1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
2 @c This file is part of lilypond.tely
4 @c A menu is needed before every deeper *section nesting of @node's; run
5 @c M-x texinfo-all-menus-update
6 @c to automatically fill in these menus before saving changes
9 @chapter Spacing issues
11 The global paper layout is determined by three factors: the page layout, the
12 line breaks, and the spacing. These all influence each other. The
13 choice of spacing determines how densely each system of music is set.
14 This influences where line breaks are chosen, and thus ultimately, how
15 many pages a piece of music takes.
17 Globally speaking, this procedure happens in four steps: first,
18 flexible distances (``springs'') are chosen, based on durations. All
19 possible line breaking combinations are tried, and a ``badness'' score
20 is calculated for each. Then the height of each possible system is
21 estimated. Finally, a page breaking and line breaking combination is chosen
22 so that neither the horizontal nor the vertical spacing is too cramped
29 * Horizontal spacing::
31 * Displaying spacing::
36 @section Paper and pages
38 This section deals with the boundaries that define the area
39 that music can be printed inside.
48 @subsection Paper size
54 To change the paper size, there are two commands,
56 #(set-default-paper-size "a4")
58 #(set-paper-size "a4")
62 The first command sets the size of all pages. The second command sets the
64 of the pages that the @code{\paper} block applies to -- if the @code{\paper}
65 block is at the top of the file, then it will apply to all pages. If the
66 @code{\paper} block is inside a @code{\book}, then the paper size will only
69 Support for the following paper sizes are included by default,
70 @code{a6}, @code{a5}, @code{a4}, @code{a3}, @code{legal}, @code{letter},
71 @code{11x17} (also known as tabloid).
73 Extra sizes may be added by editing the definition for
74 @code{paper-alist} in the initialization file @file{scm/paper.scm}.
79 If the symbol @code{landscape} is supplied as an argument to
80 @code{set-default-paper-size}, the pages will be rotated by 90 degrees,
81 and wider line widths will be set correspondingly.
84 #(set-default-paper-size "a6" 'landscape)
87 Setting the paper size will adjust a number of @code{\paper} variables
88 (such as margins). To use a particular paper size with altered
89 @code{\paper} variables, set the paper size before setting the variables.
93 @subsection Page formatting
95 @cindex page formatting
100 LilyPond will do page layout, set margins, and add headers and
101 footers to each page.
103 The default layout responds to the following settings in the
110 @funindex first-page-number
111 @item first-page-number
112 The value of the page number of the first page. Default is@tie{}1.
114 @funindex printfirst-page-number
115 @item printfirst-page-number
116 If set to true, will print the page number in the first page. Default is
119 @funindex print-page-number
120 @item print-page-number
121 If set to true, page numbers will be printed.
123 @funindex paper-width
125 The width of the page.
127 @funindex paper-height
129 The height of the page.
133 Margin between header and top of the page.
135 @funindex bottom-margin
137 Margin between footer and bottom of the page.
139 @funindex left-margin
141 Margin between the left side of the page and the beginning of the music.
145 The length of the systems.
147 @funindex head-separation
148 @item head-separation
149 Distance between the top-most music system and the page header.
151 @funindex foot-separation
152 @item foot-separation
153 Distance between the bottom-most music system and the page footer.
155 @funindex page-top-space
156 Distance from the top of the printable area to the center of the first
157 staff. This only works for staves which are vertically small. Big staves
158 are set with the top of their bounding box aligned to the top of the
161 @funindex ragged-bottom
163 If set to true, systems will not be spread vertically across the page. This
164 does not affect the last page.
166 This should be set to true for pieces that have only two or three
167 systems per page, for example orchestral scores.
169 @funindex ragged-last-bottom
170 @item ragged-last-bottom
171 If set to false, systems will be spread vertically to fill the last page.
173 Pieces that amply fill two pages or more should have this set to
176 @funindex system-count
178 This variable, if set, specifies into how many lines a score should be
181 @funindex between-system-space
182 @item between-system-space
183 This dimensions determines the distance between systems. It is the
184 ideal distance between the center of the bottom staff of one system
185 and the center of the top staff of the next system.
187 Increasing this will provide a more even appearance of the page at the
188 cost of using more vertical space.
190 @funindex between-system-padding
191 @item between-system-padding
192 This dimension is the minimum amount of white space that will always
193 be present between the bottom-most symbol of one system, and the
194 top-most of the next system.
196 Increasing this will put systems whose bounding boxes almost touch
200 @funindex horizontal-shift
201 @item horizontal-shift
202 All systems (including titles and system separators) are shifted by
203 this amount to the right. Page markup, such as headers and footers are
204 not affected by this. The purpose of this variable is to make space
205 for instrument names at the left.
207 @funindex after-title-space
208 @item after-title-space
209 Amount of space between the title and the first system.
211 @funindex after-title-space
212 @item before-title-space
213 Amount of space between the last system of the previous piece and the
216 @funindex between-title-space
217 @item between-title-space
218 Amount of space between consecutive titles (e.g., the title of the
219 book and the title of a piece).
221 @funindex printallheaders
222 @item printallheaders
223 Setting this to #t will print all headers for each \score in a
224 \book. Normally only the piece and opus \headers are printed.
226 @funindex systemSeparatorMarkup
227 @item systemSeparatorMarkup
228 This contains a markup object, which will be inserted between
229 systems. This is often used for orchestral scores.
231 The markup command @code{\slashSeparator} is provided as a sensible
234 @lilypond[ragged-right]
237 \relative { c1 \break c1 }
240 systemSeparatorMarkup = \slashSeparator
245 @funindex blank-page-force
246 @item blank-page-force
247 The penalty for having a blank page in the middle of a
248 score. This is not used by @code{ly:optimal-breaking} since it will
249 never consider blank pages in the middle of a score. Default value
252 @funindex blank-last-page-force
253 @item blank-last-page-force
254 The penalty for ending the score on an odd-numbered page.
257 @funindex page-spacing-weight
258 @item page-spacing-weight
259 The relative importance of page (vertical) spacing and line (horizontal)
260 spacing. High values will make page spacing more important. Default
273 ragged-last-bottom = ##t
277 You can also define these values in Scheme. In that case @code{mm},
278 @code{in}, @code{pt}, and @code{cm} are variables defined in
279 @file{paper-defaults.ly} with values in millimeters. That is why the
280 value must be multiplied in the example
284 #(define bottom-margin (* 2 cm))
288 The header and footer are created by the functions @code{make-footer}
289 and @code{make-header}, defined in @code{\paper}. The default
290 implementations are in @file{ly/@/paper@/-defaults@/.ly} and
291 @file{ly/@/titling@/-init@/.ly}.
293 The page layout itself is done by two functions in the
294 @code{\paper} block, @code{page-music-height} and
295 @code{page-make-stencil}. The former tells the line-breaking algorithm
296 how much space can be spent on a page, the latter creates the actual
297 page given the system to put on it.
302 The option right-margin is defined but doesn't set the right margin
303 yet. The value for the right margin has to be defined adjusting the
304 values of @code{left-margin} and @code{line-width}.
306 The default page header puts the page number and the @code{instrument}
307 field from the @code{\header} block on a line.
309 The titles (from the @code{\header@{@}} section) are treated as a
310 system, so @code{ragged-bottom} and @code{ragged-last-bottom} will
311 add space between the titles and the first system of the score.
315 @section Music layout
318 * Setting global staff size::
323 @node Setting global staff size
324 @subsection Setting global staff size
326 @cindex font size, setting
327 @cindex staff size, setting
328 @funindex layout file
330 To set the global staff size, use @code{set-global-staff-size}.
333 #(set-global-staff-size 14)
337 This sets the global default size to 14pt staff height and scales all
340 The Feta font provides musical symbols at eight different
341 sizes. Each font is tuned for a different staff size: at a smaller size
342 the font becomes heavier, to match the relatively heavier staff lines.
343 The recommended font sizes are listed in the following table:
346 @multitable @columnfractions .15 .2 .22 .2
349 @tab @b{staff height (pt)}
350 @tab @b{staff height (mm)}
392 @c modern rental material?
397 These fonts are available in any sizes. The context property
398 @code{fontSize} and the layout property @code{staff-space} (in
399 @internalsref{StaffSymbol}) can be used to tune the size for individual
400 staves. The sizes of individual staves are relative to the global size.
408 This manual: @ref{Selecting notation font size}.
412 @subsection Score layout
416 While @code{\paper} contains settings that relate to the page formatting
417 of the whole document, @code{\layout} contains settings for score-specific
424 \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-6 . 6)
427 \override TextScript #'padding = #1.0
428 \override Glissando #'thickness = #3
436 This manual: @ref{Changing context default settings}
439 @node Vertical spacing
440 @section Vertical spacing
442 @cindex vertical spacing
443 @cindex spacing, vertical
445 Vertical spacing is controlled by three things: the amount of
446 space available (i.e., paper size and margins), the amount of
447 space between systems, and the amount of space between
448 staves inside a system.
451 * Vertical spacing inside a system::
452 * Vertical spacing of piano staves::
453 * Vertical spacing between systems::
454 * Controlling spacing of individual systems::
458 @node Vertical spacing inside a system
459 @subsection Vertical spacing inside a system
461 @cindex distance between staves
462 @cindex staff distance
463 @cindex space between staves
464 @cindex space inside systems
466 The height of each system is determined automatically. To prevent
467 staves from bumping into each other, some minimum distances are set.
468 By changing these, you can put staves closer together. This
469 reduces the amount of space each system requires, and may result
470 in having more systems per page.
472 Normally staves are stacked vertically. To make staves maintain a
473 distance, their vertical size is padded. This is done with the
474 property @code{minimum-Y-extent}. When applied to a
475 @internalsref{VerticalAxisGroup}, it controls the size of a horizontal
476 line, such as a staff or a line of lyrics. @code{minimum-Y-extent}
477 takes a pair of numbers, so
478 if you want to make it smaller than its default @code{#'(-4 . 4)}
482 \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
486 This sets the vertical size of the current staff to 3 staff spaces on
487 either side of the center staff line. The value @code{(-3 . 3)} is
488 interpreted as an interval, where the center line is the 0, so the
489 first number is generally negative. The numbers need not match;
490 for example, the staff can be made larger at the bottom by setting
491 it to @code{(-6 . 4)}.
496 Internals: Vertical alignment of staves is handled by the
497 @internalsref{VerticalAlignment} object. The context parameters
498 specifying the vertical extent are described in connection with
499 the @internalsref{Axis_group_engraver}.
501 Example files: @inputfileref{input/regression/,page-spacing.ly},
502 @inputfileref{input/regression/,alignment-vertical-spacing.ly}.
505 @node Vertical spacing of piano staves
506 @subsection Vertical spacing of piano staves
508 The distance between staves of a @internalsref{PianoStaff} cannot be
509 computed during formatting. Rather, to make cross-staff beaming work
510 correctly, that distance has to be fixed beforehand.
512 The distance of staves in a @code{PianoStaff} is set with the
513 @code{forced-distance} property of the
514 @internalsref{VerticalAlignment} object, created in
515 @internalsref{PianoStaff}.
517 It can be adjusted as follows
519 \new PianoStaff \with @{
520 \override VerticalAlignment #'forced-distance = #7
527 This would bring the staves together at a distance of 7 staff spaces,
528 measured from the center line of each staff.
530 The difference is demonstrated in the following example,
531 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
533 \new PianoStaff \with {
534 \override VerticalAlignment #'forced-distance = #7
549 Example files: @inputfileref{input/regression/,alignment-vertical-spacing.ly}.
552 @node Vertical spacing between systems
553 @subsection Vertical spacing between systems
555 Space between systems are controlled by four @code{\paper} variables,
559 between-system-space = 1.5\cm
560 between-system-padding = #1
562 ragged-last-bottom=##f
567 @node Controlling spacing of individual systems
568 @subsection Controlling spacing of individual systems
570 It is also possible to change the distance between for each system
571 individually. This is done by including the command
575 #"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn"
576 #'line-break-system-details
577 #'((fixed-alignment-extra-space . 15))
581 at the line break before the system to be changed. The distance
582 @code{15} is distributed over all staves that have a fixed distance
583 alignment. For example,
585 @lilypond[ragged-right, fragment, relative=2, staffsize=13]
591 #"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn"
592 #'line-break-system-details
593 #'((fixed-alignment-extra-space . 15))
601 The distance for @code{fixed-alignment-extra-space} may also be
606 @node Horizontal spacing
607 @section Horizontal Spacing
609 @cindex horizontal spacing
610 @cindex spacing, horizontal
613 * Horizontal spacing overview::
615 * Changing horizontal spacing::
620 @node Horizontal spacing overview
621 @subsection Horizontal spacing overview
623 The spacing engine translates differences in durations into stretchable
624 distances (``springs'') of differring lengths. Longer durations get
625 more space, shorter durations get less. The shortest durations get a
626 fixed amount of space (which is controlled by
627 @code{shortest-duration-space} in the @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}
628 object). The longer the duration, the more space it gets: doubling a
629 duration adds a fixed amount (this amount is controlled by
630 @code{spacing-increment}) of space to the note.
632 For example, the following piece contains lots of half, quarter, and
633 8th notes; the eighth note is followed by 1 note head width (NHW).
634 The quarter note is followed by 2 NHW, the half by 3 NHW, etc.
636 @lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
637 c2 c4. c8 c4. c8 c4. c8 c8
641 Normally, @code{spacing-increment} is set to 1.2 staff space, which is
642 approximately the width of a note head, and
643 @code{shortest-duration-space} is set to 2.0, meaning that the
644 shortest note gets 2.4 staff space (2.0 times the
645 @code{spacing-increment}) of horizontal space. This space is counted
646 from the left edge of the symbol, so the shortest notes are generally
647 followed by one NHW of space.
649 If one would follow the above procedure exactly, then adding a single
650 32nd note to a score that uses 8th and 16th notes, would widen up the
651 entire score a lot. The shortest note is no longer a 16th, but a 32nd,
652 thus adding 1 NHW to every note. To prevent this, the shortest
653 duration for spacing is not the shortest note in the score, but rather
654 the one which occurs most frequently.
657 The most common shortest duration is determined as follows: in every
658 measure, the shortest duration is determined. The most common shortest
659 duration is taken as the basis for the spacing, with the stipulation
660 that this shortest duration should always be equal to or shorter than
661 an 8th note. The shortest duration is printed when you run
662 @code{lilypond} with the @code{--verbose} option.
664 These durations may also be customized. If you set the
665 @code{common-shortest-duration} in @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}, then
666 this sets the base duration for spacing. The maximum duration for this
667 base (normally an 8th), is set through @code{base-shortest-duration}.
669 @funindex common-shortest-duration
670 @funindex base-shortest-duration
671 @funindex stem-spacing-correction
674 Notes that are even shorter than the common shortest note are
675 followed by a space that is proportional to their duration relative to
676 the common shortest note. So if we were to add only a few 16th notes
677 to the example above, they would be followed by half a NHW:
679 @lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
680 c2 c4. c8 c4. c16[ c] c4. c8 c8 c8 c4 c4 c4
684 In the introduction (see @ref{Engraving}), it was explained that stem
685 directions influence spacing. This is controlled with the
686 @code{stem-spacing-correction} property in the
687 @internalsref{NoteSpacing}, object. These are generated for every
688 @internalsref{Voice} context. The @code{StaffSpacing} object
689 (generated in @internalsref{Staff} context) contains the same property
690 for controlling the stem/bar line spacing. The following example shows
691 these corrections, once with default settings, and once with
692 exaggerated corrections:
694 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
698 \override Staff.NoteSpacing #'stem-spacing-correction = #1.5
699 \override Staff.StaffSpacing #'stem-spacing-correction = #1.5
705 Proportional notation is supported; see @ref{Proportional notation}.
710 Internals: @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}, @internalsref{NoteSpacing},
711 @internalsref{StaffSpacing}, @internalsref{SeparationItem}, and
712 @internalsref{SeparatingGroupSpanner}.
717 There is no convenient mechanism to manually override spacing. The
718 following work-around may be used to insert extra space into a score.
720 \once \override Score.SeparationItem #'padding = #1
723 No work-around exists for decreasing the amount of space.
726 @node New spacing area
727 @subsection New spacing area
729 New sections with different spacing parameters can be started with
730 @code{newSpacingSection}. This is useful when there are
731 sections with a different notions of long and short notes.
733 In the following example, the time signature change introduces a new
734 section, and hence the 16ths notes are spaced wider.
736 @lilypond[relative,fragment,verbatim,quote]
739 c8 c c4 c16[ c c8] c4
746 @node Changing horizontal spacing
747 @subsection Changing horizontal spacing
749 Horizontal spacing may be altered with the
750 @code{base-shortest-duration} property. Here
751 we compare the same music; once without altering
752 the property, and then altered. Larger values
753 of @code{ly:make-moment} will produce smaller
756 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,line-width=12\cm]
759 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 d e f | g4 g g2 |
760 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
761 d4 d d d | d4 e f2 | e4 e e e | e4 f g2 |
762 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
767 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,line-width=12\cm]
770 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 d e f | g4 g g2 |
771 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
772 d4 d d d | d4 e f2 | e4 e e e | e4 f g2 |
773 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
778 \override SpacingSpanner
779 #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
788 By default, spacing in tuplets depends on various non-duration
789 factors (such as accidentals, clef changes, etc). To disregard
790 such symbols and force uniform equal-duration spacing, use
791 @code{Score.SpacingSpanner #'uniform-stretching}. This
792 property can only be changed at the beginning of a score,
794 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
796 \override SpacingSpanner #'uniform-stretching = ##t
814 When @code{strict-note-spacing} is set, notes are spaced without
815 regard for clefs, bar lines, and grace notes,
817 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
818 \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'strict-note-spacing = ##t
819 \new Staff { c8[ c \clef alto c \grace { c16[ c] } c8 c c] c32[ c32] }
824 @subsection Line length
827 @cindex breaking pages
831 @funindex ragged-right
832 @funindex ragged-last
834 @c Although line-width can be set in \layout, it should be set in paper
835 @c block, to get page layout right.
836 @c Setting indent in \paper block makes not much sense, but it works.
838 @c Bit verbose and vague, use examples?
839 The most basic settings influencing the spacing are @code{indent} and
840 @code{line-width}. They are set in the @code{\layout} block. They
841 control the indentation of the first line of music, and the lengths of
844 If @code{ragged-right} is set to true in the @code{\layout} block, then
845 systems ends at their natural horizontal length, instead of being spread
846 horizontally to fill the whole line. This is useful for
847 short fragments, and for checking how tight the natural spacing is.
850 @cindex vertical spacing
852 The option @code{ragged-last} is similar to @code{ragged-right}, but
853 only affects the last line of the piece. No restrictions are put on
854 that line. The result is similar to formatting text paragraphs. In a
855 paragraph, the last line simply takes its natural horizontal length.
856 @c Note that for text there are several options for the last line.
857 @c While Knuth TeX uses natural length, lead typesetters use the same
858 @c stretch as the previous line. eTeX uses \lastlinefit to
859 @c interpolate between both these solutions.
876 * Optimal page breaking::
877 * Optimal page turning::
881 @subsection Line breaking
884 @cindex breaking lines
886 Line breaks are normally computed automatically. They are chosen so
887 that lines look neither cramped nor loose, and that consecutive lines
888 have similar density.
890 Occasionally you might want to override the automatic breaks; you can
891 do this by specifying @code{\break}. This will force a line break at
892 this point. Line breaks can only occur at places where there are bar
893 lines. If you want to have a line break where there is no bar line,
894 you can force an invisible bar line by entering @code{\bar
895 ""}. Similarly, @code{\noBreak} forbids a line break at a
899 @cindex regular line breaks
900 @cindex four bar music.
902 For line breaks at regular intervals use @code{\break} separated by
903 skips and repeated with @code{\repeat}:
905 << \repeat unfold 7 @{
906 s1 \noBreak s1 \noBreak
907 s1 \noBreak s1 \break @}
908 @emph{the real music}
913 This makes the following 28 measures (assuming 4/4 time) be broken every
914 4 measures, and only there.
918 @code{\break}, and @code{\noBreak}.
924 Internals: @internalsref{LineBreakEvent}.
926 A linebreaking configuration can now be saved as a @code{.ly} file
927 automatically. This allows vertical alignments to be stretched to
928 fit pages in a second formatting run. This is fairly new and
929 complicated; see @inputfileref{input/regression/,page-layout-twopass.ly}
934 Line breaks can only occur if there is a ``proper'' bar line. A note
935 which is hanging over a bar line is not proper, such as
937 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
938 c4 c2 c2 \break % this does nothing
939 c2 c4 | % a break here would work
940 c4 c2 c4 ~ \break % as does this break
946 @subsection Page breaking
948 The default page breaking may be overriden by inserting
949 @code{\pageBreak} or @code{\noPageBreak} commands. These commands are
950 analogous to @code{\break} and @code{\noBreak}. They should be
951 inserted at a bar line. These commands force and forbid a page-break
952 from happening. Of course, the @code{\pageBreak} command also forces
955 Page breaks are computed by the @code{page-breaking} function.
956 LilyPond provides two algorithms for computing page
957 breaks, @code{ly:optimal-breaking} and @code{ly:page-turn-breaking}. The
958 default is @code{ly:optimal-breaking}, but the value can be changed in
959 the @code{\paper} block:
963 #(define page-breaking ly:page-turn-breaking)
967 The old page breaking algorithm is called
968 @code{optimal-page-breaks}. If you are having trouble with the new page
969 breakers, you can enable the old one as a workaround.
975 @funindex \noPageBreak
979 @node Optimal page breaking
980 @subsection Optimal page breaking
982 @funindex ly:optimal-breaking
984 The @code{ly:optimal-breaking} function is LilyPond's default method of
985 determining page breaks. It attempts to find a page breaking that minimizes
986 cramping and stretching, both horizontally and vertically. Unlike
987 @code{ly:page-turn-breaking}, it has no concept of page turns.
990 @node Optimal page turning
991 @subsection Optimal page turning
993 @funindex ly:page-turn-breaking
995 Often it is necessary to find a page breaking configuration so that there is
996 a rest at the end of every second page. This way, the musician can turn the
997 page without having to miss notes. The @code{ly:page-turn-breaking} function
998 attempts to find a page breaking minimizing cramping and stretching, but with
999 the additional restriction that it is only allowed to introduce page turns
1000 in specified places.
1002 There are two steps to using this page breaking function. First, you must
1003 enable it in the @code{\paper} block. Then, you must tell the function
1004 where you would like to allow page breaks.
1006 There are two ways to achieve the second step. First, you can specify each
1007 potential page turn manually, by inserting @code{\allowPageTurn} into your
1008 input file at the appropriate places.
1010 If this is too tedious, you can add a @code{Page_turn_engraver} to a Staff or
1011 Voice context. The @code{Page_turn_engraver} will scan the context for
1012 sections without notes (note that it does not scan for rests; it scans for
1013 the absence of notes. This is so that single-staff polyphony with rests in one
1014 of the parts does not throw off the @code{Page_turn_engraver}). When it finds
1015 a sufficiently long section without notes, the @code{Page_turn_engraver} will
1016 insert an @code{\allowPageTurn} at the final barline in that section, unless
1017 there is a ``special'' barline (such as a double bar), in which case the
1018 @code{\allowPageTurn} will be inserted at the final ``special'' barline in
1021 @funindex minimumPageTurnLength
1022 The @code{Page_turn_engraver} reads the context property
1023 @code{minimumPageTurnLength} to determine how long a note-free section must
1024 be before a page turn is considered. The default value for
1025 @code{minimumPageTurnLength} is @code{#(ly:make-moment 1 1)}. If you want
1026 to disable page turns, you can set it to something very large.
1029 \new Staff \with @{ \consists "Page_turn_engraver" @}
1032 R1 | % a page turn will be allowed here
1034 \set Staff.minimumPageTurnLength = #(ly:make-moment 5 2)
1035 R1 | % a page turn will not be allowed here
1037 R1*2 | % a page turn will be allowed here
1042 @funindex minimumRepeatLengthForPageTurn
1043 The @code{Page_turn_engraver} detects volta repeats. It will only allow a page
1044 turn during the repeat if there is enough time at the beginning and end of the
1045 repeat to turn the page back. The @code{Page_turn_engraver} can also disable
1046 page turns if the repeat is very short. If you set the context property
1047 @code{minimumRepeatLengthForPageTurn} then the @code{Page_turn_engraver} will
1048 only allow turns in repeats whose duration is longer than this value.
1052 The @code{Page_turn_engraver} does not respect time-scaled music. For example, the
1053 following example does not behave as expected:
1056 \new Staff \with @{ \consists "Page_turn_engraver" @}
1059 R1 | % a page turn will be allowed here
1060 a4 b \times 2/3 @{c d e@} |
1061 R1 | % a page turn will NOT be allowed here
1066 There should only be one @code{Page_turn_engraver} in a score. If there is more
1067 than one, they will interfere with each other.
1070 @node Displaying spacing
1071 @section Displaying spacing
1073 @funindex annotate-spacing
1074 @cindex Spacing, display of properties
1076 To graphically display the dimensions of vertical properties
1077 that may be altered for page formatting, use
1080 \paper { annotate-spacing = ##t }
1085 @c FIXME: really bad vagueness due to bug in annotate-spacing. -gp
1086 Some unit dimensions are measured in staff spaces, while others
1087 are measured in millimeters.
1089 (@var{a},@var{b}) are intervals, where @var{a} is the lower edge and
1090 @var{b} the upper edge of the interval.