1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
14 @c TODO: inspirational headword
16 This section explains how to typeset vocal music, and make sure
17 that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
21 * Aligning lyrics to a melody::
22 * Specific uses of lyrics::
27 @subsection Entering lyrics
29 @c TODO add one sentence here. -vv
33 * Setting simple songs::
34 * Working with lyrics and variables::
35 * References for vocal music::
39 @node Lyrics explained
40 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics explained
45 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
46 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
48 @c FIXME: this section is to be rewritten.
49 Since LilyPond input files are text, there is at least one
50 issue to consider when working with vocal music:
51 song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the
52 input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable,
54 Therefore, a special lyric mode has to be used, either explicitely
55 or using some abbreviated methods.
57 Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
58 by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
59 @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
60 with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
61 a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
62 like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
65 \lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
68 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
69 of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
70 explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
71 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
74 @c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
76 A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
78 any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
79 that is not a digit or white space.
81 Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
82 part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
83 can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
86 \lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
89 In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
90 opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
94 @funindex \property in \lyricmode
97 Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
98 the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
99 property commands: do @emph{not} write
102 \override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
109 \override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
113 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
114 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
115 @cindex ties, in lyrics
117 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
118 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
119 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
121 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
123 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
124 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
125 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
126 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
130 The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character
131 @code{U+203F}; therefore a font that includes this glyph
132 (such as DejaVuLGC) has to be used. More explanations about
133 text and non-text fonts can be found in @ref{Fonts}.
136 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
137 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
138 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
139 it with UTF-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
141 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
142 \relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
143 \addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple go”. }
146 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
149 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
150 \relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
151 \addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
154 The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
157 A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
158 @code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
159 through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
160 any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
161 combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
162 @code{"}, or @code{^}.
164 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
166 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
170 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
173 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
176 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
178 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
190 @rinternals{LyricText},
191 @rinternals{LyricSpace}.
194 @node Setting simple songs
195 @unnumberedsubsubsec Setting simple songs
199 The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
202 \addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
206 to a melody. Here is an example,
208 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
210 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
211 \addlyrics { play the game }
214 More stanzas can be added by adding more
215 @code{\addlyrics} sections
217 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
219 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
220 \addlyrics { play the game }
221 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
222 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
225 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
226 cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
227 introduced in @ref{Lyrics explained}.
229 @c TODO: one additional section may be needed here,
230 @c such as "advanced lyric syntax" or whatever -vv
232 @node Working with lyrics and variables
233 @unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and variables
235 @cindex lyrics, variables
237 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
238 must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
239 @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
240 when invoking your variable.
243 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
246 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
249 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
251 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
256 For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
257 hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
260 \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
261 \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
262 \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
263 \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
267 and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
270 \context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
276 The final input would resemble
279 <<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
280 \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
281 \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
288 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
289 The problem cannot be reproduced.
290 The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
291 A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
294 Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
295 context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
296 the next erroneous example:
299 words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
303 \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
304 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
305 \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
306 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
310 the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
311 created by "\new Lyrics".
313 Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
320 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
322 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
326 @node References for vocal music
327 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for vocal music
332 @c Nope -- this section is to be removed.
333 @c With a vengeance :-) -vv
335 @q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
336 notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
337 @ref{Special note heads}.
340 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
341 @subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
347 @c FIXME: this stuff is to be rewritten. -vv
349 Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you
350 specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually.
351 Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips,
352 hyphens and extender lines.
354 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
358 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
361 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
366 by automatically aligning
367 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
371 or by specifying the duration of each syllable
372 explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
376 * Automatic syllable durations::
377 * Manual syllable durations::
378 * Multiple syllables to one note::
379 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
381 * Extenders and hyphens::
382 * Lyrics and repeats::
385 @node Automatic syllable durations
386 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
388 @cindex automatic syllable durations
389 @cindex lyrics and melodies
391 The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
392 automatically. This is achieved by combining the
393 melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
396 \new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
399 This aligns the lyrics to the
400 notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
401 already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
402 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
403 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
404 @code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
406 The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
408 @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
410 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
413 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
416 % not recommended: left aligns syllables
417 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
419 % wrong: durations needed
420 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
423 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
427 The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
428 were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
430 The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
431 to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
436 \addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
443 \new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
444 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
447 @node Manual syllable durations
448 @unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
450 Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
451 @code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
452 syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
453 duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
460 The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
461 @code{associatedVoice} property,
464 \set associatedVoice = #"lala"
468 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
469 a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
470 will not be formatted properly.
472 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
474 @lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
475 << \new Voice = "melody" {
479 \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
480 \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
491 @node Multiple syllables to one note
492 @unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple syllables to one note
496 @cindex ties, in lyrics
498 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
499 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
500 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
501 tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
503 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
506 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
508 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
509 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
510 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
511 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
517 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
519 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
520 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
523 @node Multiple notes to one syllable
524 @unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple notes to one syllable
528 @cindex phrasing, in lyrics
530 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
531 single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
533 @c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
534 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
536 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
537 for every extra note that has to be added to the the melisma.
539 @c FIXME: clarify: __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
540 @c _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are needed.
543 @c duplicated: TODO fix
544 Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
545 the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
546 first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
547 that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
548 double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
549 notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
551 @c wrong: extender line only on last syllable of a word. Change example
552 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
553 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
554 c d( e) f f( e) e e }
556 { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
559 In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
560 set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
562 However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
563 detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
564 syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
565 an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
566 after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
569 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
571 \new Voice = "lala" {
579 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
585 In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
586 beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
587 behavior}) is switched off.
589 @c FIXME: this now links to LM -vv
594 A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
595 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
600 @code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
601 @funindex \melismaEnd
606 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
610 Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
614 @unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
616 Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
617 inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
618 the text will be delayed another note. The @code{\skip} command
619 must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
620 @code{\skip} is used in lyrics.
624 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
625 \relative c' { c c g' }
633 @node Extenders and hyphens
634 @unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
639 @c leave this as samp. -gp
640 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
641 a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
642 the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is
643 entered as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two
644 underscore characters).
646 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
647 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
648 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
649 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
654 @c leave this as samp. -gp
655 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
656 (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
657 will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
658 depending on the space between the syllables.
660 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
661 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
662 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
663 (threshold below which hyphens are removed).
668 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
669 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}
671 @node Lyrics and repeats
672 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
674 @c TODO New section. Add text
678 @node Specific uses of lyrics
679 @subsection Specific uses of lyrics
681 @c FIXME This whole section is to be reorganized. -vv
683 Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
684 differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
689 * Lyrics independent of notes::
691 * Spacing out syllables::
692 * Centering lyrics between staves::
698 @unnumberedsubsubsec Divisi lyrics
700 You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
701 contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
703 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
705 \new Voice = "melody" {
710 \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
715 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
716 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
721 You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
724 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
726 \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
728 \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
730 \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
733 \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
735 \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
736 dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
743 @node Lyrics independent of notes
744 @unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics independent of notes
746 @cindex Devnull context
748 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
749 lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
750 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
751 @code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
754 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
757 \tag #'music { c''2 }
758 \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
762 lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
765 \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
766 \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
767 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
768 \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
769 c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
773 This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
774 context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
775 @code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
776 makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
777 melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
778 the implicit melismata get ignored.
780 @c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
782 @c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
786 @unnumberedsubsubsec Chants
788 @c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
791 @node Spacing out syllables
792 @unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing out syllables
794 @cindex Spacing lyrics
795 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
797 To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
800 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
803 \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
807 longtext longtext longtext longtext
808 longtext longtext longtext longtext
812 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
815 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
822 longtext longtext longtext longtext
823 longtext longtext longtext longtext
828 \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
835 @c This snippet has been renamed to "lyrics-alignment.ly"
836 @c update as soon as lsr/is updated -vv
837 @c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
838 @c {lyrics-alignment.ly}
840 @c TODO: move to LSR -vv
843 Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
844 a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
845 not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
848 \override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
851 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
857 \consists "Bar_engraver"
858 \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
859 \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
864 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
865 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
866 @c even when notes are tied. -td
871 \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
876 @node Centering lyrics between staves
877 @unnumberedsubsubsec Centering lyrics between staves
879 @c TODO Add text from -user
886 * Adding stanza numbers ::
887 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
888 * Adding singers' names to stanzas::
889 * Stanzas with different rhythms::
890 * Printing stanzas at the end ::
891 * Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
895 @node Adding stanza numbers
896 @unnumberedsubsubsec Adding stanza numbers
898 @cindex stanza number
900 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
902 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
904 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
910 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
916 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
918 @c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
919 @c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
920 @c (might need improving a bit) -td
923 leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
927 \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
928 \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
929 Lend thine ear to what I say.
935 % \set stanza = \markup { " "}
936 \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
937 Than to have you walk in truth.
943 \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
944 c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
945 } \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
946 \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
950 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
951 @unnumberedsubsubsec Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
953 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
954 dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
955 front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
956 are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
957 outside @code{\lyricmode}:
959 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
961 \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
968 \new Voice = "tune" {
972 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
976 @node Adding singers' names to stanzas
977 @unnumberedsubsubsec Adding singers' names to stanzas
980 @cindex name of singer
982 Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
983 the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
984 @code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
986 @lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
988 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
990 \set vocalName = "Bert "
993 \set vocalName = "Ernie "
994 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
998 @node Stanzas with different rhythms
999 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stanzas with different rhythms
1001 @subsubheading Ignoring melismata
1003 One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
1004 multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
1005 voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
1006 @code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
1008 There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
1009 must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
1010 in the text, as shown here,
1012 @c TODO: breaks compile
1013 @c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
1014 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
1016 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1017 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1023 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1026 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1027 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
1029 \unset ignoreMelismata
1036 The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
1037 should be entered before @q{go}.
1040 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
1042 More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
1043 to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
1044 done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
1046 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
1048 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1049 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1052 \new Voice = "alternative" {
1055 % show associations clearly.
1056 \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
1067 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1068 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1070 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1071 % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
1072 % one syllable too soon!
1073 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1077 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1083 the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
1086 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1087 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1092 The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
1093 for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
1094 This is achieved with
1096 \set associatedVoice = alternative
1100 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
1101 containing the triplet.
1103 @c FIXME: make this easier to understand -vv
1104 This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
1105 case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
1106 later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
1110 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1111 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1115 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1121 The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
1122 @code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
1125 @node Printing stanzas at the end
1126 @unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end
1128 Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
1129 to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
1130 the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
1131 the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
1132 of the main score block. Notice that there are two
1133 different ways to force linebreaks when using
1136 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
1137 melody = \relative c' {
1143 \set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
1144 its fleece was white as snow.
1148 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1149 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1155 \line{ All the children laughed and played }
1156 \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
1163 Mary took it home again,
1165 It was against the rule."
1170 @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1171 @unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1173 When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
1174 multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
1175 introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
1178 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
1179 melody = \relative c' {
1184 \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
1189 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1190 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1197 \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
1198 % can be removed if space on the page is tight
1202 "This is verse two."
1206 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1209 "This is verse three."
1214 \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
1215 % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
1216 % until the result looks good
1220 "This is verse four."
1224 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1227 "This is verse five."
1232 \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
1233 % can be removed if page space is tight
1241 Internals Reference:
1242 @rinternals{LyricText},
1243 @rinternals{StanzaNumber}.