300 For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
301 hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
304 \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
305 \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
306 \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
307 \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
311 and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
314 \context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
320 The final input would resemble
323 <<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
324 \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
325 \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
332 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
333 The problem cannot be reproduced.
334 The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
335 A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
338 Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
339 context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
340 the next erroneous example:
343 words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
347 \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
348 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
349 \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
350 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
354 the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
355 created by "\new Lyrics".
357 Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
364 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
366 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
370 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
371 @subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
378 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
382 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
385 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
390 by automatically aligning
391 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
395 or by specifying the duration of each syllable
396 explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
400 * Automatic syllable durations::
401 * Manual syllable durations::
402 * Multiple syllables to one note::
403 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
405 * Extenders and hyphens::
406 * Lyrics and repeats::
409 @node Automatic syllable durations
410 @subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
412 @cindex automatic syllable durations
413 @cindex lyrics and melodies
415 The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
416 automatically. This is achieved by combining the
417 melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
420 \new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
423 This aligns the lyrics to the
424 notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
425 already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
426 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
427 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
428 @code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
430 The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
432 @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
434 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
437 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
440 % not recommended: left aligns syllables
441 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
443 % wrong: durations needed
444 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
447 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
451 The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
452 were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
454 The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
455 to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
460 \addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
467 \new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
468 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
471 @node Manual syllable durations
472 @subsubsection Manual syllable durations
474 Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
475 @code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
476 syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
477 duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
484 The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
485 @code{associatedVoice} property,
488 \set associatedVoice = #"lala"
492 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
493 a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
494 will not be formatted properly.
496 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
498 @lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
499 << \new Voice = "melody" {
503 \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
504 \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
515 @node Multiple syllables to one note
516 @subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note
520 @cindex ties, in lyrics
522 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
523 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
524 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
525 tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
527 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
530 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
532 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
533 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
534 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
535 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
541 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
543 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
544 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
547 @node Multiple notes to one syllable
548 @subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable
552 @cindex phrasing, in lyrics
554 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
555 single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
557 @c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
558 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
560 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
561 for every note that is part of the melisma.
564 @c duplicated: TODO fix
565 Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
566 the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
567 first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
568 that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
569 double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
570 notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
572 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
573 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
574 c d( e) f f( e) e e }
576 { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
579 In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
580 set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
582 However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
583 detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
584 syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
585 an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
586 after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
589 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
591 \new Voice = "lala" {
599 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
605 In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
606 beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
607 behavior}) is switched off.
609 @c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for
610 @c the following link (?)
615 A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
616 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
621 @code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
622 @funindex \melismaEnd
628 @rinternals{Melisma_translator}.
630 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
634 Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
638 @subsubsection Skipping notes
640 Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
641 inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
642 the text will be delayed another note.
646 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
647 \relative c' { c c g' }
655 @node Extenders and hyphens
656 @subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
661 @c leave this as samp. -gp
662 Melismata are sometimes indicated with a long horizontal line starting
663 in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one. Such a line is
664 called an extender line, and it is entered as @samp{ __ } (note the
665 spaces before and after the two underscore characters).
667 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
668 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
669 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
670 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
675 @c leave this as samp. -gp
676 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
677 (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
678 will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
679 depending on the space between the syllables.
681 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
682 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
683 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
684 (threshold below which hyphens are removed).
689 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
690 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}
692 @node Lyrics and repeats
693 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
695 @c TODO New section. Add text
699 @node Placement of lyrics
700 @subsection Placement of lyrics
702 Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
703 differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
708 * Lyrics independent of notes::
710 * Spacing out syllables::
711 * Centering lyrics between staves::
717 @subsubsection Divisi lyrics
719 You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
720 contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
722 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
724 \new Voice = "melody" {
729 \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
734 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
735 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
740 You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
743 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
745 \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
747 \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
749 \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
752 \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
754 \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
755 dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
762 @node Lyrics independent of notes
763 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
765 @cindex Devnull context
767 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
768 lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
769 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
770 @code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
773 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
776 \tag #'music { c''2 }
777 \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
781 lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
784 \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
785 \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
786 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
787 \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
788 c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
792 This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
793 context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
794 @code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
795 makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
796 melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
797 the implicit melismata get ignored.
799 @c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
801 @c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
805 @subsubsection Chants
807 @c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
810 @node Spacing out syllables
811 @subsubsection Spacing out syllables
813 @cindex Spacing lyrics
814 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
816 To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
819 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
822 \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
826 longtext longtext longtext longtext
827 longtext longtext longtext longtext
831 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
834 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
841 longtext longtext longtext longtext
842 longtext longtext longtext longtext
847 \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
854 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
860 Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
861 a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
862 not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
865 \override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
868 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
874 \consists "Bar_engraver"
875 \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
876 \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
881 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
882 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
883 @c even when notes are tied. -td
888 \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
893 @node Centering lyrics between staves
894 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
896 @c TODO Add text from -user
903 * Adding stanza numbers ::
904 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
905 * Adding singers' names to stanzas::
906 * Stanzas with different rhythms::
907 * Printing stanzas at the end ::
908 * Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
912 @node Adding stanza numbers
913 @subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
915 @cindex stanza number
917 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
919 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
921 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
927 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
933 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
935 @c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
936 @c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
937 @c (might need improving a bit) -td
940 leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
944 \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
945 \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
946 Lend thine ear to what I say.
952 % \set stanza = \markup { " "}
953 \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
954 Than to have you walk in truth.
960 \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
961 c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
962 } \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
963 \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
967 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
968 @subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
970 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
971 dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
972 front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
973 are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
974 outside @code{\lyricmode}:
976 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
978 \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
985 \new Voice = "tune" {
989 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
993 @node Adding singers' names to stanzas
994 @subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas
997 @cindex name of singer
999 Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
1000 the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
1001 @code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
1003 @lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
1005 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
1007 \set vocalName = "Bert "
1008 Hi, my name is Bert.
1010 \set vocalName = "Ernie "
1011 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
1015 @node Stanzas with different rhythms
1016 @subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms
1018 @subsubheading Ignoring melismata
1020 One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
1021 multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
1022 voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
1023 @code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
1025 There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
1026 must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
1027 in the text, as shown here,
1029 @c TODO: breaks compile
1030 @c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
1031 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
1033 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1034 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1040 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1043 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1044 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
1046 \unset ignoreMelismata
1053 The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
1054 should be entered before @q{go}.
1057 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
1059 More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
1060 to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
1061 done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
1063 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
1065 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1066 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1069 \new Voice = "alternative" {
1072 % show associations clearly.
1073 \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
1084 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1085 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1087 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1088 % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
1089 % one syllable too soon!
1090 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1094 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1100 the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
1103 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1104 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1109 The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
1110 for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
1111 This is achieved with
1113 \set associatedVoice = alternative
1117 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
1118 containing the triplet.
1120 This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
1121 case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
1122 later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
1126 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1127 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1131 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1137 The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
1138 @code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
1141 @node Printing stanzas at the end
1142 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
1144 Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
1145 to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
1146 the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
1147 the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
1148 of the main score block. Notice that there are two
1149 different ways to force linebreaks when using
1152 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
1153 melody = \relative c' {
1159 \set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
1160 its fleece was white as snow.
1164 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1165 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1171 \line{ All the children laughed and played }
1172 \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
1179 Mary took it home again,
1181 It was against the rule."
1186 @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1187 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1189 When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
1190 multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
1191 introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
1194 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
1195 melody = \relative c' {
1200 \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
1205 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1206 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1213 \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
1214 % can be removed if space on the page is tight
1218 "This is verse two."
1222 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1225 "This is verse three."
1230 \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
1231 % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
1232 % until the result looks good
1236 "This is verse four."
1240 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1243 "This is verse five."
1248 \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
1249 % can be removed if page space is tight
1257 Internals Reference:
1258 @rinternals{LyricText},
1259 @rinternals{StanzaNumber},
1260 @rinternals{VocalName}.