1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
9 @node Editorial annotations
10 @section Editorial annotations
12 @lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote]
13 {editorial-headword.ly}
21 @node Inside the staff
22 @subsection Inside the staff
26 * Selecting notation font size::
27 * Fingering instructions::
34 @node Selecting notation font size
35 @unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting notation font size
38 @cindex font size, selecting
39 @cindex selecting font size
41 The easiest method of setting the font size of any context is by
42 setting the @code{fontSize} property.
44 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
53 It does not change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or
56 @cindex font size scaling
58 Internally, the @code{fontSize} context property will cause the
59 @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The
60 value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative
61 to the standard size for the current staff height. Each step up
62 is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps
63 is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep}
64 converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling factor. The
65 @code{font-size} property can also be set directly, so that only
66 certain layout objects are affected.
68 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
70 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
72 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #3
76 @cindex standard font size
77 @cindex font size, standard
79 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
80 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
81 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
82 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
84 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects that
85 use fonts. These are the ones supporting the @code{font-interface}
90 The following commands set @code{fontSize} for the current voice:
101 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
103 Internals Reference: @internalsref{font-interface}.
106 @node Fingering instructions
107 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingering instructions
110 @cindex finger change
112 Fingering instructions can be entered using
115 @var{note}-@var{digit}
118 For finger changes, use markup texts
120 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
122 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
128 You can use the thumb-script to indicate that a note should be
129 played with the thumb (e.g., in cello music)
131 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
132 <a_\thumb a'-3>8 <b_\thumb b'-3>
135 @cindex fingering chords
136 @cindex chords, fingering
138 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
139 chord by adding them after the pitches
141 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
148 You may exercise greater control over fingering chords by setting
149 @code{fingeringOrientations}
151 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
152 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
153 <c-1 es-2 g-4 bes-5 > 4
154 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
155 <c-1 es-2 g-4 bes-5 > 4
158 Using this feature, it is also possible to put fingering
159 instructions very close to note heads in monophonic music,
161 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,fragment]
162 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
169 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
171 Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
175 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hidden notes
178 @cindex Invisible notes
179 @cindex Transparent notes
182 @funindex \unHideNotes
184 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
185 preparing theory or composition exercises.
187 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
197 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
200 @node Coloring objects
201 @unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
203 @cindex colored objects
205 @cindex coloring objects
206 @cindex colored notes
207 @cindex coloring notes
208 @cindex notes, colored
210 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
211 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
213 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
214 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
216 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
218 \override Stem #'color = #blue
224 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
225 the Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument
229 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color 'MediumTurquoise)
235 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "MediumTurquoise")
238 The first form is quicker to write and is more efficient.
239 However, using the second form it is possible to access X11 colors
240 by the multi-word form of its name
243 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
246 If x11-color cannot make sense of the parameter then the color
247 returned defaults to black. It should be obvious from the final
248 score that something is wrong.
250 This example illustrates the use of x11-color. Notice that the
251 stem color remains black after being set to (x11-color 'Boggle),
252 which is deliberate nonsense.
254 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
256 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
257 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
258 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
262 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
264 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
266 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
273 you can get exact RGB colors by specifying
276 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
278 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
280 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
285 Notation Reference: @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
288 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
291 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser. For web
292 use normal colors are recommended.
294 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
295 similarly named normal color.
297 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
298 @code{\tweak} instead. See @ref{Objects connected to the input},
303 @unnumberedsubsubsec Parentheses
307 @cindex notes, parenthesized
310 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
313 @lilypond[relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
321 This only functions inside chords, to parenthesize a single note it
322 must be enclosed with @code{<>} as if it is a chord.
325 < \parenthesize NOTE>
330 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
334 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
338 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
339 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
348 @funindex \stemNeutral
354 @cindex stem, direction
357 @cindex stem, neutral
359 To change the direction of stems on the center line of the staff, use
361 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
363 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #up
365 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #down
371 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
374 @node Outside the staff
375 @subsection Outside the staff
381 * Blank music sheet::
382 * Analysis brackets::
386 @unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
388 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
389 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
392 The following example demonstrates its use.
394 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
395 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
397 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
398 <f-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } >8
403 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
404 @code{balloonText}; the former takes the name of the grob to adorn,
405 while the latter may be used as an articulation on a note. The other
406 arguments are the offset and the text of the label.
409 @cindex notation, explaining
413 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
415 Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
419 @unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
421 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
424 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
428 \consists "Grid_point_engraver" %% sets of grid
429 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
434 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
435 %% centers grid lines horizontally below note heads
436 \override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
447 %% centers grid lines vertically
448 \override Score.GridLine #'extra-offset = #'( 0.0 . 1.0 )
460 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
463 @node Blank music sheet
464 @unnumberedsubsubsec Blank music sheet
466 @cindex sheet music, empty
467 @cindex staves, blank sheet
468 @cindex blank staff paper
469 @cindex staff paper, blank
471 A blank music sheet can be produced also by using invisible notes,
472 and removing @code{Bar_number_engraver}.
475 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
476 \layout{ indent = #0 }
478 \repeat unfold 2 % Change this for more lines.
483 \override TimeSignature #'transparent = ##t
484 % un-comment this line if desired
485 % \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
487 \remove Bar_number_engraver
490 % modify these to get the staves you want
491 \new Staff \emptymusic
492 \new TabStaff \emptymusic
498 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
501 @node Analysis brackets
502 @unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
505 @cindex phrasing brackets
506 @cindex musicological analysis
507 @cindex note grouping bracket
509 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
510 pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested horizontal
511 brackets. To use this, add the @code{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to
512 the @code{Staff} context. A bracket is started with
513 @code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}.
515 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
518 c4\startGroup\startGroup
521 c4\stopGroup\stopGroup
525 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
531 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
533 Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
534 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver}, @internalsref{Staff}.