1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
15 @cindex guitar tablature
18 * Common notation for fretted strings::
23 @node Common notation for fretted strings
24 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
27 * References for fretted strings::
28 * String number indications::
29 * Default tablatures::
32 * Right hand fingerings::
35 @node References for fretted strings
36 @subsubsection References for fretted strings
41 @node String number indications
42 @subsubsection String number indications
44 @cindex String numbers
46 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
47 appending @code{\}@tie{}@var{number} to a note inside a chord.
49 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord,
50 even if there is only a single note in the chord.}
52 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
59 In notation for fretted stringed instruments, the string on which
60 a note should be played is indicated by a circled number, and this
61 is added with @code{\}@var{number} inside a chord construct. The
62 string indication must occur within a @code{<>} chord construct for it to
63 be printed in the score, even if it is a single note. If the
64 @code{\}@var{number} is placed outside the @code{<>}, it will not generate
65 errors but also will not print the string indication.
67 @warning{rhythmic durations must be specified outside of the
69 example, @code{<c\5>4} will produce a quarter-note C on the fifth
73 Although fingering is covered in detail elsewhere, it is worth noting
74 here how fingerings and string indications behave together, since
75 guitar music often incorporates both at once. The usual convention
76 is to place the fingering closest to the note, then the string
77 indication outside the fingering. This is controlled by the order in
78 which the two items appear:
80 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
87 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
88 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
92 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StringNumber},
93 @c @lsr{guitar/,string-number.ly}.
96 @node Default tablatures
97 @subsubsection Default tablatures
98 @cindex Tablatures, basic
99 @cindex Tablatures, default
101 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
102 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
103 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
104 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
106 The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
107 followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
108 string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
109 defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
110 are printed as tablature, by using @rinternals{TabStaff} and
111 @rinternals{TabVoice} contexts
113 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
120 @funindex minimumFret
123 When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
124 fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
125 value for @code{minimumFret} is 0
130 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
133 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
137 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
141 \new Staff { \clef "G_8" \frag }
142 \new TabStaff { \frag }
149 To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
150 initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
154 \override Beam #'damping = #100000
159 Internals Reference: @rinternals{TabNoteHead}, @rinternals{TabStaff}, @rinternals{TabVoice}.
163 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
164 string selector may easily select the same string to two notes in a
167 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
168 specially-created voices:
170 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
171 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
174 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
175 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
176 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
177 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
184 @node Custom tablatures
185 @subsubsection Custom tablatures
186 @cindex Tablatures, custom
188 You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
189 a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
190 being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
191 open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
192 numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
193 by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
194 the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
197 @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
199 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
201 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
203 a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
208 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
212 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
215 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
217 Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
218 @code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
222 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
224 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
228 No guitar special effects have been implemented.
233 @subsubsection Fret diagrams
234 @cindex fret diagrams
235 @cindex chord diagrams
237 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note.
238 The markup contains information about the desired fret diagram.
239 There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
240 and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
241 varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
242 markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
244 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup interfaces,
245 along with examples of common tweaks. For example, the size of the verbose
246 fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the finger indications are specified
247 to appear below the diagram. The terse diagram includes tweaks to
248 specify placement of finger code and color of dots.
250 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
252 d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
254 fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
255 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
256 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
265 c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
266 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
267 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
268 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
276 You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
277 Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
278 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
285 @node Right hand fingerings
286 @subsubsection Right hand fingerings
288 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} can be entered using
289 @code{<@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger} >}.
290 The right-hand fingering indication must occur within a @code{<>} chord
291 construct for it to be printed in the score, even if it is a single note.
292 There must be a hyphen after the note and the space
293 before the closing @code{>}.
296 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
298 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
299 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
300 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
301 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
302 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
306 for brevity, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
307 short, for example @code{RH},
310 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
313 @cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
314 @cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
318 You may exercise greater control over the placement of right-hand
319 fingerings by setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
321 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
322 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
324 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
325 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
326 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
327 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
331 The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
332 @code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
333 @code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
336 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
337 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
339 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
340 \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
348 This example combines left-hand fingering, string indication, and
351 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
352 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
363 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StrokeFinger}
369 @c TODO Make a snippet based on
370 @c http://www.nabble.com/Creating-a-nice-formatted-Chords-%2B-Lyrics-layout-for-guitar-players-to13829430.html
371 @c and include it somewhere -td
374 * Guitar tablatures::
375 * Indicating position and barring::
378 @node Guitar tablatures
379 @subsubsection Guitar tablatures
384 @node Indicating position and barring
385 @subsubsection Indicating position and barring
387 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
390 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
394 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
396 b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
401 Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
402 guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
403 touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
404 percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
405 pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
406 demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
412 @menu Banjo tablatures
416 @node Banjo tablatures
417 @subsubsection Banjo tablatures
418 @cindex Banjo tablatures
420 LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
421 for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
423 fret numbers for the fifth string:
425 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
427 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
428 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
431 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
432 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
438 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
439 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
440 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
443 These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
444 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
447 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
452 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.