1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
11 @node Fretted string instruments
12 @section Fretted string instruments
15 @cindex guitar tablature
18 * Common notation for fretted strings::
23 @node Common notation for fretted strings
24 @subsection Common notation for fretted strings
27 * References for fretted strings::
28 * String number indications::
29 * Default tablatures::
32 * Right hand fingerings::
35 @node References for fretted strings
36 @subsubsection References for fretted strings
41 @node String number indications
42 @subsubsection String number indications
44 @cindex String numbers
46 String numbers can be added to chords, by indicating the string number
47 with @code{\}@var{number},
49 @lilypond[relative,relative=1,ragged-right,fragment]
56 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StringNumber},
57 @c @lsr{guitar/,string-number.ly}.
60 @node Default tablatures
61 @subsubsection Default tablatures
62 @cindex Tablatures, basic
63 @cindex Tablatures, default
65 Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
66 instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
67 numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played. LilyPond
68 offers limited support for tablature.
70 The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
71 followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
72 string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
73 defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
74 are printed as tablature, by using @rinternals{TabStaff} and
75 @rinternals{TabVoice} contexts
77 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
87 When no string is specified, the first string that does not give a
88 fret number less than @code{minimumFret} is selected. The default
89 value for @code{minimumFret} is 0
94 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
97 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
101 \set TabStaff.minimumFret = #8
105 \new Staff { \clef "G_8" \frag }
106 \new TabStaff { \frag }
113 To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
114 initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
118 \override Beam #'damping = #100000
123 Internals Reference: @rinternals{TabNoteHead}, @rinternals{TabStaff}, @rinternals{TabVoice}.
127 Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
128 string selector may easily select the same string to two notes in a
131 In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
132 specially-created voices:
134 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
135 melodia = \partcombine { e4 g g g }{ e4 e e e }
138 \new TabVoice = "one" s1
139 \new TabVoice = "two" s1
140 \new TabVoice = "shared" s1
141 \new TabVoice = "solo" s1
148 @node Custom tablatures
149 @subsubsection Custom tablatures
150 @cindex Tablatures, custom
152 You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
153 a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
154 being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
155 open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
156 numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
157 by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
158 the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
161 @code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
163 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
165 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
167 a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
172 LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
176 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
179 The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
181 Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
182 @code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
186 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
188 Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
192 No guitar special effects have been implemented.
197 @subsubsection Fret diagrams
198 @cindex fret diagrams
199 @cindex chord diagrams
201 Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note. The
202 markup contains information about the desired fret diagram, as shown in the
205 @lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
207 d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
209 fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
210 \override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
211 \fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
212 (place-fret 5 4 3) (place-fret 4 4 4)
213 (place-fret 3 3 2) (place-fret 2 2 1)
218 c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
219 \override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
220 \override #'(dot-color . white) {
221 \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
230 There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
231 and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
232 varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
233 markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
235 You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
236 Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
237 @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
244 @node Right hand fingerings
245 @subsubsection Right hand fingerings
247 Right hand fingerings in chords can be entered using
248 @code{@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger}}
250 @lilypond[verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
251 <c-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
254 for brevity, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
255 short, for example @code{RH},
258 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
261 @cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
262 @cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
266 You may exercise greater control over right handing fingerings by
267 setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
269 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
270 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
272 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
273 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
274 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
275 <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
279 The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
280 @code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
281 @code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
284 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
285 #(define RH rightHandFinger)
287 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
288 \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
296 Internals Reference: @rinternals{StrokeFinger}
302 @c TODO Make a snippet based on
303 @c http://www.nabble.com/Creating-a-nice-formatted-Chords-%2B-Lyrics-layout-for-guitar-players-to13829430.html
304 @c and include it somewhere -td
307 * Guitar tablatures::
308 * Indicating position and barring::
311 @node Guitar tablatures
312 @subsubsection Guitar tablatures
317 @node Indicating position and barring
318 @subsubsection Indicating position and barring
320 This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
323 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
327 \override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
329 b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
334 Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
335 guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
336 touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
337 percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
338 pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
339 demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
345 @menu Banjo tablatures
349 @node Banjo tablatures
350 @subsubsection Banjo tablatures
351 @cindex Banjo tablatures
353 LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
354 for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
356 fret numbers for the fifth string:
358 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
360 \set TabStaff.tablatureFormat = #fret-number-tablature-format-banjo
361 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #banjo-open-g-tuning
364 g8 d' g'\5 a b g e d' |
365 g4 d''8\5 b' a'\2 g'\5 e'\2 d' |
371 A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
372 @code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
373 @code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
376 These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
377 @code{four-string-banjo} function:
380 \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
385 The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.