1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
16 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
17 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
21 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
23 > later than expected. I could be wrong, but I don't think this
27 If you read section "Switching the melody associated with a lyrics
29 it indeed says "Again, the command must be one syllable too
31 One problem with the current formulation is that the "Again"
32 refers to what's described 2 subsections earlier in "Lyrics to
33 multiple notes of a melisma", which isn't obvious unless you have
39 Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
40 consider when working with vocal music:
44 Song texts must be entered as text, not notes. For example, the
45 input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
49 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
52 There are a few different ways to define lyrics; we shall begin
53 by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
56 * Common notation for vocals::
57 * Aligning lyrics to a melody::
58 * Placement of lyrics::
64 Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
65 a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
66 not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
69 \override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
72 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
78 \consists "Bar_engraver"
79 \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
80 \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
85 @node Common notation for vocals
86 @subsection Common notation for vocals
89 * References for vocal music::
90 * Setting simple songs::
92 * Working with lyrics and variables::
95 @node References for vocal music
96 @subsubsection References for vocal music
101 @q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
102 notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
103 @ref{Special note heads}.
106 @node Setting simple songs
107 @subsubsection Setting simple songs
111 The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
114 \addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
118 to a melody. Here is an example,
120 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
122 \relative { c2 e4 g2. }
123 \addlyrics { play the game }
126 More stanzas can be added by adding more
127 @code{\addlyrics} sections
129 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
131 \relative { c2 e4 g2. }
132 \addlyrics { play the game }
133 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
134 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
137 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
138 cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
139 introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}.
143 @node Entering lyrics
144 @subsubsection Entering lyrics
149 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
150 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
152 Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
153 by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
154 @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
155 with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
156 a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
157 like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
160 \lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
163 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
164 of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
165 explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
166 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
169 @c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
171 A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
173 any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
174 that is not a digit or white space.
176 Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
177 part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
178 can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
181 \lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
184 In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
185 opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
189 @funindex \property in \lyricmode
192 Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
193 the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
194 property commands: do @emph{not} write
197 \override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
204 \override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
208 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
209 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
210 @cindex ties, in lyrics
212 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
213 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
214 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
216 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
218 \relative { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
219 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
220 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
221 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
224 The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
225 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
229 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
230 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
231 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
232 it with utf-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
236 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
237 \relative { e4 f e d e f e2 }
238 \addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple goâ€
\9d. }
241 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
244 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
245 \relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
246 \addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
249 The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
252 A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
253 @code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
254 through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
255 any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
256 combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
257 @code{"}, or @code{^}.
259 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
261 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
265 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
268 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
271 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
273 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
281 Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricText}, @rinternals{LyricSpace}.
283 @node Working with lyrics and variables
284 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
286 @cindex lyrics, variables
288 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
289 must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
290 @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
291 when invoking your variable.
294 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
297 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
300 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
302 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
307 For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
308 hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
311 \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
312 \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
313 \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
314 \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
318 and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
321 \context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
327 The final input would resemble
330 <<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
331 \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
332 \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
339 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
340 Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
344 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
345 @subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
352 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
356 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
359 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
364 by automatically aligning
365 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
369 or by specifying the duration of each syllable
370 explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
374 * Automatic syllable durations::
375 * Manual syllable durations::
376 * Multiple syllables to one note::
377 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
379 * Extenders and hyphens::
380 * Lyrics and repeats::
383 @node Automatic syllable durations
384 @subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
386 @cindex automatic syllable durations
387 @cindex lyrics and melodies
389 The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
390 automatically. This is achieved by combining the
391 melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
394 \new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
397 This aligns the lyrics to the
398 notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
399 already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
400 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
401 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
402 @code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
404 The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
406 @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
408 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
411 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
413 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
414 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
415 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
419 The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
420 were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
422 The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
423 to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
428 \addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
435 \new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
436 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
439 @node Manual syllable durations
440 @subsubsection Manual syllable durations
442 Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
443 @code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
444 syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
445 duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
452 The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
453 @code{associatedVoice} property,
456 \set associatedVoice = #"lala"
460 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
461 a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
462 will not be formatted properly.
464 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
466 @lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
467 << \new Voice = "melody" {
471 \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
472 \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
479 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Lyrics}.
482 @node Multiple syllables to one note
483 @subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note
487 @cindex ties, in lyrics
489 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
490 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
491 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
492 tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
494 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
497 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
499 \relative { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
500 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
501 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
502 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
507 Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
509 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
510 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
513 @node Multiple notes to one syllable
514 @subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable
518 @cindex phrasing, in lyrics
520 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
521 single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
523 @c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
524 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
526 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
528 that is part of the melisma.
530 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
531 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
532 c d( e) f f( e) e e }
534 { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
537 In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
538 set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
540 However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
541 detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
542 syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
543 an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
544 after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
547 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
549 \new Voice = "lala" {
557 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
563 In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
564 beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
565 behavior}) is switched off.
567 @c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for
568 @c the following link (?)
573 A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
574 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
579 @code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
580 @funindex \melismaEnd
585 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Melisma_translator}.
587 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
591 Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
595 @subsubsection Skipping notes
597 Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
598 inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
599 the text will be delayed another note.
603 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
612 @node Extenders and hyphens
613 @subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
618 @c leave this as samp. -gp
619 Melismata are indicated with a horizontal line centered between a syllable
620 and the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is entered
621 as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two underscore
626 @c leave this as samp. -gp
627 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
628 (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
629 will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
630 depending on the space between the syllables.
632 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
633 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
634 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
635 (threshold below which hyphens are removed).
639 Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricExtender},
640 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}
642 @node Lyrics and repeats
643 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
645 @c TODO New section. Add text
649 @node Placement of lyrics
650 @subsection Placement of lyrics
652 Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
653 differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
658 * Lyrics independent of notes::
660 * Spacing out syllables::
661 * Centering lyrics between staves::
667 @subsubsection Divisi lyrics
669 You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
670 contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
672 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
674 \new Voice = "melody" {
679 \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
684 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
685 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
690 You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
693 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
695 \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
697 \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
699 \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
702 \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
704 \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
705 dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
712 @node Lyrics independent of notes
713 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
715 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
716 lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
717 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
718 @code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
721 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
724 \tag #'music { c''2 }
725 \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
729 lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
732 \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
733 \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
734 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
735 \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
736 c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
741 @subsubsection Chants
743 @c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
746 @node Spacing out syllables
747 @subsubsection Spacing out syllables
749 @cindex Spacing lyrics
750 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
752 To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
755 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
758 \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
762 longtext longtext longtext longtext
763 longtext longtext longtext longtext
767 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
770 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
777 longtext longtext longtext longtext
778 longtext longtext longtext longtext
783 \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
790 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
793 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
794 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
795 @c even when notes are tied. -td
800 \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
804 @node Centering lyrics between staves
805 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
807 @c TODO Add text from -user
814 * Adding stanza numbers ::
815 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
816 * Adding singers' names to stanzas::
817 * Stanzas with different rhythms::
818 * Printing stanzas at the end ::
819 * Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
823 @node Adding stanza numbers
824 @subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
826 @cindex stanza number
828 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
830 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
832 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
838 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
843 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
845 @c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
846 @c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
847 @c (might need improving a bit) -td
850 leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
854 \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
855 \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
856 Lend thine ear to what I say.
862 % \set stanza = \markup { " "}
863 \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
864 Than to have you walk in truth.
870 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
871 @subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
873 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
874 dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
875 front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
876 are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
877 outside @code{\lyricmode}:
879 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
881 \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
888 \new Voice = "tune" {
892 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
896 @node Adding singers' names to stanzas
897 @subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas
900 @cindex name of singer
902 Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
903 the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
904 @code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
906 @lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
908 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
910 \set vocalName = "Bert "
913 \set vocalName = "Ernie "
914 Oh, che -- ri, je t'aime
918 @node Stanzas with different rhythms
919 @subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms
921 @subsubheading Ignoring melismata
923 One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
924 multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
925 voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
926 @code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
928 There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
929 must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
930 in the text, as shown here,
932 @c TODO: breaks compile
933 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
936 \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
937 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
943 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
946 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
947 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
949 \unset ignoreMelismata
957 The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
958 should be entered before @q{go}.
961 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
963 More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
964 to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
965 done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
967 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
969 \relative \new Voice = "lahlah" {
970 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
973 \new Voice = "alternative" {
976 % show associations clearly.
977 \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
988 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
989 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
991 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
992 % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
993 % one syllable too soon!
994 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
998 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1004 the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
1007 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1008 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1013 The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
1014 for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
1015 This is achieved with
1017 \set associatedVoice = alternative
1021 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
1022 containing the triplet.
1024 Again, the command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in
1028 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1029 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1033 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1039 The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
1040 @code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
1043 @node Printing stanzas at the end
1044 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
1046 Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
1047 to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
1048 the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
1049 the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
1050 of the main score block. Notice that there are two
1051 different ways to force linebreaks when using
1054 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
1055 melody = \relative c' {
1061 \set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
1062 its fleece was white as snow.
1066 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1067 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1073 \line{ All the children laughed and played }
1074 \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
1081 Mary took it home again,
1083 It was against the rule."
1088 @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1089 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1091 When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
1092 multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
1093 introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
1096 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
1097 melody = \relative c' {
1102 \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
1107 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1108 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1115 \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin; can be removed if
1116 % space on the page is tight
1120 "This is verse two."
1124 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1127 "This is verse three."
1132 \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns; if they are
1133 % still too close, add more " " pairs until the result
1138 "This is verse four."
1142 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1145 "This is verse five."
1150 \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin; can
1151 % be removed if page space is tight
1159 Internals Reference: @rinternals{LyricText}, @rinternals{StanzaNumber},
1160 @rinternals{VocalName}.