1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{fretted-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
17 to fretted string instruments.
20 @cindex tablature, guitar
21 @cindex tablature, banjo
22 @cindex guitar tablature
23 @cindex banjo tablature
26 * Common notation for fretted strings::
31 @node Common notation for fretted strings
32 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
34 This section discusses common notation that is unique
35 to fretted string instruments.
38 * References for fretted strings::
39 * String number indications::
40 * Default tablatures::
42 * Fret diagram markups::
43 * Predefined fret diagrams::
44 * Automatic fret diagrams::
45 * Right-hand fingerings::
48 @node References for fretted strings
49 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for fretted strings
51 Music for fretted string instruments is normally notated on
52 a single staff, either in traditional music notation or in
53 tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
54 especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
55 a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
56 transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
57 Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
58 Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
59 are covered elsewhere:
62 @item Fingerings are indicated as shown in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
64 @item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
65 as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos can be found in
68 @item Instructions for handling multiple voices can be found
69 in @ref{Collision resolution}.
71 @item Instructions for indicating harmonics can be found in
79 @ref{Fingering instructions},
81 @ref{Collision resolution},
82 @ref{Instrument names},
83 @ref{Writing music in parallel},
85 @ref{List of articulations},
89 @node String number indications
90 @unnumberedsubsubsec String number indications
92 @cindex string numbers
93 @cindex string vs. fingering numbers
94 @cindex fingering vs. string numbers
96 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
97 appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
100 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
101 construct even if there is only a single note.}
103 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=0]
109 When fingerings and string indications are used together, their
110 placement is controlled by the order in which the two items appear
113 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
121 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
122 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
124 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
125 {allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly}
130 @ref{Fingering instructions}.
133 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
136 @rinternals{StringNumber},
137 @rinternals{Fingering}.
140 @node Default tablatures
141 @unnumberedsubsubsec Default tablatures
143 @cindex tablatures, basic
144 @cindex tablatures, default
149 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
150 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
151 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
152 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
154 The string number associated with a note is given as a backslash
155 followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
156 and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
157 The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
158 @code{TabVoice} contexts
160 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
167 @funindex minimumFret
172 When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
173 the highest string that can generate the note with a fret number
174 greater than or equal to the value of @code{minimumFret}.
175 The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
178 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
180 \new Staff \relative c {
185 \new TabStaff \relative c {
187 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #5
193 @cindex harmonic indications in tablature notation
194 @cindex tablature and harmonic indications
195 @cindex slides in tablature notation
196 @cindex tablature and slides
198 Harmonic indications and slides can be added to tablature
201 @lilypond[fragment, verbatim, quote, relative=1]
204 <c g'\harmonic> d\2\glissando e\2
212 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
213 {stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature.ly}
215 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
216 {polyphony-in-tablature.ly}
224 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
227 @rinternals{TabNoteHead},
228 @rinternals{TabStaff},
229 @rinternals{TabVoice},
235 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
236 string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in
239 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
240 specially-created voices:
242 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
243 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
246 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
247 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
248 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
249 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
255 Guitar special effects are limited to harmonics and slides.
257 @node Custom tablatures
258 @unnumberedsubsubsec Custom tablatures
260 @cindex tablatures, custom
261 @cindex tablature, banjo
262 @cindex tablature, mandolin
263 @cindex tablature, bass guitar
264 @cindex tablature, predefined string tunings
265 @cindex fretted instruments, predefined string tunings
266 @cindex predefined string tunings for fretted instruments
268 @funindex StringTunings
270 LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
271 a note based on the string to which the note is assigned.
272 In order to do this, the tuning of the strings must be
273 specified. The tuning of the strings is given in the
274 @code{StringTunings} property.
276 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
277 guitar and bass guitar. Lilypond automatically sets the correct
278 transposition for predefined tunings. The following example is
279 for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written.
281 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
290 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
298 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning}, which
299 is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
300 @code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
301 @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
302 are found in @code{scm/output-lib.scm}.
304 A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
305 one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
306 where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
307 string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
308 from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
309 (e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
311 A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
312 of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
313 string pitch must be an integer. Lilypond calculates the actual
314 pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
315 actual pitch for middle C.
317 LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
318 @code{TabStaff} as the number of elements in @code{stringTunings}.
320 Any desired string tuning can be created. For example, we can
321 define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
322 of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
325 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
337 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(21 14 7 0)
346 @file{scm/output-lib.scm}.
349 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
352 @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
355 @node Fret diagram markups
356 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fret diagram markups
358 @cindex fret diagrams
359 @cindex chord diagrams
360 @cindex diagrams, fret
361 @cindex diagrams, chord for fretted instruments
362 @cindex fret diagrams, custom
363 @cindex custom fret diagrams
365 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired
366 note. The markup contains information about the desired fret
367 diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
368 interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
369 produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
370 information in the markup string. Details about the markup
371 interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
373 The standard fret diagram markup string indicates the string
374 number and the fret number for each dot to be placed on the string.
375 In addition, open and unplayed (muted) strings can be indicated.
377 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
379 \context ChordNames {
386 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
387 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
388 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
389 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
394 @cindex barre indications
396 Barre indications can be added to the diagram from
397 the fret-diagram markup string.
399 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
401 \context ChordNames {
408 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
409 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
410 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
411 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-3;6-3;5-5;4-5;3-4;2-3;1-3;"
416 @cindex fret-diagram markup
418 @funindex fret-diagram
419 @funindex \fret-diagram
421 The size of the fret diagram, and the number of frets in the diagram
422 can be changed in the fret-diagram markup string.
424 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
426 \context ChordNames {
433 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
434 \fret-diagram #"s:1.5;c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
435 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
436 \fret-diagram #"h:6;6-3;5-2;4-o;3-o;2-o;1-3;"
441 The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accomodate
442 different instruments such as banjos and ukeleles with the fret-diagram
445 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
447 \context ChordNames {
453 %% A chord for ukelele
454 a'1 ^\markup \fret-diagram #"w:4;4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
459 Fingering indications can be added, and the location of fingering labels
460 can be controlled by the fret-diagram markup string.
462 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
464 \context ChordNames {
471 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
472 \fret-diagram #"f:1;6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
473 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
474 \fret-diagram #"f:2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2-2;2-3-3;1-1-1;"
479 Dot radius and dot position can be controlled with the fret-diagram
482 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
484 \context ChordNames {
491 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
492 \fret-diagram #"d:0.35;6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
493 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
494 \fret-diagram #"p:0.2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
499 @cindex fret-diagram-terse markup
501 @funindex fret-diagram-terse
502 @funindex \fret-diagram-terse
504 The fret-diagram-terse markup string omits string numbers; the string
505 number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
506 for each string in the diagram. The first semicolon corresponds to the
507 highest string number and the last semicolon corresponds to the first string.
508 Mute strings, open strings, and fret numbers can be indicated.
510 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
512 \context ChordNames {
519 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
520 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3;2;o;1;o;"
521 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
522 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;1;"
527 Barre indicators can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
529 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
531 \context ChordNames {
538 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
539 \fret-diagram-terse #"1-(;3;3;2;1;1-);"
540 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
541 \fret-diagram-terse #"3-(;5;5;4;3;3-);"
546 Fingering indications can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
548 @c Need to use override to enable fingerings to show this -- can we do so?
549 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
551 \context ChordNames {
557 \override Voice.TextScript
558 #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
560 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
561 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;"
562 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
563 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-2;3-3;1-1;"
568 Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override} when using
569 the fret-diagram-terse markup.
571 @cindex fret-diagram-verbose markup
573 @funindex fret-diagram-verbose
574 @funindex \fret-diagram-verbose
576 The fret-diagram-verbose markup string is in the format of a Scheme list. Each
577 element of the list indicates an item to be placed on the fret diagram.
579 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
580 << \context ChordNames {
587 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
588 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
596 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
597 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
609 Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
610 fret-diagram-verbose markup string. Unique to the
611 fret-diagram-verbose interface is a capo indication that
612 can be placed on the fret diagram. The capo indication is
613 a thick bar that covers all strings. The fret with the
614 capo will be the lowest fret in the fret diagram.
616 @c \override is necessary to make fingering visible
617 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
619 \context ChordNames {
626 \override Voice.TextScript
627 #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
629 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
630 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
639 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
640 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
648 < c e g c' e'> ^\markup
649 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
660 All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
661 when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
664 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
665 interfaces, along with examples of common tweaks. For example,
666 the size of the verbose fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the
667 finger indications are specified to appear below the diagram. The
668 terse diagram includes tweaks to specify placement of finger code
671 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
674 d^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
676 fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
677 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
678 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
687 c^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
688 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
689 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
690 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
699 @cindex customized fret diagram
700 @cindex fret diagram, customized
701 @cindex diagram, fret, customized
703 @funindex fret-diagram-interface
705 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
706 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
707 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
708 markup, the interface properties belong to @code{Voice.TextScript}.
712 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
713 {customizing-markup-fret-diagrams.ly}
718 @ref{Text markup commands}.
721 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
724 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
727 @node Predefined fret diagrams
728 @unnumberedsubsubsec Predefined fret diagrams
731 @cindex fret diagrams
732 @cindex chord diagrams
735 @funindex stringTunings
737 Fret diagrams can be displayed using the @code{FretBoards} context. By
738 default, the @code{FretBoards} context will display fret diagrams that
739 are stored in a lookup table:
741 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
742 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
743 \context FretBoards {
750 The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
751 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
752 stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
753 @code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
754 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
755 fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
756 diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
757 by following the examples found in
758 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
760 Chord pitches can be entered
761 either as simultaneous music or using chord mode (see
762 @ref{Chord mode overview}).
764 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right,quote]
765 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
766 \context FretBoards {
772 @cindex chord names with fret diagrams
773 @cindex fret diagrams with chord names
779 It is common that both chord names and fret diagrams are displayed together.
780 This is achieved by putting a @code{ChordNames} context in parallel with
781 a @code{FretBoards} context and giving both contexts the same music.
783 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
784 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
785 mychords = \chordmode{
790 \context ChordNames {
793 \context FretBoards {
799 @cindex transposing fret diagrams
800 @cindex fret diagrams, transposing
801 @cindex diagrams, fret, transposing
803 Predefined fret diagrams are transposable, as long as a diagram for the
804 transposed chord is stored in the fret diagram table.
806 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
807 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
808 mychords = \chordmode{
814 \transpose c e { \mychords}
817 \context ChordNames {
820 \context FretBoards {
827 The predefined fret diagram table contains seven chords (major, minor,
828 augmented, diminished, dominant seventh, major seventh, minor seventh)
829 for each of 17 keys. A complete list of the predefined fret diagrams is
830 shown in @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}. If there is no entry in
831 the table for a chord, the FretBoards engraver will calculate a
832 fret-diagram using the automatic fret diagram functionality described in
833 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams}.
835 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
836 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
837 mychords = \chordmode{
842 \context ChordNames {
845 \context FretBoards {
851 @cindex fret diagrams, adding custom
852 @cindex custom fret diagrams, adding
853 @cindex adding custom fret diagrams
855 Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
856 you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and
857 a definition for the diagram. The diagram definition can be either a
858 fret-diagram-terse definition string or a fret-diagram-verbose
861 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
862 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
864 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
866 #"x;3-2;2-1;3-3;3-4;x;"
868 mychords = \chordmode{
873 \context ChordNames {
876 \context FretBoards {
882 Different fret diagrams for the same chord name can be stored using different
883 octaves of pitches. The different octave should be at least two octaves
884 above or below the default octave, because the octaves above and below the
885 default octave are used for transposing fretboards.
887 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
888 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
890 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c''}
892 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes guitar-tuning))
894 mychords = \chordmode{
899 \context ChordNames {
902 \context FretBoards {
908 @cindex fretted instruments, chord shapes
909 @cindex chord shapes for fretted instruments
911 @funindex \addChordShape
912 @funindex add ChordShape
913 @funindex storePredefinedDiagram
914 @funindex \storePredefinedDiagram
916 In addition to fret diagrams, LilyPond stores an internal list of chord
917 shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
918 the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
919 shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
920 predefined fret diagrams. Because they can be moved to various
921 positions on the neck, chord shapes will normally not contain
922 any open strings. Like fret diagrams, chord shapes can be
923 entered as either fret-diagram-terse strings or fret-diagram-verbose
926 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
927 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
929 % add a new chord shape
931 \addChordShape #'powerf #guitar-tuning #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
933 % add some new chords based on the power chord shape
935 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f''}
937 #(chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning)
938 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g''}
940 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning))
942 mychords = \chordmode{
947 \context ChordNames {
950 \context FretBoards {
956 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
957 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
958 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
959 predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
960 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
964 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
965 {customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams.ly}
967 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
968 {defining-predefined-fretboards-for-other-instruments.ly}
973 @ref{Custom tablatures},
974 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams},
975 @ref{Chord mode overview},
976 @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}.
979 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly},
980 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-ninth-fretboards.ly}.
983 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
986 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
989 @node Automatic fret diagrams
990 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic fret diagrams
992 @cindex fret diagrams, automatic
993 @cindex chord diagrams, automatic
994 @cindex automatic fret diagrams
995 @cindex automatic chord diagrams
997 Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
998 @code{FretBoards} context. If no predefined diagram is available for
999 the entered notes in the active @code{stringTunings}, this context
1000 calculates strings and frets that can be used to play the notes.
1002 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
1004 \context ChordNames {
1009 \context FretBoards {
1021 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOff
1022 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOff
1023 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOn
1024 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOn
1026 As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
1027 of fret diagrams is the default behavior. Once default diagrams are
1028 loaded, automatic calculation can be enabled and disabled with predefined
1031 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
1033 \storePredefinedDiagram <c e g c' e'>
1035 #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
1037 \context ChordNames {
1042 \context FretBoards {
1044 \predefinedFretboardsOff
1046 \predefinedFretboardsOn
1060 Sometimes the fretboard calculator will be unable to find
1061 an accceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
1062 manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
1063 note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
1064 the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
1067 @cindex fret diagrams, adding fingerings
1068 @cindex fingerings, adding to fret diagrams
1070 Fingerings can be added to FretBoard fret diagrams.
1072 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1074 \context ChordNames {
1079 \context FretBoards {
1080 < c-3 e-2 g c'-1 e' > 1
1091 The minimum fret to be used in calculating strings and frets for
1092 the FretBoard context can be set with the @code{minimumFret}
1095 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1097 \context ChordNames {
1102 \context FretBoards {
1104 \set FretBoards.minimumFret = #5
1115 The strings and frets for the @code{FretBoards} context depend
1116 on the @code{stringTunings} property, which has the same meaning
1117 as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
1118 information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
1120 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
1121 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
1122 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
1123 @code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
1124 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
1128 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOff},
1129 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOn}.
1135 @ref{Custom tablatures}.
1138 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1140 Internals Reference:
1141 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
1144 @node Right-hand fingerings
1145 @unnumberedsubsubsec Right-hand fingerings
1147 @cindex fretted instruments, right hand fingerings
1148 @cindex fingerings, right hand for fretted instruments
1149 @cindex right hand fingerings for fretted instruments
1151 @funindex rightHandFinger
1152 @funindex \rightHandFinger
1154 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
1155 chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
1156 even when applied to a single note.
1158 @warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
1159 before the closing @code{>}.}
1161 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
1163 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
1164 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
1165 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
1166 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
1167 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2
1168 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
1171 For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
1172 short, for example @code{RH},
1175 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
1181 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1182 {placement-of-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1184 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1185 {fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1190 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1192 Internals Reference:
1193 @rinternals{StrokeFinger}.
1199 Most of the notational issues associated with guitar music are
1200 covered sufficiently in the general fretted strings section, but there
1201 are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
1202 create songbook-type documents having only lyrics with chord
1203 indications above them. Since Lilypond is a music typesetter,
1204 it is not recommended for documents that have no music notation
1205 in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
1206 or, for experienced users, a typesetter like GuitarTeX.
1209 * Indicating position and barring::
1210 * Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
1213 @node Indicating position and barring
1214 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating position and barring
1216 @cindex indicating position and barring for fretted instruments
1217 @cindex fretted instruments, indicating position and barring
1219 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
1220 barring indications.
1222 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
1226 \override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = #"XII "
1228 b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
1235 @ref{Text spanners}.
1238 @rlsr{Fretted strings},
1239 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1242 @node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1243 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1245 @cindex fretted instruments, dampened notes
1246 @cindex fretted instruments, harmonics
1247 @cindex dampened notes on fretted instruments
1248 @cindex harmonics on fretted instruments
1250 Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
1251 harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
1254 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1257 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
1259 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
1260 d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
1267 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1270 @ref{Special note heads},
1271 @ref{Note head styles}.
1278 * Banjo tablatures::
1281 @node Banjo tablatures
1282 @unnumberedsubsubsec Banjo tablatures
1284 @cindex banjo tablatures
1285 @cindex tablature, banjo
1287 LilyPond has basic support for the five-string banjo. When making tablatures
1288 for five-string banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
1289 correct fret numbers for the fifth string:
1291 @c due to crazy intervals of banjo music, absolute pitch is recommended
1293 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1295 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
1296 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
1299 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
1300 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
1306 @cindex banjo tunings
1307 @cindex tunings, banjo
1309 @funindex banjo-c-tuning
1310 @funindex banjo-modal-tuning
1311 @funindex banjo-open-d-tuning
1312 @funindex banjo-open-dm-tuning
1313 @funindex four-string-banjo
1315 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
1316 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
1317 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
1320 These tunings may be converted to four-string banjo tunings using the
1321 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
1324 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
1330 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1332 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.