1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
2 @c This file is part of lilypond.tely
4 @c A menu is needed before every deeper *section nesting of @node's; run
5 @c M-x texinfo-all-menus-update
6 @c to automatically fill in these menus before saving changes
9 @chapter Spacing issues
11 The global paper layout is determined by three factors: the page layout, the
12 line breaks, and the spacing. These all influence each other. The
13 choice of spacing determines how densely each system of music is set.
14 This influences where line breaks are chosen, and thus ultimately, how
15 many pages a piece of music takes.
17 Globally speaking, this procedure happens in four steps: first,
18 flexible distances (``springs'') are chosen, based on durations. All
19 possible line breaking combinations are tried, and a ``badness'' score
20 is calculated for each. Then the height of each possible system is
21 estimated. Finally, a page breaking and line breaking combination is chosen
22 so that neither the horizontal nor the vertical spacing is too cramped
29 * Horizontal spacing::
31 * Displaying spacing::
36 @section Paper and pages
38 This section deals with the boundaries that define the area
39 that music can be printed inside.
48 @subsection Paper size
54 To change the paper size, there are two commands,
56 #(set-default-paper-size "a4")
58 #(set-paper-size "a4")
62 The first command sets the size of all pages. The second command sets the
64 of the pages that the @code{\paper} block applies to -- if the @code{\paper}
65 block is at the top of the file, then it will apply to all pages. If the
66 @code{\paper} block is inside a @code{\book}, then the paper size will only
69 Support for the following paper sizes are included by default,
70 @code{a6}, @code{a5}, @code{a4}, @code{a3}, @code{legal}, @code{letter},
71 @code{11x17} (also known as tabloid).
73 Extra sizes may be added by editing the definition for
74 @code{paper-alist} in the initialization file @file{scm/paper.scm}.
79 If the symbol @code{landscape} is supplied as an argument to
80 @code{set-default-paper-size}, the pages will be rotated by 90 degrees,
81 and wider line widths will be set correspondingly.
84 #(set-default-paper-size "a6" 'landscape)
87 Setting the paper size will adjust a number of @code{\paper} variables
88 (such as margins). To use a particular paper size with altered
89 @code{\paper} variables, set the paper size before setting the variables.
93 @subsection Page formatting
95 @cindex page formatting
100 LilyPond will do page layout, set margins, and add headers and
101 footers to each page.
103 The default layout responds to the following settings in the
110 @funindex first-page-number
111 @item first-page-number
112 The value of the page number of the first page. Default is@tie{}1.
114 @funindex printfirst-page-number
115 @item print-first-page-number
116 If set to true, will print the page number in the first page. Default is
119 @funindex print-page-number
120 @item print-page-number
121 If set to false, page numbers will not be printed. Default is true.
123 @funindex paper-width
125 The width of the page. The default is taken from the current paper size,
126 see @ref{Paper size}.
128 @funindex paper-height
130 The height of the page. The default is taken from the current paper size,
131 see @ref{Paper size}.
135 Margin between header and top of the page. Default is@tie{}5mm.
137 @funindex bottom-margin
139 Margin between footer and bottom of the page. Default is@tie{}6mm.
141 @funindex left-margin
143 Margin between the left side of the page and the beginning of the
144 music. Unset by default, which means that the margins is determined
145 based on the @code{paper-width} and @code{line-width} to center the
150 The length of the systems. Default is @code{paper-width} minus @tie{}20mm.
152 @funindex head-separation
153 @item head-separation
154 Distance between the top-most music system and the page header. Default
157 @funindex foot-separation
158 @item foot-separation
159 Distance between the bottom-most music system and the page
160 footer. Default is@tie{}4mm.
162 @funindex page-top-space
163 Distance from the top of the printable area to the center of the first
164 staff. This only works for staves which are vertically small. Big staves
165 are set with the top of their bounding box aligned to the top of the
166 printable area. Default is@tie{}12mm.
168 @funindex ragged-bottom
170 If set to true, systems will not be spread vertically across the page. This
171 does not affect the last page. Default is false.
173 This should be set to true for pieces that have only two or three
174 systems per page, for example orchestral scores.
176 @funindex ragged-last-bottom
177 @item ragged-last-bottom
178 If set to false, systems will be spread vertically to fill the last
179 page. Default is true.
181 Pieces that amply fill two pages or more should have this set to
184 @funindex system-count
186 This variable, if set, specifies into how many lines a score should be
187 broken. Unset by default.
189 @funindex between-system-space
190 @item between-system-space
191 This dimensions determines the distance between systems. It is the
192 ideal distance between the center of the bottom staff of one system
193 and the center of the top staff of the next system. Default is@tie{}20mm.
195 Increasing this will provide a more even appearance of the page at the
196 cost of using more vertical space.
198 @funindex between-system-padding
199 @item between-system-padding
200 This dimension is the minimum amount of white space that will always
201 be present between the bottom-most symbol of one system, and the
202 top-most of the next system. Default is@tie{}4mm.
204 Increasing this will put systems whose bounding boxes almost touch
208 @funindex horizontal-shift
209 @item horizontal-shift
210 All systems (including titles and system separators) are shifted by
211 this amount to the right. Page markup, such as headers and footers are
212 not affected by this. The purpose of this variable is to make space
213 for instrument names at the left. Default is@tie{}0.
215 @funindex after-title-space
216 @item after-title-space
217 Amount of space between the title and the first system. Default is@tie{}5mm.
219 @funindex before-title-space
220 @item before-title-space
221 Amount of space between the last system of the previous piece and the
222 title of the next. Default is@tie{}10mm.
224 @funindex between-title-space
225 @item between-title-space
226 Amount of space between consecutive titles (e.g., the title of the
227 book and the title of a piece). Default is@tie{}2mm.
229 @funindex printallheaders
230 @item printallheaders
231 Setting this to #t will print all headers for each \score in a
232 \book. Normally only the piece and opus \headers are printed.
234 @funindex systemSeparatorMarkup
235 @item systemSeparatorMarkup
236 This contains a markup object, which will be inserted between
237 systems. This is often used for orchestral scores. Unset by default.
239 The markup command @code{\slashSeparator} is provided as a sensible
242 @lilypond[ragged-right]
245 \relative { c1 \break c1 }
248 systemSeparatorMarkup = \slashSeparator
253 @funindex blank-page-force
254 @item blank-page-force
255 The penalty for having a blank page in the middle of a
256 score. This is not used by @code{ly:optimal-breaking} since it will
257 never consider blank pages in the middle of a score. Default value
260 @funindex blank-last-page-force
261 @item blank-last-page-force
262 The penalty for ending the score on an odd-numbered page.
265 @funindex page-spacing-weight
266 @item page-spacing-weight
267 The relative importance of page (vertical) spacing and line (horizontal)
268 spacing. High values will make page spacing more important. Default
281 ragged-last-bottom = ##t
285 You can also define these values in Scheme. In that case @code{mm},
286 @code{in}, @code{pt}, and @code{cm} are variables defined in
287 @file{paper-defaults.ly} with values in millimeters. That is why the
288 value must be multiplied in the example
292 #(define bottom-margin (* 2 cm))
296 The header and footer are created by the functions @code{make-footer}
297 and @code{make-header}, defined in @code{\paper}. The default
298 implementations are in @file{ly/@/paper@/-defaults@/.ly} and
299 @file{ly/@/titling@/-init@/.ly}.
301 The page layout itself is done by two functions in the
302 @code{\paper} block, @code{page-music-height} and
303 @code{page-make-stencil}. The former tells the line-breaking algorithm
304 how much space can be spent on a page, the latter creates the actual
305 page given the system to put on it.
310 The option right-margin is defined but doesn't set the right margin
311 yet. The value for the right margin has to be defined adjusting the
312 values of @code{left-margin} and @code{line-width}.
314 The default page header puts the page number and the @code{instrument}
315 field from the @code{\header} block on a line.
317 The titles (from the @code{\header@{@}} section) are treated as a
318 system, so @code{ragged-bottom} and @code{ragged-last-bottom} will
319 add space between the titles and the first system of the score.
323 @section Music layout
326 * Setting global staff size::
331 @node Setting global staff size
332 @subsection Setting global staff size
334 @cindex font size, setting
335 @cindex staff size, setting
336 @funindex layout file
338 To set the global staff size, use @code{set-global-staff-size}.
341 #(set-global-staff-size 14)
345 This sets the global default size to 14pt staff height and scales all
348 The Feta font provides musical symbols at eight different
349 sizes. Each font is tuned for a different staff size: at a smaller size
350 the font becomes heavier, to match the relatively heavier staff lines.
351 The recommended font sizes are listed in the following table:
354 @multitable @columnfractions .15 .2 .22 .2
357 @tab @b{staff height (pt)}
358 @tab @b{staff height (mm)}
400 @c modern rental material?
405 These fonts are available in any sizes. The context property
406 @code{fontSize} and the layout property @code{staff-space} (in
407 @internalsref{StaffSymbol}) can be used to tune the size for individual
408 staves. The sizes of individual staves are relative to the global size.
416 This manual: @ref{Selecting notation font size}.
420 @subsection Score layout
424 While @code{\paper} contains settings that relate to the page formatting
425 of the whole document, @code{\layout} contains settings for score-specific
432 \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-6 . 6)
435 \override TextScript #'padding = #1.0
436 \override Glissando #'thickness = #3
444 This manual: @ref{Changing context default settings}
447 @node Vertical spacing
448 @section Vertical spacing
450 @cindex vertical spacing
451 @cindex spacing, vertical
453 Vertical spacing is controlled by three things: the amount of
454 space available (i.e., paper size and margins), the amount of
455 space between systems, and the amount of space between
456 staves inside a system.
459 * Vertical spacing inside a system::
460 * Vertical spacing of piano staves::
461 * Vertical spacing between systems::
462 * Controlling spacing of individual systems::
466 @node Vertical spacing inside a system
467 @subsection Vertical spacing inside a system
469 @cindex distance between staves
470 @cindex staff distance
471 @cindex space between staves
472 @cindex space inside systems
474 The height of each system is determined automatically. To prevent
475 staves from bumping into each other, some minimum distances are set.
476 By changing these, you can put staves closer together. This
477 reduces the amount of space each system requires, and may result
478 in having more systems per page.
480 Normally staves are stacked vertically. To make staves maintain a
481 distance, their vertical size is padded. This is done with the
482 property @code{minimum-Y-extent}. When applied to a
483 @internalsref{VerticalAxisGroup}, it controls the size of a horizontal
484 line, such as a staff or a line of lyrics. @code{minimum-Y-extent}
485 takes a pair of numbers, so
486 if you want to make it smaller than its default @code{#'(-4 . 4)}
490 \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
494 This sets the vertical size of the current staff to 3 staff spaces on
495 either side of the center staff line. The value @code{(-3 . 3)} is
496 interpreted as an interval, where the center line is the 0, so the
497 first number is generally negative. The numbers need not match;
498 for example, the staff can be made larger at the bottom by setting
499 it to @code{(-6 . 4)}.
504 Internals: Vertical alignment of staves is handled by the
505 @internalsref{VerticalAlignment} object. The context parameters
506 specifying the vertical extent are described in connection with
507 the @internalsref{Axis_group_engraver}.
509 Example files: @inputfileref{input/regression/,page-spacing.ly},
510 @inputfileref{input/regression/,alignment-vertical-spacing.ly}.
513 @node Vertical spacing of piano staves
514 @subsection Vertical spacing of piano staves
516 The distance between staves of a @internalsref{PianoStaff} cannot be
517 computed during formatting. Rather, to make cross-staff beaming work
518 correctly, that distance has to be fixed beforehand.
520 The distance of staves in a @code{PianoStaff} is set with the
521 @code{forced-distance} property of the
522 @internalsref{VerticalAlignment} object, created in
523 @internalsref{PianoStaff}.
525 It can be adjusted as follows
527 \new PianoStaff \with @{
528 \override VerticalAlignment #'forced-distance = #7
535 This would bring the staves together at a distance of 7 staff spaces,
536 measured from the center line of each staff.
538 The difference is demonstrated in the following example,
539 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
541 \new PianoStaff \with {
542 \override VerticalAlignment #'forced-distance = #7
557 Example files: @inputfileref{input/regression/,alignment-vertical-spacing.ly}.
560 @node Vertical spacing between systems
561 @subsection Vertical spacing between systems
563 Space between systems are controlled by four @code{\paper} variables,
567 between-system-space = 1.5\cm
568 between-system-padding = #1
570 ragged-last-bottom=##f
575 @node Controlling spacing of individual systems
576 @subsection Controlling spacing of individual systems
578 It is also possible to change the distance between for each system
579 individually. This is done by including the command
583 #"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn"
584 #'line-break-system-details
585 #'((fixed-alignment-extra-space . 15))
589 at the line break before the system to be changed. The distance
590 @code{15} is distributed over all staves that have a fixed distance
591 alignment. For example,
593 @lilypond[ragged-right, fragment, relative=2, staffsize=13]
599 #"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn"
600 #'line-break-system-details
601 #'((fixed-alignment-extra-space . 15))
609 The distance for @code{fixed-alignment-extra-space} may also be
614 @node Horizontal spacing
615 @section Horizontal Spacing
617 @cindex horizontal spacing
618 @cindex spacing, horizontal
621 * Horizontal spacing overview::
623 * Changing horizontal spacing::
628 @node Horizontal spacing overview
629 @subsection Horizontal spacing overview
631 The spacing engine translates differences in durations into stretchable
632 distances (``springs'') of differring lengths. Longer durations get
633 more space, shorter durations get less. The shortest durations get a
634 fixed amount of space (which is controlled by
635 @code{shortest-duration-space} in the @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}
636 object). The longer the duration, the more space it gets: doubling a
637 duration adds a fixed amount (this amount is controlled by
638 @code{spacing-increment}) of space to the note.
640 For example, the following piece contains lots of half, quarter, and
641 8th notes; the eighth note is followed by 1 note head width (NHW).
642 The quarter note is followed by 2 NHW, the half by 3 NHW, etc.
644 @lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
645 c2 c4. c8 c4. c8 c4. c8 c8
649 Normally, @code{spacing-increment} is set to 1.2 staff space, which is
650 approximately the width of a note head, and
651 @code{shortest-duration-space} is set to 2.0, meaning that the
652 shortest note gets 2.4 staff space (2.0 times the
653 @code{spacing-increment}) of horizontal space. This space is counted
654 from the left edge of the symbol, so the shortest notes are generally
655 followed by one NHW of space.
657 If one would follow the above procedure exactly, then adding a single
658 32nd note to a score that uses 8th and 16th notes, would widen up the
659 entire score a lot. The shortest note is no longer a 16th, but a 32nd,
660 thus adding 1 NHW to every note. To prevent this, the shortest
661 duration for spacing is not the shortest note in the score, but rather
662 the one which occurs most frequently.
665 The most common shortest duration is determined as follows: in every
666 measure, the shortest duration is determined. The most common shortest
667 duration is taken as the basis for the spacing, with the stipulation
668 that this shortest duration should always be equal to or shorter than
669 an 8th note. The shortest duration is printed when you run
670 @code{lilypond} with the @code{--verbose} option.
672 These durations may also be customized. If you set the
673 @code{common-shortest-duration} in @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}, then
674 this sets the base duration for spacing. The maximum duration for this
675 base (normally an 8th), is set through @code{base-shortest-duration}.
677 @funindex common-shortest-duration
678 @funindex base-shortest-duration
679 @funindex stem-spacing-correction
682 Notes that are even shorter than the common shortest note are
683 followed by a space that is proportional to their duration relative to
684 the common shortest note. So if we were to add only a few 16th notes
685 to the example above, they would be followed by half a NHW:
687 @lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,relative=2]
688 c2 c4. c8 c4. c16[ c] c4. c8 c8 c8 c4 c4 c4
692 In the introduction (see @ref{Engraving}), it was explained that stem
693 directions influence spacing. This is controlled with the
694 @code{stem-spacing-correction} property in the
695 @internalsref{NoteSpacing}, object. These are generated for every
696 @internalsref{Voice} context. The @code{StaffSpacing} object
697 (generated in @internalsref{Staff} context) contains the same property
698 for controlling the stem/bar line spacing. The following example shows
699 these corrections, once with default settings, and once with
700 exaggerated corrections:
702 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
706 \override Staff.NoteSpacing #'stem-spacing-correction = #1.5
707 \override Staff.StaffSpacing #'stem-spacing-correction = #1.5
713 Proportional notation is supported; see @ref{Proportional notation}.
718 Internals: @internalsref{SpacingSpanner}, @internalsref{NoteSpacing},
719 @internalsref{StaffSpacing}, @internalsref{SeparationItem}, and
720 @internalsref{SeparatingGroupSpanner}.
725 There is no convenient mechanism to manually override spacing. The
726 following work-around may be used to insert extra space into a score.
728 \once \override Score.SeparationItem #'padding = #1
731 No work-around exists for decreasing the amount of space.
734 @node New spacing area
735 @subsection New spacing area
737 New sections with different spacing parameters can be started with
738 @code{newSpacingSection}. This is useful when there are
739 sections with a different notions of long and short notes.
741 In the following example, the time signature change introduces a new
742 section, and hence the 16ths notes are spaced wider.
744 @lilypond[relative,fragment,verbatim,quote]
747 c8 c c4 c16[ c c8] c4
754 @node Changing horizontal spacing
755 @subsection Changing horizontal spacing
757 Horizontal spacing may be altered with the
758 @code{base-shortest-duration} property. Here
759 we compare the same music; once without altering
760 the property, and then altered. Larger values
761 of @code{ly:make-moment} will produce smaller
764 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,line-width=12\cm]
767 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 d e f | g4 g g2 |
768 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
769 d4 d d d | d4 e f2 | e4 e e e | e4 f g2 |
770 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
775 @lilypond[relative,verbatim,line-width=12\cm]
778 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 d e f | g4 g g2 |
779 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
780 d4 d d d | d4 e f2 | e4 e e e | e4 f g2 |
781 g4 e e2 | f4 d d2 | c4 e g g | c,1 |
786 \override SpacingSpanner
787 #'base-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
796 By default, spacing in tuplets depends on various non-duration
797 factors (such as accidentals, clef changes, etc). To disregard
798 such symbols and force uniform equal-duration spacing, use
799 @code{Score.SpacingSpanner #'uniform-stretching}. This
800 property can only be changed at the beginning of a score,
802 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
804 \override SpacingSpanner #'uniform-stretching = ##t
822 When @code{strict-note-spacing} is set, notes are spaced without
823 regard for clefs, bar lines, and grace notes,
825 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
826 \override Score.SpacingSpanner #'strict-note-spacing = ##t
827 \new Staff { c8[ c \clef alto c \grace { c16[ c] } c8 c c] c32[ c32] }
832 @subsection Line length
835 @cindex breaking pages
839 @funindex ragged-right
840 @funindex ragged-last
842 @c Although line-width can be set in \layout, it should be set in paper
843 @c block, to get page layout right.
844 @c Setting indent in \paper block makes not much sense, but it works.
846 @c Bit verbose and vague, use examples?
847 The most basic settings influencing the spacing are @code{indent} and
848 @code{line-width}. They are set in the @code{\layout} block. They
849 control the indentation of the first line of music, and the lengths of
852 If @code{ragged-right} is set to true in the @code{\layout} block, then
853 systems ends at their natural horizontal length, instead of being spread
854 horizontally to fill the whole line. This is useful for
855 short fragments, and for checking how tight the natural spacing is.
858 @cindex vertical spacing
860 The option @code{ragged-last} is similar to @code{ragged-right}, but
861 only affects the last line of the piece. No restrictions are put on
862 that line. The result is similar to formatting text paragraphs. In a
863 paragraph, the last line simply takes its natural horizontal length.
864 @c Note that for text there are several options for the last line.
865 @c While Knuth TeX uses natural length, lead typesetters use the same
866 @c stretch as the previous line. eTeX uses \lastlinefit to
867 @c interpolate between both these solutions.
884 * Optimal page breaking::
885 * Optimal page turning::
889 @subsection Line breaking
892 @cindex breaking lines
894 Line breaks are normally computed automatically. They are chosen so
895 that lines look neither cramped nor loose, and that consecutive lines
896 have similar density.
898 Occasionally you might want to override the automatic breaks; you can
899 do this by specifying @code{\break}. This will force a line break at
900 this point. Line breaks can only occur at places where there are bar
901 lines. If you want to have a line break where there is no bar line,
902 you can force an invisible bar line by entering @code{\bar
903 ""}. Similarly, @code{\noBreak} forbids a line break at a
907 @cindex regular line breaks
908 @cindex four bar music.
910 For line breaks at regular intervals use @code{\break} separated by
911 skips and repeated with @code{\repeat}:
913 << \repeat unfold 7 @{
914 s1 \noBreak s1 \noBreak
915 s1 \noBreak s1 \break @}
916 @emph{the real music}
921 This makes the following 28 measures (assuming 4/4 time) be broken every
922 4 measures, and only there.
926 @code{\break}, and @code{\noBreak}.
932 Internals: @internalsref{LineBreakEvent}.
934 A linebreaking configuration can now be saved as a @code{.ly} file
935 automatically. This allows vertical alignments to be stretched to
936 fit pages in a second formatting run. This is fairly new and
937 complicated; see @inputfileref{input/regression/,page-layout-twopass.ly}
942 Line breaks can only occur if there is a ``proper'' bar line. A note
943 which is hanging over a bar line is not proper, such as
945 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,relative=2,fragment,verbatim]
946 c4 c2 c2 \break % this does nothing
947 c2 c4 | % a break here would work
948 c4 c2 c4 ~ \break % as does this break
954 @subsection Page breaking
956 The default page breaking may be overriden by inserting
957 @code{\pageBreak} or @code{\noPageBreak} commands. These commands are
958 analogous to @code{\break} and @code{\noBreak}. They should be
959 inserted at a bar line. These commands force and forbid a page-break
960 from happening. Of course, the @code{\pageBreak} command also forces
963 Page breaks are computed by the @code{page-breaking} function.
964 LilyPond provides two algorithms for computing page
965 breaks, @code{ly:optimal-breaking} and @code{ly:page-turn-breaking}. The
966 default is @code{ly:optimal-breaking}, but the value can be changed in
967 the @code{\paper} block:
971 #(define page-breaking ly:page-turn-breaking)
975 The old page breaking algorithm is called
976 @code{optimal-page-breaks}. If you are having trouble with the new page
977 breakers, you can enable the old one as a workaround.
983 @funindex \noPageBreak
987 @node Optimal page breaking
988 @subsection Optimal page breaking
990 @funindex ly:optimal-breaking
992 The @code{ly:optimal-breaking} function is LilyPond's default method of
993 determining page breaks. It attempts to find a page breaking that minimizes
994 cramping and stretching, both horizontally and vertically. Unlike
995 @code{ly:page-turn-breaking}, it has no concept of page turns.
998 @node Optimal page turning
999 @subsection Optimal page turning
1001 @funindex ly:page-turn-breaking
1003 Often it is necessary to find a page breaking configuration so that there is
1004 a rest at the end of every second page. This way, the musician can turn the
1005 page without having to miss notes. The @code{ly:page-turn-breaking} function
1006 attempts to find a page breaking minimizing cramping and stretching, but with
1007 the additional restriction that it is only allowed to introduce page turns
1008 in specified places.
1010 There are two steps to using this page breaking function. First, you must
1011 enable it in the @code{\paper} block. Then, you must tell the function
1012 where you would like to allow page breaks.
1014 There are two ways to achieve the second step. First, you can specify each
1015 potential page turn manually, by inserting @code{\allowPageTurn} into your
1016 input file at the appropriate places.
1018 If this is too tedious, you can add a @code{Page_turn_engraver} to a Staff or
1019 Voice context. The @code{Page_turn_engraver} will scan the context for
1020 sections without notes (note that it does not scan for rests; it scans for
1021 the absence of notes. This is so that single-staff polyphony with rests in one
1022 of the parts does not throw off the @code{Page_turn_engraver}). When it finds
1023 a sufficiently long section without notes, the @code{Page_turn_engraver} will
1024 insert an @code{\allowPageTurn} at the final barline in that section, unless
1025 there is a ``special'' barline (such as a double bar), in which case the
1026 @code{\allowPageTurn} will be inserted at the final ``special'' barline in
1029 @funindex minimumPageTurnLength
1030 The @code{Page_turn_engraver} reads the context property
1031 @code{minimumPageTurnLength} to determine how long a note-free section must
1032 be before a page turn is considered. The default value for
1033 @code{minimumPageTurnLength} is @code{#(ly:make-moment 1 1)}. If you want
1034 to disable page turns, you can set it to something very large.
1037 \new Staff \with @{ \consists "Page_turn_engraver" @}
1040 R1 | % a page turn will be allowed here
1042 \set Staff.minimumPageTurnLength = #(ly:make-moment 5 2)
1043 R1 | % a page turn will not be allowed here
1045 R1*2 | % a page turn will be allowed here
1050 @funindex minimumRepeatLengthForPageTurn
1051 The @code{Page_turn_engraver} detects volta repeats. It will only allow a page
1052 turn during the repeat if there is enough time at the beginning and end of the
1053 repeat to turn the page back. The @code{Page_turn_engraver} can also disable
1054 page turns if the repeat is very short. If you set the context property
1055 @code{minimumRepeatLengthForPageTurn} then the @code{Page_turn_engraver} will
1056 only allow turns in repeats whose duration is longer than this value.
1060 The @code{Page_turn_engraver} does not respect time-scaled music. For example, the
1061 following example does not behave as expected:
1064 \new Staff \with @{ \consists "Page_turn_engraver" @}
1067 R1 | % a page turn will be allowed here
1068 a4 b \times 2/3 @{c d e@} |
1069 R1 | % a page turn will NOT be allowed here
1074 There should only be one @code{Page_turn_engraver} in a score. If there is more
1075 than one, they will interfere with each other.
1078 @node Displaying spacing
1079 @section Displaying spacing
1081 @funindex annotate-spacing
1082 @cindex Spacing, display of properties
1084 To graphically display the dimensions of vertical properties
1085 that may be altered for page formatting, use
1088 \paper { annotate-spacing = ##t }
1093 @c FIXME: really bad vagueness due to bug in annotate-spacing. -gp
1094 Some unit dimensions are measured in staff spaces, while others
1095 are measured in millimeters.
1097 (@var{a},@var{b}) are intervals, where @var{a} is the lower edge and
1098 @var{b} the upper edge of the interval.