1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
9 @node Editorial annotations
10 @section Editorial annotations
12 @lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote]
13 {editorial-headword.ly}
21 @node Inside the staff
22 @subsection Inside the staff
26 * Selecting notation font size::
27 * Fingering instructions::
34 @node Selecting notation font size
35 @subsubsection Selecting notation font size
38 @cindex font size, selecting
39 @cindex selecting font size
41 The easiest method of setting the font size of any context is by
42 setting the @code{fontSize} property.
44 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
53 It does not change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or
56 @cindex font size scaling
58 Internally, the @code{fontSize} context property will cause the
59 @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The
60 value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative
61 to the standard size for the current staff height. Each step up
62 is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps
63 is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep}
64 converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling factor. The
65 @code{font-size} property can also be set directly, so that only
66 certain layout objects are affected.
68 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
70 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
72 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #3
76 @cindex standard font size
77 @cindex font size, standard
79 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
80 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
81 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
82 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
84 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects that
85 use fonts. These are the ones supporting the @code{font-interface}
90 The following commands set @code{fontSize} for the current voice:
101 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
103 Internals Reference: @internalsref{font-interface}.
106 @node Fingering instructions
107 @subsubsection Fingering instructions
110 @cindex finger change
112 Fingering instructions can be entered using
113 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
115 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
119 Use markup texts for finger changes.
121 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
122 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
127 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music)to indicate that a
128 note should be played with the thumb.
130 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
131 <a_\thumb a'-3>8 <b_\thumb b'-3>
134 @cindex fingering chords
135 @cindex chords, fingering
137 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
138 chord by adding them after the pitches.
140 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
141 < c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5 >2 < d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5 >
147 @code{fingeringOrientations} are used to control where the fingering
150 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
151 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
153 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down)
155 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
157 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up)
159 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
161 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
167 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
169 Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
173 @subsubsection Hidden notes
176 @cindex Invisible notes
177 @cindex Transparent notes
180 @funindex \unHideNotes
182 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
183 preparing theory or composition exercises.
185 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
195 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
198 @node Coloring objects
199 @subsubsection Coloring objects
201 @cindex colored objects
203 @cindex coloring objects
204 @cindex colored notes
205 @cindex coloring notes
206 @cindex notes, colored
208 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
209 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
211 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
212 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
214 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
216 \override Stem #'color = #blue
222 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
223 the Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument
227 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color 'MediumTurquoise)
233 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "MediumTurquoise")
236 The first form is quicker to write and is more efficient.
237 However, using the second form it is possible to access X11 colors
238 by the multi-word form of its name
241 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
244 If x11-color cannot make sense of the parameter then the color
245 returned defaults to black. It should be obvious from the final
246 score that something is wrong.
248 This example illustrates the use of x11-color. Notice that the
249 stem color remains black after being set to (x11-color 'Boggle),
250 which is deliberate nonsense.
252 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
254 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
255 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
256 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
260 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
262 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
264 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
271 you can get exact RGB colors by specifying
274 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
276 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
278 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
283 Notation Reference: @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
286 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
289 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser. For web
290 use normal colors are recommended.
292 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
293 similarly named normal color.
295 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
296 @code{\tweak} instead. See @ref{Objects connected to the input},
301 @subsubsection Parentheses
305 @cindex notes, parenthesized
308 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
311 @lilypond[relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
319 This only functions inside chords, to parenthesize a single note it
320 must be enclosed with @code{<>} as if it is a chord.
323 < \parenthesize NOTE>
328 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
336 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
337 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
346 @funindex \stemNeutral
352 @cindex stem, direction
355 @cindex stem, neutral
357 To change the direction of stems on the center line of the staff, use
359 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
361 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #up
363 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #down
369 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
372 @node Outside the staff
373 @subsection Outside the staff
379 * Blank music sheet::
380 * Analysis brackets::
384 @subsubsection Balloon help
386 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
387 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
390 The following example demonstrates its use.
392 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
393 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
395 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
396 <f-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } >8
401 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
402 @code{balloonText}; the former takes the name of the grob to adorn,
403 while the latter may be used as an articulation on a note. The other
404 arguments are the offset and the text of the label.
407 @cindex notation, explaining
411 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
413 Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
417 @subsubsection Grid lines
419 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
422 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
426 \consists "Grid_point_engraver" %% sets of grid
427 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
432 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
433 %% centers grid lines horizontally below note heads
434 \override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
445 %% centers grid lines vertically
446 \override Score.GridLine #'extra-offset = #'( 0.0 . 1.0 )
458 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
461 @node Blank music sheet
462 @subsubsection Blank music sheet
464 @cindex sheet music, empty
465 @cindex staves, blank sheet
466 @cindex blank staff paper
467 @cindex staff paper, blank
469 A blank music sheet can be produced also by using invisible notes,
470 and removing @code{Bar_number_engraver}.
473 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
474 \layout{ indent = #0 }
476 \repeat unfold 2 % Change this for more lines.
481 \override TimeSignature #'transparent = ##t
482 % un-comment this line if desired
483 % \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
485 \remove Bar_number_engraver
488 % modify these to get the staves you want
489 \new Staff \emptymusic
490 \new TabStaff \emptymusic
496 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
499 @node Analysis brackets
500 @subsubsection Analysis brackets
503 @cindex phrasing brackets
504 @cindex musicological analysis
505 @cindex note grouping bracket
507 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
508 pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested horizontal
509 brackets. To use this, add the @code{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to
510 the @code{Staff} context. A bracket is started with
511 @code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}.
513 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
516 c4\startGroup\startGroup
519 c4\stopGroup\stopGroup
523 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
529 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
531 Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
532 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver}, @internalsref{Staff}.