1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
17 @cindex guitar tablature
24 @subsection Guitar sections
27 * String number indications::
29 * Non-guitar tablatures::
32 * Right hand fingerings::
33 * Other guitar issues::
36 @node String number indications
37 @subsubsection String number indications
39 @cindex String numbers
41 String numbers can be added to chords, by indicating the string number
42 with @code{\}@var{number},
44 @lilypond[relative,relative=1,ragged-right,fragment]
51 Internals Reference: @internalsref{StringNumber},
52 @c @lsr{guitar/,string-number.ly}.
55 @node Tablatures basic
56 @subsubsection Tablatures basic
57 @cindex Tablatures basic
59 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
60 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
61 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played. LilyPond
62 offers limited support for tablature.
64 The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
65 followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
66 string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
67 defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
68 are printed as tablature, by using @internalsref{TabStaff} and
69 @internalsref{TabVoice} contexts
71 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
81 When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
82 fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
83 value for @code{minimumFret} is 0
88 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
91 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
95 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
99 \new Staff { \clef "G_8" \frag }
100 \new TabStaff { \frag }
107 To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
108 initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
112 \override Beam #'damping = #100000
117 Internals Reference: @internalsref{TabNoteHead}, @internalsref{TabStaff}, @internalsref{TabVoice}.
121 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
122 string selector may easily select the same string to two notes in a
125 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
126 specially-created voices:
128 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
129 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
132 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
133 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
134 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
135 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
142 @node Non-guitar tablatures
143 @subsubsection Non-guitar tablatures
144 @cindex Non-guitar tablatures
146 You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
147 a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
148 being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
149 open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
150 numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
151 by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
152 the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
155 @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
157 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
159 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
161 a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
166 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
170 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
173 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
175 Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
176 @code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
180 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
182 Internals Reference: @internalsref{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
186 No guitar special effects have been implemented.
190 @node Banjo tablatures
191 @subsubsection Banjo tablatures
192 @cindex Banjo tablatures
194 LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
195 for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
197 fret numbers for the fifth string:
199 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
201 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
202 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
205 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
206 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
212 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
213 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
214 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
217 These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
218 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
221 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
226 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.
230 @subsubsection Fret diagrams
231 @cindex fret diagrams
232 @cindex chord diagrams
234 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note. The
235 markup contains information about the desired fret diagram, as shown in the
238 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
240 d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
242 fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
243 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
244 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
245 (place-fret 5 4 3) (place-fret 4 4 4)
246 (place-fret 3 3 2) (place-fret 2 2 1)
251 c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
252 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
253 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
254 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
263 There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
264 and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
265 varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
266 markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
268 You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
269 Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
270 @internalsref{fret-diagram-interface}.
275 Examples: @c @lsrdir{guitar}
278 @node Right hand fingerings
279 @subsubsection Right hand fingerings
281 Right hand fingerings in chords can be entered using
282 @code{@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger}}
284 @lilypond[verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
285 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
288 for brevity, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
289 short, for example @code{RH},
292 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
295 @cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
296 @cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
300 You may exercise greater control over right handing fingerings by
301 setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
303 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
304 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
306 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
307 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
308 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
309 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
313 The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
314 @code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
315 @code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
318 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
319 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
321 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
322 \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
330 Internals Reference: @internalsref{StrokeFinger}
334 @node Other guitar issues
335 @subsubsection Other guitar issues
337 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
340 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
344 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
346 b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
351 Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
352 guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
353 touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
354 percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
355 pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
356 demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.