1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
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15 * Common notation for percussion::
18 @node Common notation for percussion
19 @subsection Common notation for percussion
21 Rhythmic music is primarily used for percussion and drum notation, but it can
22 also be used to show the rhythms of melodies.
25 * References for percussion::
26 * Basic percussion notation::
31 @node References for percussion
32 @subsubsection References for percussion
40 Internals Reference: @rinternals{RhythmicStaff}.
43 @node Basic percussion notation
44 @subsubsection Basic percussion notation
50 Percussion notes may be entered in @code{\drummode} mode, which is
51 similar to the standard mode for entering notes. Each piece of
52 percussion has a full name and an abbreviated name, and both can
53 be used in input files. The simplest way to enter percussion notes
54 is to use the @code{\drums} command, which creates the correct
55 context and entry mode for percussion:
57 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
63 This is shorthand for:
65 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
73 Note, that percussion clefs are added automatically in a
74 @code{DrumStaff} context. But it is possible to use other clefs
78 The complete list of drum names is in the init file
79 @file{ly/@/drumpitch@/-init@/.ly}.
81 Here is the list of abbreviations You can use in a drum Staff:
160 Note that the normal notation of pitches in a @code{DrumStaff}
161 will cause an error message.
165 Drum rolls are indicated with three slashes across the stem.
166 For quarter notes or longer the three slashes are shown explicitly,
167 eighth notes are shown with two slashes (the beam being the third),
168 and drum rolls shorter than eighths have one stem slash to
169 supplement the beams. This is achieved with the tremolo notation,
170 @code{:32}, see @ref{Tremolo repeats}. Here's an example of
173 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
177 sn16 sn8 sn16 sn8 sn8:32~ |
184 Sticking can be indicated by placing @code{^"R"} or @code{^"L"}
185 after the note. The @code{staff-padding} property may be
186 overridden to achieve a pleasing baseline.
188 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
190 \repeat "unfold" 2 { sn16 ^"L" sn^"R" sn^"L" sn^"L" sn^"R" sn^"L" sn^"R" sn^"R" }
198 Internals Reference: @rinternals{note-event}.
200 @node Percussion staves
201 @subsubsection Percussion staves
205 A percussion part for more than one instrument typically uses a
206 multiline staff where each position in the staff refers to one piece
210 To typeset the music, the notes must be interpreted in a
211 @rinternals{DrumStaff} and @rinternals{DrumVoice} contexts
213 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
214 up = \drummode { crashcymbal4 hihat8 halfopenhihat hh hh hh openhihat }
215 down = \drummode { bassdrum4 snare8 bd r bd sn4 }
217 \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
218 \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
222 The above example shows verbose polyphonic notation. The short
223 polyphonic notation, described in @rlearning{I'm hearing Voices},
224 can also be used if the @rinternals{DrumVoice}s are instantiated
225 by hand first. For example,
227 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
229 \new DrumVoice = "1" { s1 *2 }
230 \new DrumVoice = "2" { s1 *2 }
234 { \repeat unfold 16 hh16 }
243 There are also other layout possibilities. To use these, set the
244 property @code{drumStyleTable} in context @rinternals{DrumVoice}.
245 The following variables have been predefined
249 This is the default. It typesets a typical drum kit on a five-line staff
251 @lilypond[quote,line-width=10.0\cm]
253 cymc cyms cymr hh hhc hho hhho hhp
254 cb hc bd sn ss tomh tommh tomml toml tomfh tomfl }
256 cymc cyms cymr hh hhc hho hhho hhp \break
257 cb hc bd sn ss tomh tommh tomml toml tomfh tomfl s16 }
259 << \new DrumStaff \with {
261 \remove Time_signature_engraver
262 \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
263 \override Stem #'Y-extent-callback = ##f
264 \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-4.0 . 5.0)
271 \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
272 \override BarNumber #'transparent =##T
278 The drum scheme supports six different toms. When there are fewer toms,
279 simply select the toms that produce the desired result, i.e., to get toms
280 on the three middle lines you use @code{tommh}, @code{tomml}, and
284 This typesets timbales on a two line staff
286 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
287 nam = \lyricmode { timh ssh timl ssl cb }
288 mus = \drummode { timh ssh timl ssl cb s16 }
291 \new DrumStaff \with {
293 \remove Time_signature_engraver
294 \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
295 \override Stem #'Y-extent-callback = ##f
296 \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
297 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
298 \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3.0 . 4.0)
299 drumStyleTable = #timbales-style
302 \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
309 This typesets congas on a two line staff
311 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
312 nam = \lyricmode { cgh cgho cghm ssh cgl cglo cglm ssl }
313 mus = \drummode { cgh cgho cghm ssh cgl cglo cglm ssl s16 }
316 \new DrumStaff \with {
318 \remove Time_signature_engraver
319 drumStyleTable = #congas-style
320 \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
322 %% this sucks; it will lengthen stems.
323 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
324 \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
325 \override Stem #'Y-extent-callback = ##f
328 \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
335 This typesets bongos on a two line staff
337 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
338 nam = \lyricmode { boh boho bohm ssh bol bolo bolm ssl }
339 mus = \drummode { boh boho bohm ssh bol bolo bolm ssl s16 }
342 \new DrumStaff \with {
344 \remove Time_signature_engraver
345 \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
346 drumStyleTable = #bongos-style
348 %% this sucks; it will lengthen stems.
349 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
350 \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
351 \override Stem #'Y-extent-callback = ##f
354 \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
360 @item percussion-style
361 To typeset all kinds of simple percussion on one line staves.
363 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
364 nam = \lyricmode { tri trio trim gui guis guil cb cl tamb cab mar hc }
365 mus = \drummode { tri trio trim gui guis guil cb cl tamb cab mar hc s16 }
368 \new DrumStaff \with{
370 drumStyleTable = #percussion-style
371 \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #1
372 \remove Time_signature_engraver
373 \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
374 \override Stem #'Y-extent-callback = ##f
377 \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
384 If you do not like any of the predefined lists you can define your own
385 list at the top of your file
387 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
389 (bassdrum default #f -1)
392 (pedalhihat xcircle "stopped" 2)
393 (lowtom diamond #f 3)))
394 up = \drummode { hh8 hh hh hh hhp4 hhp }
395 down = \drummode { bd4 sn bd toml8 toml }
398 \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
399 \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
400 \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
407 Init files: @file{ly/@/drumpitch@/-init@/.ly}.
409 Internals Reference: @rinternals{DrumStaff}, @rinternals{DrumVoice}.
413 Because general MIDI does not contain rim shots, the sidestick is used
414 for this purpose instead.
417 @c TODO: check name -gp
419 @subsubsection Ghost notes
421 Ghost notes for drums and percussion may be created using the
422 @code{\parenthesize} command detailed in @ref{Parentheses}. However,
423 the default @code{\drummode} does
424 not include the @code{Parenthesis_engraver} plugin which allows
427 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment]
428 \new DrumStaff \with {
429 \consists "Parenthesis_engraver"
431 \context DrumVoice = "1" { s1 *2 }
432 \context DrumVoice = "2" { s1 *2 }
436 hh8[ hh] <hh sn> hh16
437 < \parenthesize sn > hh < \parenthesize
448 Also note that you must add chords (@code{< >} brackets)
449 around each @code{\parenthesize} statement.