1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
9 @node Editorial annotations
10 @section Editorial annotations
18 @node Inside the staff
19 @subsection Inside the staff
23 * Selecting notation font size::
24 * Fingering instructions::
31 @node Selecting notation font size
32 @unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting notation font size
34 The easiest method of setting the font size of any context is by
35 setting the @code{fontSize} property.
37 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
46 It does not change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or
49 Internally, the @code{fontSize} context property will cause the
50 @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The
51 value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative
52 to the standard size for the current staff height. Each step up
53 is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps
54 is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep}
55 converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling factor. The
56 @code{font-size} property can also be set directly, so that only
57 certain layout objects are affected.
59 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
61 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
63 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #3
67 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
68 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
69 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
70 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
72 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
73 that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
74 @internalsref{font-interface} layout interface.
78 The following commands set @code{fontSize} for the current voice:
88 @node Fingering instructions
89 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingering instructions
94 Fingering instructions can be entered using
97 @var{note}-@var{digit}
100 For finger changes, use markup texts
102 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
104 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
107 You can use the thumb-script to indicate that a note should be
108 played with the thumb (e.g., in cello music)
110 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
111 <a_\thumb a'-3>8 <b_\thumb b'-3>
114 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
115 chord by adding them after the pitches
117 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
124 You may exercise greater control over fingering chords by setting
125 @code{fingeringOrientations}
127 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
128 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
129 <c-1 es-2 g-4 bes-5 > 4
130 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
131 <c-1 es-2 g-4 bes-5 > 4
134 Using this feature, it is also possible to put fingering
135 instructions very close to note heads in monophonic music,
137 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,fragment]
138 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
145 Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
147 Examples: @lsr{expressive,fingering-chords.ly}
152 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hidden notes
155 @cindex Invisible notes
156 @cindex Transparent notes
159 @funindex \unHideNotes
161 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
162 preparing theory or composition exercises.
164 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
173 @node Coloring objects
174 @unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
176 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
177 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
179 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
180 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
182 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
184 \override Stem #'color = #blue
188 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
189 the Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument
193 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color 'MediumTurquoise)
199 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "MediumTurquoise")
202 The first form is quicker to write and is more efficient.
203 However, using the second form it is possible to access X11 colors
204 by the multi-word form of its name
207 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
210 If x11-color cannot make sense of the parameter then the color
211 returned defaults to black. It should be obvious from the final
212 score that something is wrong.
214 This example illustrates the use of x11-color. Notice that the
215 stem color remains black after being set to (x11-color 'Boggle),
216 which is deliberate nonsense.
218 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
220 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
221 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
222 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
226 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
228 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
230 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
237 you can get exact RGB colors by specifying
240 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
242 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
244 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
249 Appendix: @ref{List of colors}.
253 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser. For web
254 use normal colors are recommended.
256 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
257 similarly named normal color.
259 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
260 @code{\tweak} instead. See @ref{Objects connected to the input},
265 @unnumberedsubsubsec Parentheses
269 @cindex notes, parenthesized
271 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
274 @lilypond[relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
282 This only functions inside chords, even for single notes
285 < \parenthesize NOTE>
290 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
292 Whenever a note is found, a @internalsref{Stem} object is created
293 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created
302 @funindex \stemNeutral
308 To change the direction of stems in the middle of the staff, use
310 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
312 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #up
314 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #down
319 @node Outside the staff
320 @subsection Outside the staff
326 * Blank music sheet::
327 * Analysis brackets::
331 @unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
333 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
334 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
337 The following example demonstrates its use.
339 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
340 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
342 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
343 <c-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { Hello } >8
348 There are two music functions, @code{balloonText} and
349 @code{balloonGrobText}. The latter takes the name of the grob to
350 adorn, while the former may be used as an articulation on a note.
351 The other arguments are the offset and the text of the label.
354 @cindex notation, explaining
358 Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
362 @unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
364 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
367 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
371 \consists "Grid_point_engraver" %% sets of grid
372 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
377 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
378 %% centers grid lines horizontally below noteheads
379 \override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
390 %% centers grid lines vertically
391 \override Score.GridLine #'extra-offset = #'( 0.0 . 1.0 )
401 Examples: @lsrdir{education}
404 @node Blank music sheet
405 @unnumberedsubsubsec Blank music sheet
407 @cindex Sheet music, empty
408 @cindex Staves, blank sheet
410 A blank music sheet can be produced also by using invisible notes,
411 and removing @code{Bar_number_engraver}.
414 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
415 \layout{ indent = #0 }
417 \repeat unfold 2 % Change this for more lines.
422 \override TimeSignature #'transparent = ##t
423 % un-comment this line if desired
424 % \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
426 \remove Bar_number_engraver
429 % modify these to get the staves you want
430 \new Staff \emptymusic
431 \new TabStaff \emptymusic
436 @node Analysis brackets
437 @unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
440 @cindex phrasing brackets
441 @cindex musicological analysis
442 @cindex note grouping bracket
444 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in
445 musical pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested
446 horizontal brackets. To use this, add the
447 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to the
448 @internalsref{Staff} context. A bracket is started with
449 @code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}.
451 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
454 c4\startGroup\startGroup
457 c4\stopGroup\stopGroup
461 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
467 Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket}.