1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{fretted-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
17 to fretted string instruments.
20 @cindex tablature, guitar
21 @cindex tablature, banjo
22 @cindex guitar tablature
23 @cindex banjo tablature
26 * Common notation for fretted strings::
31 @node Common notation for fretted strings
32 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
34 This section discusses common notation that is unique
35 to fretted string instruments.
38 * References for fretted strings::
39 * String number indications::
40 * Default tablatures::
42 * Fret diagram markups::
43 * Predefined fret diagrams::
44 * Automatic fret diagrams::
45 * Right-hand fingerings::
48 @node References for fretted strings
49 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for fretted strings
51 Music for fretted string instruments is normally notated on
52 a single staff, either in traditional music notation or in
53 tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
54 especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
55 a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
56 transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
57 Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
58 Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
59 are covered elsewhere:
62 @item Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}.
64 @item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
65 as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos is described in
68 @item Instructions on handling multiple voices is described
69 in @ref{Collision resolution}.
76 @ref{Fingering instructions},
78 @ref{Collision resolution},
79 @ref{Instrument names},
80 @ref{Writing music in parallel},
82 @ref{List of articulations},
86 @node String number indications
87 @unnumberedsubsubsec String number indications
89 @cindex string numbers
90 @cindex string vs. fingering numbers
91 @cindex fingering vs. string numbers
93 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
94 appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
97 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
98 construct even if there is only a single note.}
100 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=0]
106 When fingerings and string indications are used together, their
107 placement is controlled by the order in which the two items appear
110 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
118 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
119 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
121 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
122 {allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly}
127 @ref{Fingering instructions}.
130 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
133 @rinternals{StringNumber},
134 @rinternals{Fingering}.
137 @node Default tablatures
138 @unnumberedsubsubsec Default tablatures
140 @cindex tablatures, basic
141 @cindex tablatures, default
146 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
147 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
148 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
149 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
151 The string number associated with a note is given as a backslash
152 followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
153 and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
154 The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
155 @code{TabVoice} contexts
157 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
164 @funindex minimumFret
169 When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
170 the highest string that can generate the note with a fret number
171 greater than or equal to the value of @code{minimumFret}.
172 The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
175 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
177 \new Staff \relative c {
182 \new TabStaff \relative c {
184 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #5
190 @cindex harmonic indications in tablature notation
191 @cindex tablature and harmonic indications
192 @cindex slides in tablature notation
193 @cindex tablature and slides
195 Harmonic indications and slides can be added to tablature
198 @lilypond[fragment, verbatim, quote, relative=1]
201 <c g'\harmonic> d\2\glissando e\2
209 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
210 {stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature.ly}
212 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
213 {polyphony-in-tablature.ly}
221 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
224 @rinternals{TabNoteHead},
225 @rinternals{TabStaff},
226 @rinternals{TabVoice},
232 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
233 string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in
236 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
237 specially-created voices:
239 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
240 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
243 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
244 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
245 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
246 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
252 Guitar special effects are limited to harmonics and slides.
254 @node Custom tablatures
255 @unnumberedsubsubsec Custom tablatures
257 @cindex tablatures, custom
258 @cindex tablature, banjo
259 @cindex tablature, mandolin
260 @cindex tablature, bass guitar
261 @cindex tablature, predefined string tunings
262 @cindex fretted instruments, predefined string tunings
263 @cindex predefined string tunings for fretted instruments
265 @funindex StringTunings
267 LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
268 a note based on the string to which the note is assigned.
269 In order to do this, the tuning of the strings must be
270 specified. The tuning of the strings is given in the
271 @code{StringTunings} property.
273 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
274 guitar and bass guitar. Lilypond automatically sets the correct
275 transposition for predefined tunings. The following example is
276 for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written.
278 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
287 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
295 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning}, which
296 is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
297 @code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
298 @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
299 are found in @code{scm/output-lib.scm}.
301 A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
302 one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
303 where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
304 string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
305 from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
306 (e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
308 A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
309 of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
310 string pitch must be an integer. Lilypond calculates the actual
311 pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
312 actual pitch for middle C.
314 LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
315 @code{TabStaff} as the number of elements in @code{stringTunings}.
317 Any desired string tuning can be created. For example, we can
318 define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
319 of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
322 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
334 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(21 14 7 0)
343 @file{scm/output-lib.scm}.
346 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
349 @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
352 @node Fret diagram markups
353 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fret diagram markups
355 @cindex fret diagrams
356 @cindex chord diagrams
357 @cindex diagrams, fret
358 @cindex diagrams, chord for fretted instruments
359 @cindex fret diagrams, custom
360 @cindex custom fret diagrams
362 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired
363 note. The markup contains information about the desired fret
364 diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
365 interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
366 produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
367 information in the markup string. Details about the markup
368 interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
370 The standard fret diagram markup string indicates the string
371 number and the fret number for each dot to be placed on the string.
372 In addition, open and unplayed (muted) strings can be indicated.
374 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
376 \context ChordNames {
383 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
384 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
385 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
386 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
391 @cindex barre indications
393 Barre indications can be added to the diagram from
394 the fret-diagram markup string.
396 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
398 \context ChordNames {
405 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
406 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
407 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
408 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-3;6-3;5-5;4-5;3-4;2-3;1-3;"
413 @cindex fret-diagram markup
415 @funindex fret-diagram
416 @funindex \fret-diagram
418 The size of the fret diagram, and the number of frets in the diagram
419 can be changed in the fret-diagram markup string.
421 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
423 \context ChordNames {
430 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
431 \fret-diagram #"s:1.5;c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
432 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
433 \fret-diagram #"h:6;6-3;5-2;4-o;3-o;2-o;1-3;"
438 The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accomodate
439 different instruments such as banjos and ukeleles with the fret-diagram
442 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
444 \context ChordNames {
450 %% A chord for ukelele
451 a'1 ^\markup \fret-diagram #"w:4;4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
456 Fingering indications can be added, and the location of fingering labels
457 can be controlled by the fret-diagram markup string.
459 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
461 \context ChordNames {
468 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
469 \fret-diagram #"f:1;6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
470 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
471 \fret-diagram #"f:2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2-2;2-3-3;1-1-1;"
476 Dot radius and dot position can be controlled with the fret-diagram
479 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
481 \context ChordNames {
488 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
489 \fret-diagram #"d:0.35;6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
490 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
491 \fret-diagram #"p:0.2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
496 @cindex fret-diagram-terse markup
498 @funindex fret-diagram-terse
499 @funindex \fret-diagram-terse
501 The fret-diagram-terse markup string omits string numbers; the string
502 number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
503 for each string in the diagram. The first semicolon corresponds to the
504 highest string number and the last semicolon corresponds to the first string.
505 Mute strings, open strings, and fret numbers can be indicated.
507 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
509 \context ChordNames {
516 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
517 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3;2;o;1;o;"
518 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
519 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;1;"
524 Barre indicators can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
526 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
528 \context ChordNames {
535 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
536 \fret-diagram-terse #"1-(;3;3;2;1;1-);"
537 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
538 \fret-diagram-terse #"3-(;5;5;4;3;3-);"
543 Fingering indications can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
545 @c Need to use override to enable fingerings to show this -- can we do so?
546 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
548 \context ChordNames {
554 \override Voice.TextScript
555 #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
557 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
558 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;"
559 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
560 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-2;3-3;1-1;"
565 Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override} when using
566 the fret-diagram-terse markup.
568 @cindex fret-diagram-verbose markup
570 @funindex fret-diagram-verbose
571 @funindex \fret-diagram-verbose
573 The fret-diagram-verbose markup string is in the format of a Scheme list. Each
574 element of the list indicates an item to be placed on the fret diagram.
576 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
577 << \context ChordNames {
584 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
585 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
593 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
594 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
606 Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
607 fret-diagram-verbose markup string. Unique to the
608 fret-diagram-verbose interface is a capo indication that
609 can be placed on the fret diagram. The capo indication is
610 a thick bar that covers all strings. The fret with the
611 capo will be the lowest fret in the fret diagram.
613 @c \override is necessary to make fingering visible
614 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
616 \context ChordNames {
623 \override Voice.TextScript
624 #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
626 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
627 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
636 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
637 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
645 < c e g c' e'> ^\markup
646 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
657 All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
658 when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
661 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
662 interfaces, along with examples of common tweaks. For example,
663 the size of the verbose fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the
664 finger indications are specified to appear below the diagram. The
665 terse diagram includes tweaks to specify placement of finger code
668 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
671 d^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
673 fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
674 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
675 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
684 c^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
685 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
686 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
687 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
696 @cindex customized fret diagram
697 @cindex fret diagram, customized
698 @cindex diagram, fret, customized
700 @funindex fret-diagram-interface
702 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
703 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
704 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
705 markup, the interface properties belong to @code{Voice.TextScript}.
709 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
710 {customizing-markup-fret-diagrams.ly}
715 @ref{Text markup commands}.
718 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
721 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
724 @node Predefined fret diagrams
725 @unnumberedsubsubsec Predefined fret diagrams
728 @cindex fret diagrams
729 @cindex chord diagrams
732 @funindex stringTunings
734 Fret diagrams can be displayed using the @code{FretBoards} context. By
735 default, the @code{FretBoards} context will display fret diagrams that
736 are stored in a lookup table:
738 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
739 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
740 \context FretBoards {
747 The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
748 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
749 stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
750 @code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
751 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
752 fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
753 diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
754 by following the examples found in
755 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
757 Chord pitches can be entered
758 either as simultaneous music or using chord mode (see
759 @ref{Chord mode overview}).
761 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right,quote]
762 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
763 \context FretBoards {
769 @cindex chord names with fret diagrams
770 @cindex fret diagrams with chord names
776 It is common that both chord names and fret diagrams are displayed together.
777 This is achieved by putting a @code{ChordNames} context in parallel with
778 a @code{FretBoards} context and giving both contexts the same music.
780 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
781 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
782 mychords = \chordmode{
787 \context ChordNames {
790 \context FretBoards {
796 @cindex transposing fret diagrams
797 @cindex fret diagrams, transposing
798 @cindex diagrams, fret, transposing
800 Predefined fret diagrams are transposable, as long as a diagram for the
801 transposed chord is stored in the fret diagram table.
803 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
804 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
805 mychords = \chordmode{
811 \transpose c e { \mychords}
814 \context ChordNames {
817 \context FretBoards {
824 The predefined fret diagram table contains seven chords (major, minor,
825 augmented, diminished, dominant seventh, major seventh, minor seventh)
826 for each of 17 keys. A complete list of the predefined fret diagrams is
827 shown in @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}. If there is no entry in
828 the table for a chord, the FretBoards engraver will calculate a
829 fret-diagram using the automatic fret diagram functionality described in
830 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams}.
832 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
833 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
834 mychords = \chordmode{
839 \context ChordNames {
842 \context FretBoards {
848 @cindex fret diagrams, adding custom
849 @cindex custom fret diagrams, adding
850 @cindex adding custom fret diagrams
852 Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
853 you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and
854 a definition for the diagram. The diagram definition can be either a
855 fret-diagram-terse definition string or a fret-diagram-verbose
858 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
859 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
861 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
863 #"x;3-2;2-1;3-3;3-4;x;"
865 mychords = \chordmode{
870 \context ChordNames {
873 \context FretBoards {
879 Different fret diagrams for the same chord name can be stored using different
882 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
883 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
885 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c'}
887 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes guitar-tuning))
889 mychords = \chordmode{
894 \context ChordNames {
897 \context FretBoards {
903 @cindex fretted instruments, chord shapes
904 @cindex chord shapes for fretted instruments
906 @funindex \addChordShape
907 @funindex add ChordShape
908 @funindex storePredefinedDiagram
909 @funindex \storePredefinedDiagram
911 In addition to fret diagrams, LilyPond stores an internal list of chord
912 shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
913 the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
914 shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
915 predefined fret diagrams. Like fret diagrams, chord shapes can be
916 entered as either fret-diagram-terse strings or fret-diagram-verbose
919 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
920 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
922 % add a new chord shape
924 \addChordShape #'powerf #guitar-tuning #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
926 % add some new chords based on the power chord shape
928 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f'}
930 #(chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning)
931 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g'}
933 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning))
935 mychords = \chordmode{
940 \context ChordNames {
943 \context FretBoards {
949 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
950 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
951 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
952 predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
953 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
957 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
958 {customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams.ly}
960 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
961 {defining-predefined-fretboards-for-other-instruments.ly}
966 @ref{Custom tablatures},
967 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams},
968 @ref{Chord mode overview},
969 @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}.
972 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly},
973 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-ninth-fretboards.ly}.
976 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
979 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
982 @node Automatic fret diagrams
983 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic fret diagrams
985 @cindex fret diagrams, automatic
986 @cindex chord diagrams, automatic
987 @cindex automatic fret diagrams
988 @cindex automatic chord diagrams
990 Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
991 @code{FretBoards} context. If no predefined diagram is available for
992 the entered notes in the active @code{stringTunings}, this context
993 calculates strings and frets that can be used to play the notes.
995 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
997 \context ChordNames {
1002 \context FretBoards {
1014 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOff
1015 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOff
1016 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOn
1017 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOn
1019 As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
1020 of fret diagrams is the default behavior. Once default diagrams are
1021 loaded, automatic calculation can be enabled and disabled with predefined
1024 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
1026 \storePredefinedDiagram <c e g c' e'>
1028 #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
1030 \context ChordNames {
1035 \context FretBoards {
1037 \predefinedFretboardsOff
1039 \predefinedFretboardsOn
1053 Sometimes the fretboard calculator will be unable to find
1054 an accceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
1055 manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
1056 note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
1057 the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
1060 @cindex fret diagrams, adding fingerings
1061 @cindex fingerings, adding to fret diagrams
1063 Fingerings can be added to FretBoard fret diagrams.
1065 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1067 \context ChordNames {
1072 \context FretBoards {
1073 < c-3 e-2 g c'-1 e' > 1
1084 The minimum fret to be used in calculating strings and frets for
1085 the FretBoard context can be set with the @code{minimumFret}
1088 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1090 \context ChordNames {
1095 \context FretBoards {
1097 \set FretBoards.minimumFret = #5
1108 The strings and frets for the @code{FretBoards} context depend
1109 on the @code{stringTunings} property, which has the same meaning
1110 as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
1111 information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
1113 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
1114 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
1115 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
1116 @code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
1117 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
1121 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOff},
1122 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOn}.
1128 @ref{Custom tablatures}.
1131 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1133 Internals Reference:
1134 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
1137 @node Right-hand fingerings
1138 @unnumberedsubsubsec Right-hand fingerings
1140 @cindex fretted instruments, right hand fingerings
1141 @cindex fingerings, right hand for fretted instruments
1142 @cindex right hand fingerings for fretted instruments
1144 @funindex rightHandFinger
1145 @funindex \rightHandFinger
1147 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
1148 chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
1149 even when applied to a single note.
1151 @warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
1152 before the closing @code{>}.}
1154 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
1156 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
1157 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
1158 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
1159 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
1160 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2
1161 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
1164 For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
1165 short, for example @code{RH},
1168 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
1174 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1175 {placement-of-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1177 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1178 {fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1183 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1185 Internals Reference:
1186 @rinternals{StrokeFinger}.
1192 Most of the notational issues associated with guitar music are
1193 covered sufficiently in the general fretted strings section, but there
1194 are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
1195 create songbook-type documents having only lyrics with chord
1196 indications above them. Since Lilypond is a music typesetter,
1197 it is not recommended for documents that have no music notation
1198 in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
1199 or, for experienced users, a typesetter like GuitarTeX.
1202 * Indicating position and barring::
1203 * Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
1206 @node Indicating position and barring
1207 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating position and barring
1209 @cindex indicating position and barring for fretted instruments
1210 @cindex fretted instruments, indicating position and barring
1212 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
1213 barring indications.
1215 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
1219 \override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = #"XII "
1221 b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
1228 @ref{Text spanners}.
1231 @rlsr{Fretted strings},
1232 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1235 @node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1236 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1238 @cindex fretted instruments, dampened notes
1239 @cindex fretted instruments, harmonics
1240 @cindex dampened notes on fretted instruments
1241 @cindex harmonics on fretted instruments
1243 Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
1244 harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
1247 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1250 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
1252 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
1253 d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
1260 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1263 @ref{Special note heads},
1264 @ref{Note head styles}.
1271 * Banjo tablatures::
1274 @node Banjo tablatures
1275 @unnumberedsubsubsec Banjo tablatures
1277 @cindex banjo tablatures
1278 @cindex tablature, banjo
1280 LilyPond has basic support for the five-string banjo. When making tablatures
1281 for five-string banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
1282 correct fret numbers for the fifth string:
1284 @c due to crazy intervals of banjo music, absolute pitch is recommended
1286 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1288 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
1289 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
1292 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
1293 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
1299 @cindex banjo tunings
1300 @cindex tunings, banjo
1302 @funindex banjo-c-tuning
1303 @funindex banjo-modal-tuning
1304 @funindex banjo-open-d-tuning
1305 @funindex banjo-open-dm-tuning
1306 @funindex four-string-banjo
1308 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
1309 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
1310 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
1313 These tunings may be converted to four-string banjo tunings using the
1314 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
1317 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
1323 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1325 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.