1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
15 @cindex guitar tablature
18 * Common notation for fretted strings::
23 @node Common notation for fretted strings
24 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
27 * References for fretted strings::
28 * String number indications::
29 * Default tablatures::
32 * Right hand fingerings::
35 @node References for fretted strings
36 @subsubsection References for fretted strings
41 @node String number indications
42 @subsubsection String number indications
44 @cindex String numbers
46 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
47 appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
50 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
51 construct even if there is only a single note.}
53 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
58 Although @ref{Fingering instructions} are covered in detail elsewhere,
59 it is worth noting here how fingerings and string indications behave
60 together, since guitar music often incorporates both at once. The
61 usual convention is to place the fingering closest to the note, then
62 the string indication outside the fingering. This is controlled by
63 the order in which the two items appear:
65 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
72 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
73 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
77 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StringNumber}, @rinternals{Fingering}
80 @node Default tablatures
81 @subsubsection Default tablatures
82 @cindex Tablatures, basic
83 @cindex Tablatures, default
85 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
86 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
87 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
88 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
90 The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
91 followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
92 string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
93 defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
94 are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
95 @code{TabVoice} contexts
97 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
104 @funindex minimumFret
108 When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to the lowest string
109 that can generate the note with a fret number greater than or equal to
110 @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
113 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
115 \new Staff \relative c' {
119 \new TabStaff \relative c {
121 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #5
129 To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
130 initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
134 \override Beam #'damping = #100000
139 Internals Reference: @rinternals{TabNoteHead}, @rinternals{TabStaff}, @rinternals{TabVoice}.
143 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
144 string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in a
147 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
148 specially-created voices:
150 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
151 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
154 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
155 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
156 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
157 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
164 @node Custom tablatures
165 @subsubsection Custom tablatures
166 @cindex Tablatures, custom
168 You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
169 a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
170 being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
171 open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
172 numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
173 by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
174 the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
177 @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
179 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
181 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
183 a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
188 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
192 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
195 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
197 Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
198 @code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
202 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
204 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
208 No guitar special effects have been implemented.
213 @subsubsection Fret diagrams
214 @cindex fret diagrams
215 @cindex chord diagrams
217 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note.
218 The markup contains information about the desired fret diagram.
219 There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
220 and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
221 varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
222 markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
224 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup interfaces,
225 along with examples of common tweaks. For example, the size of the verbose
226 fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the finger indications are specified
227 to appear below the diagram. The terse diagram includes tweaks to
228 specify placement of finger code and color of dots.
230 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
232 d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
234 fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
235 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
236 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
245 c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
246 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
247 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
248 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
256 You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
257 Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
258 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
265 @node Right hand fingerings
266 @subsubsection Right hand fingerings
268 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} can be entered using
269 @code{<@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger} >}.
270 The right-hand fingering indication must occur within a @code{<>} chord
271 construct for it to be printed in the score, even if it is a single note.
272 There must be a hyphen after the note and a space before the closing @code{>}.
275 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
277 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
278 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
279 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
280 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
281 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
285 For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
286 short, for example @code{RH},
289 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
292 @cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
293 @cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
297 You may exercise greater control over the placement of right-hand
298 fingerings by setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
300 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
301 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
303 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
304 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
305 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
306 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
310 The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
311 @code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
312 @code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
315 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
316 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
318 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
319 \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
327 This example combines left-hand fingering, string indication, and
330 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
331 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
342 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StrokeFinger}
348 @c TODO Make a snippet based on
349 @c http://www.nabble.com/Creating-a-nice-formatted-Chords-%2B-Lyrics-layout-for-guitar-players-to13829430.html
350 @c and include it somewhere -td
353 * Guitar tablatures::
354 * Indicating position and barring::
357 @node Guitar tablatures
358 @subsubsection Guitar tablatures
363 @node Indicating position and barring
364 @subsubsection Indicating position and barring
366 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
369 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
373 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
375 b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
380 Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
381 guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
382 touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
383 percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
384 pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
385 demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
391 @menu Banjo tablatures
395 @node Banjo tablatures
396 @subsubsection Banjo tablatures
397 @cindex Banjo tablatures
399 LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
400 for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
402 fret numbers for the fifth string:
404 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
406 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
407 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
410 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
411 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
417 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
418 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
419 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
422 These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
423 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
426 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
431 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.