1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
15 @c TODO: delete this comment block
16 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
17 @c Done, see @node Lyrics independent of notes ----FV
19 @c http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
20 @c Done, see @node Working with lyrics and variables ----FV
22 @c partially done, needs improvement, see Switching to an alternative melody ----FV
25 > I think the issue here is that changing the associatedVoice
27 > later than expected. I could be wrong, but I don't think this
31 If you read section "Switching the melody associated with a lyrics
33 it indeed says "Again, the command must be one syllable too
35 One problem with the current formulation is that the "Again"
36 refers to what's described 2 subsections earlier in "Lyrics to
37 multiple notes of a melisma", which isn't obvious unless you have
42 @c Done in @node Extenders and hyphens ---FV
43 @c also done (duplicated) in @node Multiple notes to one syllable --FV
44 I don't know who's working on the vocal music right now, but I
45 found something that should be clarified in NR 2.1.2.4.
47 It should be made clear that __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
48 and _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are
49 used. The example shows it, but there is no description of the
50 lyrics extender in this section.
54 Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
55 consider when working with vocal music:
59 Song texts must be entered as text, not notes. For example, the
60 input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
64 Song texts must be aligned with the notes of their melody.
67 There are a few different ways to define lyrics; we shall begin
68 by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
71 * Common notation for vocals::
72 * Aligning lyrics to a melody::
73 * Placement of lyrics::
79 Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
80 a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
81 not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
84 \override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
87 To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
93 \consists "Bar_engraver"
94 \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
95 \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
100 @node Common notation for vocals
101 @subsection Common notation for vocals
104 * References for vocal music::
105 * Setting simple songs::
107 * Working with lyrics and variables::
110 @node References for vocal music
111 @subsubsection References for vocal music
116 @q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
117 notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
118 @ref{Special note heads}.
121 @node Setting simple songs
122 @subsubsection Setting simple songs
126 The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
129 \addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
133 to a melody. Here is an example,
135 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
137 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
138 \addlyrics { play the game }
141 More stanzas can be added by adding more
142 @code{\addlyrics} sections
144 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
146 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
147 \addlyrics { play the game }
148 \addlyrics { speel het spel }
149 \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
152 The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
153 cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
154 introduced in @ref{Entering lyrics}.
158 @node Entering lyrics
159 @subsubsection Entering lyrics
164 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
165 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
167 Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
168 by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
169 @code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
170 with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
171 a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
172 like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
175 \lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
178 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
179 of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
180 explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
181 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
184 @c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
186 A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
188 any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
189 that is not a digit or white space.
191 Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
192 part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
193 can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
196 \lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
199 In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
200 opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
204 @funindex \property in \lyricmode
207 Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
208 the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
209 property commands: do @emph{not} write
212 \override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
219 \override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
223 @cindex spaces, in lyrics
224 @cindex quotes, in lyrics
225 @cindex ties, in lyrics
227 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
228 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
229 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
231 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
233 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
234 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
235 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
236 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
239 The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
240 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
244 To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
245 accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
246 simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
247 it with UTF-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
249 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
250 \relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
251 \addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple go”. }
254 To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
257 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
258 \relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
259 \addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
262 The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
265 A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
266 @code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
267 through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
268 any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
269 combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
270 @code{"}, or @code{^}.
272 @c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
274 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
278 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
281 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
284 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
286 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
295 @rinternals{LyricText},
296 @rinternals{LyricSpace}.
298 @node Working with lyrics and variables
299 @subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
301 @cindex lyrics, variables
303 To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
304 must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
305 @code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
306 when invoking your variable.
309 verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
312 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
315 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
317 \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
322 For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
323 hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
326 \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
327 \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
328 \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
329 \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
333 and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
336 \context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
342 The final input would resemble
345 <<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
346 \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
347 \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
354 http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
355 The problem cannot be reproduced.
356 The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
357 A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
360 Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
361 context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
362 the next erroneous example:
365 words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
369 \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
370 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
371 \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
372 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
376 the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
377 created by "\new Lyrics".
379 Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
386 @c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
388 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
392 @node Aligning lyrics to a melody
393 @subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
400 Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
404 \new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
407 There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
412 by automatically aligning
413 the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
417 or by specifying the duration of each syllable
418 explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
422 * Automatic syllable durations::
423 * Manual syllable durations::
424 * Multiple syllables to one note::
425 * Multiple notes to one syllable::
427 * Extenders and hyphens::
428 * Lyrics and repeats::
431 @node Automatic syllable durations
432 @subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
434 @cindex automatic syllable durations
435 @cindex lyrics and melodies
437 The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
438 automatically. This is achieved by combining the
439 melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
442 \new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
445 This aligns the lyrics to the
446 notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
447 already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
448 then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
449 @code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
450 @code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
452 The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
454 @lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
456 \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
459 c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
461 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
462 \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
463 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
467 The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
468 were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
470 The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
471 to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
476 \addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
483 \new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
484 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
487 @node Manual syllable durations
488 @subsubsection Manual syllable durations
490 Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
491 @code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
492 syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
493 duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
500 The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
501 @code{associatedVoice} property,
504 \set associatedVoice = #"lala"
508 The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
509 a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
510 will not be formatted properly.
512 Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
514 @lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
515 << \new Voice = "melody" {
519 \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
520 \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
531 @node Multiple syllables to one note
532 @subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note
536 @cindex ties, in lyrics
538 In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
539 surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
540 between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
541 tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
543 sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
546 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
548 \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
549 \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
550 \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
551 \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
557 @rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
559 @c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
560 @c the new title might be more self-explanatory
563 @node Multiple notes to one syllable
564 @subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable
568 @cindex phrasing, in lyrics
570 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
571 single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
573 @c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
574 @c it might be better to present it first - vv
576 You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
577 for every note that is part of the melisma.
580 @c duplicated: TODO fix
581 Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
582 the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
583 first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
584 that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
585 double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
586 notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
588 @lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
589 { \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
590 c d( e) f f( e) e e }
592 { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
595 In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
596 set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
598 However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
599 detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
600 syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
601 an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
602 after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
605 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
607 \new Voice = "lala" {
615 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
621 In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
622 beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
623 behavior}) is switched off.
625 @c TODO: there might be some more relevant place for
626 @c the following link (?)
631 A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
632 @rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
637 @code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
638 @funindex \melismaEnd
644 @rinternals{Melisma_translator}.
646 @c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
650 Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
654 @subsubsection Skipping notes
656 Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
657 inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
658 the text will be delayed another note.
662 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
663 \relative c' { c c g' }
671 @node Extenders and hyphens
672 @subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
677 @c leave this as samp. -gp
678 Melismata are sometimes indicated with a long horizontal line starting
679 in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one. Such a line is
680 called an extender line, and it is entered as @samp{ __ } (note the
681 spaces before and after the two underscore characters).
683 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
684 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
685 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
686 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
691 @c leave this as samp. -gp
692 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
693 (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
694 will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
695 depending on the space between the syllables.
697 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
698 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
699 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
700 (threshold below which hyphens are removed).
705 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
706 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}
708 @node Lyrics and repeats
709 @subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
711 @c TODO New section. Add text
715 @node Placement of lyrics
716 @subsection Placement of lyrics
718 Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
719 differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
724 * Lyrics independent of notes::
726 * Spacing out syllables::
727 * Centering lyrics between staves::
733 @subsubsection Divisi lyrics
735 You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
736 contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
738 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
740 \new Voice = "melody" {
745 \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
750 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
751 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
756 You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
759 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
761 \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
763 \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
765 \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
768 \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
770 \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
771 dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
778 @node Lyrics independent of notes
779 @subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
781 @cindex Devnull context
783 In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
784 lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
785 inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
786 @code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
789 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
792 \tag #'music { c''2 }
793 \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
797 lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
800 \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
801 \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
802 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
803 \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
804 c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
808 This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
809 context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
810 @code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
811 makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
812 melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
813 the implicit melismata get ignored.
815 @c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
817 @c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
821 @subsubsection Chants
823 @c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
826 @node Spacing out syllables
827 @subsubsection Spacing out syllables
829 @cindex Spacing lyrics
830 @cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
832 To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
835 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
838 \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
842 longtext longtext longtext longtext
843 longtext longtext longtext longtext
847 To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
850 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
857 longtext longtext longtext longtext
858 longtext longtext longtext longtext
863 \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
870 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
873 @c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
874 @c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
875 @c even when notes are tied. -td
880 \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
884 @node Centering lyrics between staves
885 @subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
887 @c TODO Add text from -user
894 * Adding stanza numbers ::
895 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
896 * Adding singers' names to stanzas::
897 * Stanzas with different rhythms::
898 * Printing stanzas at the end ::
899 * Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
903 @node Adding stanza numbers
904 @subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
906 @cindex stanza number
908 Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
910 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
912 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
918 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
924 These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
926 @c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
927 @c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
928 @c (might need improving a bit) -td
931 leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
935 \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
936 \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
937 Lend thine ear to what I say.
943 % \set stanza = \markup { " "}
944 \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
945 Than to have you walk in truth.
951 \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
952 c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
953 } \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
954 \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
958 @node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
959 @subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
961 Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
962 dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
963 front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
964 are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
965 outside @code{\lyricmode}:
967 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
969 \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
976 \new Voice = "tune" {
980 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
984 @node Adding singers' names to stanzas
985 @subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas
988 @cindex name of singer
990 Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
991 the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
992 @code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
994 @lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
996 \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
998 \set vocalName = "Bert "
1001 \set vocalName = "Ernie "
1002 Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
1006 @node Stanzas with different rhythms
1007 @subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms
1009 @subsubheading Ignoring melismata
1011 One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
1012 multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
1013 voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
1014 @code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
1016 There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
1017 must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
1018 in the text, as shown here,
1020 @c TODO: breaks compile
1021 @c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
1022 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
1024 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1025 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1031 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1034 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1035 \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
1037 \unset ignoreMelismata
1044 The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
1045 should be entered before @q{go}.
1048 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
1050 More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
1051 to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
1052 done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
1054 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
1056 \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
1057 \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
1060 \new Voice = "alternative" {
1063 % show associations clearly.
1064 \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
1075 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1076 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1078 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
1079 % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
1080 % one syllable too soon!
1081 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1085 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1091 the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
1094 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1095 Ju -- ras -- sic Park
1100 The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
1101 for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
1102 This is achieved with
1104 \set associatedVoice = alternative
1108 Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
1109 containing the triplet.
1111 This command command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in
1112 this case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one
1113 step later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is
1117 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
1118 \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
1122 \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
1128 The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
1129 @code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
1132 @node Printing stanzas at the end
1133 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
1135 Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
1136 to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
1137 the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
1138 the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
1139 of the main score block. Notice that there are two
1140 different ways to force linebreaks when using
1143 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
1144 melody = \relative c' {
1150 \set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
1151 its fleece was white as snow.
1155 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1156 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1162 \line{ All the children laughed and played }
1163 \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
1170 Mary took it home again,
1172 It was against the rule."
1177 @node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1178 @subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
1180 When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
1181 multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
1182 introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
1185 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
1186 melody = \relative c' {
1191 \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
1196 \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
1197 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
1204 \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
1205 % can be removed if space on the page is tight
1209 "This is verse two."
1213 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1216 "This is verse three."
1221 \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
1222 % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
1223 % until the result looks good
1227 "This is verse four."
1231 \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
1234 "This is verse five."
1239 \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
1240 % can be removed if page space is tight
1248 Internals Reference:
1249 @rinternals{LyricText},
1250 @rinternals{StanzaNumber},
1251 @rinternals{VocalName}.