1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
15 @cindex guitar tablature
18 * Common notation for fretted strings::
23 @node Common notation for fretted strings
24 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
27 * References for fretted strings::
28 * String number indications::
29 * Default tablatures::
32 * Right hand fingerings::
35 @node References for fretted strings
36 @subsubsection References for fretted strings
41 @node String number indications
42 @subsubsection String number indications
44 @cindex String numbers
46 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
47 appending @code{\}@tie{}@var{number} to a note inside a chord
48 construct (@code{<>}).
50 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
51 construct even if there is only a single note.}
53 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
58 Although fingering is covered in detail elsewhere, it is worth noting
59 here how fingerings and string indications behave together, since
60 guitar music often incorporates both at once. The usual convention
61 is to place the fingering closest to the note, then the string
62 indication outside the fingering. This is controlled by the order in
63 which the two items appear:
65 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
73 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
74 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
79 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StringNumber},
80 @c @lsr{guitar/,string-number.ly}.
83 @node Default tablatures
84 @subsubsection Default tablatures
85 @cindex Tablatures, basic
86 @cindex Tablatures, default
88 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
89 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
90 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
91 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
93 The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
94 followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
95 string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
96 defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
97 are printed as tablature, by using @rinternals{TabStaff} and
98 @rinternals{TabVoice} contexts
100 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
107 @funindex minimumFret
110 When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
111 fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
112 value for @code{minimumFret} is 0
117 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
121 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
125 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
129 \new Staff { \clef "G_8" \frag }
130 \new TabStaff { \frag }
137 To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
138 initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
142 \override Beam #'damping = #100000
147 Internals Reference: @rinternals{TabNoteHead}, @rinternals{TabStaff}, @rinternals{TabVoice}.
151 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
152 string selector may easily select the same string to two notes in a
155 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
156 specially-created voices:
158 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
159 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
162 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
163 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
164 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
165 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
172 @node Custom tablatures
173 @subsubsection Custom tablatures
174 @cindex Tablatures, custom
176 You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
177 a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
178 being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
179 open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
180 numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
181 by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
182 the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
185 @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
187 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
189 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
191 a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
196 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
200 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
203 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
205 Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
206 @code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
210 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
212 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
216 No guitar special effects have been implemented.
221 @subsubsection Fret diagrams
222 @cindex fret diagrams
223 @cindex chord diagrams
225 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note.
226 The markup contains information about the desired fret diagram.
227 There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
228 and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
229 varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
230 markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
232 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup interfaces,
233 along with examples of common tweaks. For example, the size of the verbose
234 fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the finger indications are specified
235 to appear below the diagram. The terse diagram includes tweaks to
236 specify placement of finger code and color of dots.
238 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
240 d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
242 fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
243 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
244 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
253 c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
254 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
255 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
256 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
264 You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
265 Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
266 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
273 @node Right hand fingerings
274 @subsubsection Right hand fingerings
276 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} can be entered using
277 @code{<@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger} >}.
278 The right-hand fingering indication must occur within a @code{<>} chord
279 construct for it to be printed in the score, even if it is a single note.
280 There must be a hyphen after the note and the space
281 before the closing @code{>}.
284 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
286 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
287 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
288 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
289 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
290 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
294 for brevity, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
295 short, for example @code{RH},
298 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
301 @cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
302 @cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
306 You may exercise greater control over the placement of right-hand
307 fingerings by setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
309 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
310 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
312 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
313 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
314 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
315 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
319 The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
320 @code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
321 @code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
324 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
325 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
327 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
328 \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
336 This example combines left-hand fingering, string indication, and
339 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
340 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
351 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StrokeFinger}
357 @c TODO Make a snippet based on
358 @c http://www.nabble.com/Creating-a-nice-formatted-Chords-%2B-Lyrics-layout-for-guitar-players-to13829430.html
359 @c and include it somewhere -td
362 * Guitar tablatures::
363 * Indicating position and barring::
366 @node Guitar tablatures
367 @subsubsection Guitar tablatures
372 @node Indicating position and barring
373 @subsubsection Indicating position and barring
375 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
378 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
382 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
384 b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
389 Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
390 guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
391 touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
392 percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
393 pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
394 demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
400 @menu Banjo tablatures
404 @node Banjo tablatures
405 @subsubsection Banjo tablatures
406 @cindex Banjo tablatures
408 LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
409 for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
411 fret numbers for the fifth string:
413 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
415 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
416 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
419 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
420 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
426 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
427 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
428 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
431 These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
432 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
435 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
440 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.