patch::: 1.3.121.jcn2

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / user / lilypond-book.tely

\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@setfilename lilypond-book.info
@settitle lilypond-book Manual
@afourpaper
@titlepage
@title lilypond-book Manual
@subtitle Integrating lilypond with La@TeX{} and TeXinfo
@author Tom Cato Amundsen and  Han-Wen Nienhuys

     Copyright @copyright{} 1999 by the authors

@vskip 0pt plus 1filll

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified
versions of this manual under the conditions for
verbatim copying, provided also that the sections
entitled ``Copying'' and ``GNU General Public License''
are included exactly as in the original, and provided
that the entire resulting derived work is distributed
under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute
translations of this manual into another language,
under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a
translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.

@end titlepage

@ifinfo
This file documents GNU LilyPond.

Copyright 1999 Tom Cato Amundsen and  Han-Wen Nienhuys


Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX
and print the results, provided the printed document
carries a copying permission notice identical to this
one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified
versions of this manual under the conditions for
verbatim copying, provided also that the sections
entitled ``Copying'' and ``GNU General Public License''
are included exactly as in the original, and provided
that the entire resulting derived work is distributed
under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute
translations of this manual into another language,
under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a
translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.

@end ifinfo
@tex
\def\preLilypondExample{\vspace{0.5cm}}
@end tex

@contents
@node Top
@top



@section Introduction

[ The tutorial part is at the moment commented out and moved to 
the end of this document ]


[TODO: THIS MANUAL IS NOT FINISHED YET. FIXME.]

@command{lilypond-book} is a script that helps integrating lilypond with
La@TeX{} or TeXinfo. @command{lilypond-book} runs Lilypond on fragments
of lilypond in your source file, and includes the results into a
document that can be processed with La@TeX{}, @command{makeinfo}
or @command{texi2dvi}.
The result is a text document with formatted music integrated.

@command{lilypond-book} will do its best to try to align the music to
the left and right margins. Currently all papersizes, one- and
twocolumn mode and the @code{geometry} package is supported. 
The TeXinfo command @code{pagesize} is on the TODO list for Lilypond 1.4.
But changing the linewidth in other ways will not give you a straight
right margin.

This document assumes you have basic knowledge of GNU LilyPond and
La@TeX{} or texinfo.

@section TeXinfo reference

Your markup the lilypond code like this:
@example
@@lilypond[options, go, here]
 YOUR LILYPOND CODE
@@end lilypond
@end example

or

@example
@@lilypond[option, go, here]@{ YOUR LILYPOND CODE @}
@end example

@command{lilypond-book} knows the default margins, and a few papersizes.
These commands should be in the beginning of the document:
@itemize @bullet
@item @code{@@afourpaper}
@item @code{@@afourlatex}
@item @code{@@afourwide}
@item @code{@@smallbook}
@end itemize
@code{@@pagesizes} are not yet supported.

@subsection Examples

Two simple examples. First a complete block:

@example
@@lilypond[26pt]
c' d' e' f' g'2 g'
@@end lilypond
@end example

produces this music:
@lilypond
c' d' e' f' g'2 g'
@end lilypond

Then the short version:
@example
@@lilypond[11pt]@{<c' e' g'>@}
@end example

and its music:

@lilypond[11pt]{<c' e' g'>}


@subsection @@example and @@code

I'm not sure if this will go into the final documentation, this is
here mostly to remember me on why things are the way they are.

@command{lilypond-book} will do nothing with special with @code{@@code} and
@code{@@example} environments. The 'code' and 'example' commands
should work just as normal. People looking at document that should be
processed by @command{lilypond-book}, should notice nothing special, except from
some block like this:
@example
@@lilypond
BLABLA
@@end lilypond
@end example

or this:

@code{@@lilypond@{ BLABLA @}}

Anything other is a bug in @command{lilypond-book}.

So to get this in the printed manual:

@example
@@lilypond[26pt]
\relative c'@{c d e f g2 g@}
@@end lilypond
@end example

you have to write this:

@example
@@example
@@@@lilypond[26pt]
\relative c'@@@{c d e f g2 g@@@}
@@@@end lilypond
@@end example
@end example

Simply explained, every '@{', '@}' and '@@' has to be written as '@@@{',
'@@@}' and '@@@@'. This is how it works in plain texinfo too.

@section La@TeX{} reference

Your markup the lilypond code like this:
@example
\begin[option, go, here]@{lilypond@}
 YOUR LILYPOND CODE
\end@{lilypond@}
@end example

or 

@example
\lilypond@{ YOUR LILYPOND CODE @}
@end example

Lilypond-book know about the @code{\onecolumn} and 
@code{\twocolumn} commands, the @code{geometry} package and
all the standard paper sizes.

The music will be surrounded by @code{\preLilypondExample} and
@code{\postLilypondExample}. The variables are 
defined to nothing by default, and the user can redefine them
to whatever he wants.
@strong{[UGH: THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN WHEN
YOU USE THE SHORT FORM, \LILYPOND@{ ... @}, CHECK OUT WHY]}

@subsection Examples 

@example
\begin[26pt]@{lilypond@}
c' d' e' f' g'2 g'2
\end@{lilypond@}
@end example

produces this music:

@lilypond[26pt]
c' d' e' f' g'2 g'2
@end lilypond

Then the short version:
@example
\lilypond[11pt]@{<c' e' g'>@}
@end example

and its music:

@lilypond[11pt]{<c' e' g'>}


@subsection \begin@{verbatim@} and \verb|\verb| 

There work just as expected. Look at @file{mb-latex.tex} for details.

@section Options

@table @samp
@item eps
    the music is created as eps graphics that can be inserted in 
    the middle of a text line, not only as a separate paragraph.
    (La@TeX{} only)
@item verbatim
    CONTENTS is copied into the source enclosed in a verbatim block,
    followed by any text given with the @code{intertext} option, then
    the actual music is displayed. This option does not work with
    the short version of the lilypond blocks:

    @code{ @@lilypond@{ CONTENTS @} } and @code{ \lilypond@{ CONTENTS @} }
    
@item intertext="text inside apostrophs"
    Used in conjunction with @code{verbatim} option.
@item filename=FILENAME
    Save the lilypond code to FILENAME instead of using a hash value
    of CONTENTS.
@item 11pt, 13pt, 16pt, 20pt, 26pt
    set the fontsize to use for the music
@item singleline
  linewidth = -1.
@item multiline
  linewidth = textwidth
@item fragment
@item nonfragment
    Override @command{lilypond-book} autodetection of what type of code is in the
    lilypond block, voice contents or complete code.
@end table

@section Invocation

When you run @command{lilypond-book} it will generate lots of small
files that Lilypond will process. So to avoid all the garbage in
your source directory, you should either change to a temporary
directory, or use the @code{--outdir} commandline options:

@code{cd out && lilypond-book ../yourfile.tex}

@code{lilypond-book --outdir=out yourfile.tex}


For latex input, the file to give to latex has ext @file{.latex}.
TeXinfo input will be written to a file with ext @file{.texi}. So be
careful, don't give the source file that ext, or the file will be
overwritten.

If you use @code{--outdir}, you should also @code{cd} to that directory
before running LaTeX or makeinfo.

@strong{[UGH: IS THIS THE BEST WAY TO DO IT? MAYBE ADD A COMMENT LINE TO THE
GENERATED FILE, SO LILYPOND-BOOK CAN TEST IF THE FILE IT IS TO OVERWRITE
IS GENERATED.]}

@strong{About the input}

If the file contains the ``block''

@example 

        \begin@{lilypond@}
        CONTENTS
        \end@{lilypond@}
 
@end example 

then LilyPond is run on CONTENTS.  @command{lilypond-book} puts the result back,
surrounded by @code{\preLilypondExample} and @code{\postLilypondExample}
commands. @code{\preLilypondExample} and @code{posLilypondExample} is
defined to nothing by default, and the user can redefine them
to whatever he wants.


@subsection Command line options

@table @samp

@item @option{-f}, @option{--format=}
    Specify the document type to process, @code{latex} or @code{texi}.
    @command{lilypond-book} usually figure out this automatically.
@item --default-music-fontsize=??pt
    Set the fontsize to use for lilypond if no fontsize is given
    as option.
@item --force-music-fontsize=??pt
    Force all lilypond to use this fontsize, overriding options
    given to \begin@{lilypond@}
@item -I DIR, --include=DIR
    include path
@item -M, --dependencies
        Write dependencies to out-www/filename.dep
@item --dep-prefix=PREF
        prepend PREF before each -M dependency
@item -n, --no-lily
        don't run lilypond
@item --no-pictures
        don't generate pictures
@item --read-lys
        don't write ly files. This way you can do
        @example
        lilypond-book file.tely
        convert-ly
        lilypond-book --read-lys
        @end example
@item --outname=FILE
    The name of La@TeX{} file to output. If this option  is not given,
    the output name derived from the input name.
@item --outdir=
        where to place generated files
@item --version
        print version information
@item --help
        Print a short help message
@end table



@command{lilypond-book} is written in python 1.5, so you have to install
@uref{http://www.python.org,python}.



@section Bugs
  
The La@TeX{} \includeonly@{...@} command is ignored.

Ignores almost all La@TeX{} commands that changes margins and linewidths.

@section Authors

@email{hanwen@@cs.uu.nl, Han-Wen Nienhuys}, @uref{http://www.cs.uu.nl/people/hanwen}

@email{tca@@gnu.org, Tom Cato Amundsen}

@bye
@ignore

So what does this look like? Well, here is an example:
@lilypond[veryverbatim, intertext="produces this music:"]
\score{
  \notes\relative c'{
    \time 5/8;
    [e16( g b c a g][e a b d] | )e2 d,8 |
    [e16( g b c a g][e a b d] | )b2 [a16( f] |
    [e a b d] )e4 c8 | [es16( bes a as g es][d c b! )g] |
    [f( a b d b a][f a b d] | )e2
  }
}
@end lilypond
If you are lucky, the above example show a nice feature of LilyPond
and La@TeX{}. Since LilyPond can output the music as @TeX{} graphics,
La@TeX{} can insert pagebreaks between the lines of music.

Notice that there is no @code{\paper} statement in the example
above. Lilypond-book will insert some code for you that defines the
linewidth and the font to use. If you don't want to change the default, 
there is no need to put an empty @code{\paper@{@}} inside the @code{\score}.
In the example above, something like
this might be inserted before your code:
@example
\include "paper16.ly"
\paper@{ \paper_sixteen
    linewidth = 390.\pt;
    castingalgorithm = \Gourlay;
@}
@end example
The actual values for linewidth will differ depending on papersize and
number of columns. Also, if you use a different fontsize for the
music, another file than @code{paper16.ly} will be included.

If you want to make the music not so wide, you can insert a
@code{\paper} statement that set the linewidth:

@lilypond[veryverbatim, intertext="produces this music:"]
\score{
  \notes\relative c'{
    \time 5/8;
    [e16( g b c a g][e a b d] | )e2 d,8 |
    [e16( g b c a g][e a b d] | )b2 [a16( f] |
    [e a b d] )e4 c8 | [es16( bes a as g es][d c b! )g] |
    [f( a b d b a][f a b d] | )e2
  }
  \paper{linewidth = 10.\cm;}
}
@end lilypond

Very often, if you mix music and text, the music is often only a 
few notes or at most a few bars. This music should be as short as
possible and not stretched to be aligned to the right margin.

If you only write voice-contents in the lilypond block, @command{lilypond-book}
will set the @code{linewidth} variable to -1, so Lilypond
will make the music as short as possible but without breaking the
line. Here is a well know harmonic progression:
@lilypond[veryverbatim, intertext="produce a well known harmonic progression:"]
  \context Voice { <c' e g> <b d g> <c2 e g> }
@end lilypond

If you want to place music examples in the text,
@lilypond[eps]
\context Voice {  <c' e g> <b d g> <c2 e g>}
@end lilypond
, you can use the @code{eps} option. This will create the music as
eps graphics and include it into the document with the 
@code{\includegraphics} command.

The code used look like this:
@example
@@lilypond[eps]
 \context Voice { <c' e g> <b d g> <c2 e g> }
@@end lilypond
@end example

You can also use the @code{eps} option if the block is a complete
lilypond source. This 5 cm long empty line, 
@lilypond[eps]
\score{
  \notes{s}
  \paper{ linewidth = 5.\cm;}
}
@end lilypond
was created with this code:
@example
@@lilypond[eps]
\score@{
  \notes@{s@}
  \paper@{ linewidth = 5.\cm;@}
@}
@@end lilypond
@end example

To avoid that La@TeX{} places the music on a line of its one, there should
be no empty lines between the normal text and the lilypond
environment. 

You can also use @code{lilypondfile} (on a separate line, FIXME), to
include another file.

@section Fontsize options You can use all lilypond fontsizes in
@command{lilypond-book}.  The default 16pt fontsize is probably to big to be
included in the middle of the text, 11pt or 13pt is probably better.

The code can look like this:
@example
@@lilypond[13pt, eps]
<c' e g>
@@end lilypond
@end example

The following options set the fontsize:
@itemize
@item @code{11pt}
@lilypond[11pt, eps]
  \relative c'{
    r16 [c d e][f d e c] [g'8 c][b-\prall c] |
    [d16 g, a b][c a b g][d'8 g f-\prall g]
  }
@end lilypond
@item @code{13pt}
@lilypond[13pt, eps]
  \relative c'{
    r16 [c d e][f d e c] [g'8 c][b-\prall c] |
    [d16 g, a b][c a b g][d'8 g f-\prall g]
  }
@end lilypond
@item @code{16pt}
@lilypond[16pt, eps]
  \relative c'{
    r16 [c d e][f d e c] [g'8 c][b-\prall c] |
    [d16 g, a b][c a b g][d'8 g f-\prall g]
  }
@end lilypond
@item @code{20pt}
@lilypond[20pt, eps]
  \relative c'{
    r16 [c d e][f d e c] [g'8 c][b-\prall c] |
    [d16 g, a b][c a b g][d'8 g f-\prall g]
  }
@end lilypond
@item @code{26pt}
@lilypond[26pt, eps]
  \relative c'{
    r16 [c d e][f d e c] [g'8 c][b-\prall c] |
    [d16 g, a b][c a b g][d'8 g f-\prall g]
  }
@end lilypond
@end itemize


@section More options
@itemize
@item The @code{singleline} option set @code{linewidth} to -1.0.
@item The @code{multiline} option set @code{linewidth} to a value letting
the music be aligned to the right margin. The music can span several
lines. 
@end itemize

@section Just in case...
The options @code{fragment} and @code{nonfragment} will override
@command{lilypond-book} when it scans the lilypond code to see if it is voice
contents or complete code. This might be useful if @command{lilypond-book} choose
wrong. 

Since there is no finder's fee which doubles every year, there is no
need to wait for the price money to grow. So send a bug report today
if you need this one of these options.

@section Examples

This was all options to @code{\begin}. The rest of the lilypond
document will show some ways you can use lilypond in
La@TeX{} documents. It will also act as a simple test-suite for
lilypond-book. You can place @code{eps} lilypond in and marginspars just
as any other included eps graphics.

@lilypond
\score{
  \notes\relative c'{ 
        \time 12/8;  
        r4-\fermata [b16-.( )b-.] [f'8-- dis16-.( )dis-. gis8--]
        [f16-.( )f-. dis8-- gis16-.( )gis-.] cis4.-\fermata |
        
        r4.-\fermata [cis,16 cis g'8 f16 f b8][g16 g f8 b16 b] dis4.-\fermata
  }
  \paper{linewidth = 7.\cm;}
}
@end lilypond


To the right you can see some bars from the trumpet fanfara from the
beginning of the fantastic street opera ``Houdini the Great'', by the
Danish composer Andy Pape. The music is put inside a
@code{floatingfigure} environment, and the music will be aligned by
the right marging if you set floatingfigure width and lilypond linewidth
to the same value. The code looks like this:

@lilypond[verbatim]
\score{
  \notes\relative c'{ 
    \time 12/8;  
    r4.-\fermata [b16-.( )b-.] [f'8-- dis16-.( )dis-. gis8--]
    [f16-.( )f-. dis8-- gis16-.( )gis-.] cis8.-\fermata |
        
    r4.-\fermata [cis,16 cis g'8 f16 f b8]
    [g16 g f8 b16 b] dis4.-\fermata
  }
  \paper{linewidth = 7.\cm;}
}
@end lilypond

If you have a lot of small music examples like this in the middle of
your text, you might get a nicer look by using ``double'' line
spacing. Put the @code{\linespread@{1.6@}} command into the preamble of
your document. Then the line spacing will not be increased between the
lines where you have music printed with the smallest font size.

Lilypond-book does know about @code{\onecolumn} and @code{\twocolumn}. 
So the music will be adjusted to the new linewith:

Verbatim environments will also ignore the page margins. That is
a feature of La@TeX{}. (But you usually put things inside a verbatim
environment when you don't want La@TeX{} to do any linebreaking)

@end ignore