1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{fretted-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
17 to fretted string instruments.
20 @cindex tablature, guitar
21 @cindex tablature, banjo
22 @cindex guitar tablature
23 @cindex banjo tablature
26 * Common notation for fretted strings::
31 @node Common notation for fretted strings
32 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
34 This section discusses common notation that is unique
35 to fretted string instruments.
38 * References for fretted strings::
39 * String number indications::
40 * Default tablatures::
42 * Fret diagram markups::
43 * Predefined fret diagrams::
44 * Automatic fret diagrams::
45 * Right-hand fingerings::
48 @node References for fretted strings
49 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for fretted strings
51 Music for fretted string instruments is normally notated on
52 a single staff, either in traditional music notation or in
53 tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
54 especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
55 a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
56 transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
57 Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
58 Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
59 are covered elsewhere:
62 @item Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}.
64 @item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
65 as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos is described in
68 @item Instructions on handling multiple voices is described
69 in @ref{Collision resolution}.
76 @ref{Fingering instructions},
78 @ref{Collision resolution},
79 @ref{Instrument names},
80 @ref{Writing music in parallel},
82 @ref{List of articulations},
86 @node String number indications
87 @unnumberedsubsubsec String number indications
89 @cindex string numbers
90 @cindex string vs. fingering numbers
91 @cindex fingering vs. string numbers
93 The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
94 appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
97 @warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
98 construct even if there is only a single note.}
100 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=0]
106 When fingerings and string indications are used together, their
107 placement is controlled by the order in which the two items appear
110 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
118 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
119 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
121 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
122 {allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly}
127 @ref{Fingering instructions}.
130 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
133 @rinternals{StringNumber},
134 @rinternals{Fingering}.
137 @node Default tablatures
138 @unnumberedsubsubsec Default tablatures
140 @cindex tablatures, basic
141 @cindex tablatures, default
146 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
147 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
148 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
149 LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
151 The string number associated with a note is given as a backslash
152 followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
153 and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
154 The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
155 @code{TabVoice} contexts
157 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
164 @funindex minimumFret
169 When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
170 the highest string that can generate the note with a fret number
171 greater than or equal to the value of @code{minimumFret}.
172 The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
175 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
177 \new Staff \relative c {
182 \new TabStaff \relative c {
184 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #5
190 @cindex harmonic indications in tablature notation
191 @cindex tablature and harmonic indications
192 @cindex slides in tablature notation
193 @cindex tablature and slides
195 Harmonic indications and slides can be added to tablature
198 @lilypond[fragment, verbatim, quote, relative=1]
201 <c g'\harmonic> d\2\glissando e\2
209 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
210 {stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature.ly}
212 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
213 {polyphony-in-tablature.ly}
221 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
224 @rinternals{TabNoteHead},
225 @rinternals{TabStaff},
226 @rinternals{TabVoice},
232 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
233 string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in
236 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
237 specially-created voices:
239 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
240 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
243 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
244 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
245 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
246 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
252 Guitar special effects are limited to harmonics and slides.
254 @node Custom tablatures
255 @unnumberedsubsubsec Custom tablatures
257 @cindex tablatures, custom
258 @cindex tablature, banjo
259 @cindex tablature, mandolin
260 @cindex tablature, bass guitar
261 @cindex tablature, predefined string tunings
262 @cindex fretted instruments, predefined string tunings
263 @cindex predefined string tunings for fretted instruments
265 @funindex StringTunings
267 LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
268 a note based on the string to which the note is assigned.
269 In order to do this, the tuning of the strings must be
270 specified. The tuning of the strings is given in the
271 @code{StringTunings} property.
273 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
274 guitar and bass guitar. Lilypond automatically sets the correct
275 transposition for predefined tunings. The following example is
276 for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written.
278 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
287 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
295 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning}, which
296 is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
297 @code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
298 @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
299 are found in @code{scm/output-lib.scm}.
301 A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
302 one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
303 where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
304 string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
305 from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
306 (e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
308 A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
309 of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
310 string pitch must be an integer. Lilypond calculates the actual
311 pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
312 actual pitch for middle C.
314 LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
315 @code{TabStaff} as the number of elements in @code{stringTunings}.
317 Any desired string tuning can be created. For example, we can
318 define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
319 of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
322 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
334 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(21 14 7 0)
343 @file{scm/output-lib.scm}.
346 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
349 @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
352 @node Fret diagram markups
353 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fret diagram markups
355 @cindex fret diagrams
356 @cindex chord diagrams
357 @cindex diagrams, fret
358 @cindex diagrams, chord for fretted instruments
359 @cindex fret diagrams, custom
360 @cindex custom fret diagrams
362 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired
363 note. The markup contains information about the desired fret
364 diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
365 interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
366 produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
367 information in the markup string. Details about the markup
368 interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
370 The standard fret diagram markup string indicates the string
371 number and the fret number for each dot to be placed on the string.
372 In addition, open and unplayed (muted) strings can be indicated.
374 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
376 \context ChordNames {
383 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
384 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
385 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
386 \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
391 @cindex barre indications
393 Barre indications can be added to the diagram from
394 the fret-diagram markup string.
396 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
398 \context ChordNames {
405 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
406 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
407 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
408 \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-3;6-3;5-5;4-5;3-4;2-3;1-3;"
413 @cindex fret-diagram markup
415 @funindex fret-diagram
416 @funindex \fret-diagram
418 The size of the fret diagram, and the number of frets in the diagram
419 can be changed in the fret-diagram markup string.
421 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
423 \context ChordNames {
430 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
431 \fret-diagram #"s:1.5;c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
432 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
433 \fret-diagram #"h:6;6-3;5-2;4-o;3-o;2-o;1-3;"
438 The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accomodate
439 different instruments such as banjos and ukeleles with the fret-diagram
442 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
444 \context ChordNames {
450 %% A chord for ukelele
451 a'1 ^\markup \fret-diagram #"w:4;4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
456 Fingering indications can be added, and the location of fingering labels
457 can be controlled by the fret-diagram markup string.
459 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
461 \context ChordNames {
468 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
469 \fret-diagram #"f:1;6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
470 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
471 \fret-diagram #"f:2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2-2;2-3-3;1-1-1;"
476 Dot radius and dot position can be controlled with the fret-diagram
479 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
481 \context ChordNames {
488 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
489 \fret-diagram #"d:0.35;6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
490 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
491 \fret-diagram #"p:0.2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
496 @cindex fret-diagram-terse markup
498 @funindex fret-diagram-terse
499 @funindex \fret-diagram-terse
501 The fret-diagram-terse markup string omits string numbers; the string
502 number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
503 for each string in the diagram. The first semicolon corresponds to the
504 highest string number and the last semicolon corresponds to the first string.
505 Mute strings, open strings, and fret numbers can be indicated.
507 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
509 \context ChordNames {
516 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
517 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3;2;o;1;o;"
518 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
519 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;1;"
524 Barre indicators can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
526 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
528 \context ChordNames {
535 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
536 \fret-diagram-terse #"1-(;3;3;2;1;1-);"
537 < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
538 \fret-diagram-terse #"3-(;5;5;4;3;3-);"
543 Fingering indications can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
545 @c Need to use override to enable fingerings to show this -- can we do so?
546 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
548 \context ChordNames {
554 \override Voice.TextScript
555 #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
557 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
558 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;"
559 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
560 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-2;3-3;1-1;"
565 Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override} when using
566 the fret-diagram-terse markup.
568 @cindex fret-diagram-verbose markup
570 @funindex fret-diagram-verbose
571 @funindex \fret-diagram-verbose
573 The fret-diagram-verbose markup string is in the format of a Scheme list. Each
574 element of the list indicates an item to be placed on the fret diagram.
576 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
577 << \context ChordNames {
584 < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
585 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
593 < d a d' f'> ^\markup
594 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
606 Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
607 fret-diagram-verbose markup string.
609 @c \override is necessary to make fingering visible
610 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
612 \context ChordNames {
619 \override Voice.TextScript
620 #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
622 < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
623 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
632 < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
633 \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
645 All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
646 when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
649 The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
650 interfaces, along with examples of common tweaks. For example,
651 the size of the verbose fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the
652 finger indications are specified to appear below the diagram. The
653 terse diagram includes tweaks to specify placement of finger code
656 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
659 d^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
661 fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
662 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
663 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
672 c^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
673 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
674 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
675 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
684 @cindex customized fret diagram
685 @cindex fret diagram, customized
686 @cindex diagram, fret, customized
688 @funindex fret-diagram-interface
690 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
691 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
692 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
693 markup, the interface properties belong to @code{Voice.TextScript}.
697 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
698 {customizing-markup-fret-diagrams.ly}
703 @ref{Text markup commands}.
706 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
709 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
712 @node Predefined fret diagrams
713 @unnumberedsubsubsec Predefined fret diagrams
716 @cindex fret diagrams
717 @cindex chord diagrams
720 @funindex stringTunings
722 Fret diagrams can be displayed using the @code{FretBoards} context. By
723 default, the @code{FretBoards} context will display fret diagrams that
724 are stored in a lookup table:
726 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
727 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
728 \context FretBoards {
735 The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
736 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
737 stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
738 @code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
739 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
740 fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
741 diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
742 by following the examples found in
743 @code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
745 Chord pitches can be entered
746 either as simultaneous music or using chord mode (see
747 @ref{Chord mode overview}).
749 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right,quote]
750 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
751 \context FretBoards {
757 @cindex chord names with fret diagrams
758 @cindex fret diagrams with chord names
764 It is common that both chord names and fret diagrams are displayed together.
765 This is achieved by putting a @code{ChordNames} context in parallel with
766 a @code{FretBoards} context and giving both contexts the same music.
768 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
769 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
770 mychords = \chordmode{
775 \context ChordNames {
778 \context FretBoards {
784 @cindex transposing fret diagrams
785 @cindex fret diagrams, transposing
786 @cindex diagrams, fret, transposing
788 Predefined fret diagrams are transposable, as long as a diagram for the
789 transposed chord is stored in the fret diagram table.
791 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
792 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
793 mychords = \chordmode{
799 \transpose c e { \mychords}
802 \context ChordNames {
805 \context FretBoards {
812 The predefined fret diagram table contains seven chords (major, minor,
813 augmented, diminished, dominant seventh, major seventh, minor seventh)
814 for each of 17 keys. A complete list of the predefined fret diagrams is
815 shown in @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}. If there is no entry in
816 the table for a chord, the FretBoards engraver will calculate a
817 fret-diagram using the automatic fret diagram functionality described in
818 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams}.
820 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
821 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
822 mychords = \chordmode{
827 \context ChordNames {
830 \context FretBoards {
836 @cindex fret diagrams, adding custom
837 @cindex custom fret diagrams, adding
838 @cindex adding custom fret diagrams
840 Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
841 you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and the
842 fret-diagram-terse definition string for the diagram.
844 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
845 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
847 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
849 #"x;3-2;2-1;3-3;3-4;x;"
851 mychords = \chordmode{
856 \context ChordNames {
859 \context FretBoards {
865 Different fret diagrams for the same chord name can be stored using different
868 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
869 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
871 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c'}
873 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes))
875 mychords = \chordmode{
880 \context ChordNames {
883 \context FretBoards {
889 @cindex fretted instruments, chord shapes
890 @cindex chord shapes for fretted instruments
892 @funindex \addChordShape
893 @funindex add ChordShape
894 @funindex storePredefinedDiagram
895 @funindex \storePredefinedDiagram
897 In addition to fret diagrams, LilyPond stores an internal list of chord
898 shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
899 the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
900 shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
901 predefined fret diagrams.
903 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
904 \include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
906 % add a new chord shape
908 \addChordShape #'powerf #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
910 % add some new chords based on the power chord shape
912 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f'}
914 #(chord-shape 'powerf)
915 \storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g'}
917 #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf))
919 mychords = \chordmode{
924 \context ChordNames {
927 \context FretBoards {
933 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
934 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
935 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
936 predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
937 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
941 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
942 {customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams.ly}
944 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
945 {defining-predefined-fretboards-for-other-instruments.ly}
950 @ref{Custom tablatures},
951 @ref{Automatic fret diagrams},
952 @ref{Chord mode overview},
953 @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}.
956 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly},
957 @file{ly/predefined-guitar-ninth-fretboards.ly}.
960 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
963 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
966 @node Automatic fret diagrams
967 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic fret diagrams
969 @cindex fret diagrams, automatic
970 @cindex chord diagrams, automatic
971 @cindex automatic fret diagrams
972 @cindex automatic chord diagrams
974 Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
975 @code{FretBoards} context. If no predefined diagram is available for
976 the entered notes in the active @code{stringTunings}, this context
977 calculates strings and frets that can be used to play the notes.
979 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
981 \context ChordNames {
986 \context FretBoards {
998 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOff
999 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOff
1000 @funindex predefinedFretboardsOn
1001 @funindex \predefinedFretboardsOn
1003 As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
1004 of fret diagrams is the default behavior. Once default diagrams are
1005 loaded, automatic calculation can be enabled and disabled with predefined
1008 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
1010 \storePredefinedDiagram <c e g c' e'>
1012 #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
1014 \context ChordNames {
1019 \context FretBoards {
1021 \predefinedFretboardsOff
1023 \predefinedFretboardsOn
1037 Sometimes the fretboard calculator will be unable to find
1038 an accceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
1039 manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
1040 note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
1041 the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
1044 @cindex fret diagrams, adding fingerings
1045 @cindex fingerings, adding to fret diagrams
1047 Fingerings can be added to FretBoard fret diagrams.
1049 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1051 \context ChordNames {
1056 \context FretBoards {
1057 < c-3 e-2 g c'-1 e' > 1
1068 The minimum fret to be used in calculating strings and frets for
1069 the FretBoard context can be set with the @code{minimumFret}
1072 @lilypond[quote, verbatim]
1074 \context ChordNames {
1079 \context FretBoards {
1081 \set FretBoards.minimumFret = #5
1092 The strings and frets for the @code{FretBoards} context depend
1093 on the @code{stringTunings} property, which has the same meaning
1094 as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
1095 information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
1097 The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
1098 user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
1099 Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
1100 @code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
1101 @code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
1105 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOff},
1106 @code{\predefinedFretboardsOn}.
1112 @ref{Custom tablatures}.
1115 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1117 Internals Reference:
1118 @rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
1121 @node Right-hand fingerings
1122 @unnumberedsubsubsec Right-hand fingerings
1124 @cindex fretted instruments, right hand fingerings
1125 @cindex fingerings, right hand for fretted instruments
1126 @cindex right hand fingerings for fretted instruments
1128 @funindex rightHandFinger
1129 @funindex \rightHandFinger
1131 Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
1132 chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
1133 even when applied to a single note.
1135 @warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
1136 before the closing @code{>}.}
1138 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
1140 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
1141 <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
1142 <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
1143 <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
1144 <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2
1145 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
1148 For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
1149 short, for example @code{RH},
1152 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
1158 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1159 {placement-of-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1161 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1162 {fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
1167 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1169 Internals Reference:
1170 @rinternals{StrokeFinger}.
1176 Most of the notational issues associated with guitar music are
1177 covered sufficiently in the general fretted strings section, but there
1178 are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
1179 create songbook-type documents having only lyrics with chord
1180 indications above them. Since Lilypond is a music typesetter,
1181 it is not recommended for documents that have no music notation
1182 in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
1183 or, for experienced users, a typesetter like GuitarTeX.
1186 * Indicating position and barring::
1187 * Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
1190 @node Indicating position and barring
1191 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating position and barring
1193 @cindex indicating position and barring for fretted instruments
1194 @cindex fretted instruments, indicating position and barring
1196 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
1197 barring indications.
1199 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
1203 \override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = #"XII "
1205 b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
1212 @ref{Text spanners}.
1215 @rlsr{Fretted strings},
1216 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1219 @node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1220 @unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
1222 @cindex fretted instruments, dampened notes
1223 @cindex fretted instruments, harmonics
1224 @cindex dampened notes on fretted instruments
1225 @cindex harmonics on fretted instruments
1227 Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
1228 harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
1231 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1234 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
1236 \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
1237 d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
1244 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1247 @ref{Special note heads},
1248 @ref{Note head styles}.
1255 * Banjo tablatures::
1258 @node Banjo tablatures
1259 @unnumberedsubsubsec Banjo tablatures
1261 @cindex banjo tablatures
1262 @cindex tablature, banjo
1264 LilyPond has basic support for the five-string banjo. When making tablatures
1265 for five-string banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
1266 correct fret numbers for the fifth string:
1268 @c due to crazy intervals of banjo music, absolute pitch is recommended
1270 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
1272 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
1273 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
1276 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
1277 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
1283 @cindex banjo tunings
1284 @cindex tunings, banjo
1286 @funindex banjo-c-tuning
1287 @funindex banjo-modal-tuning
1288 @funindex banjo-open-d-tuning
1289 @funindex banjo-open-dm-tuning
1290 @funindex four-string-banjo
1292 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
1293 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
1294 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
1297 These tunings may be converted to four-string banjo tunings using the
1298 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
1301 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
1307 @rlsr{Fretted strings}.
1309 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.