1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
9 @node Editorial annotations
10 @section Editorial annotations
12 @lilypondfile[ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16,quote]
13 {editorial-headword.ly}
21 @node Inside the staff
22 @subsection Inside the staff
26 * Selecting notation font size::
27 * Fingering instructions::
34 @node Selecting notation font size
35 @subsubsection Selecting notation font size
38 @cindex font size, selecting
39 @cindex selecting font size
41 The easiest method of setting the font size of any context is by
42 setting the @code{fontSize} property.
44 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
53 It does not change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or
56 @cindex font size scaling
58 Internally, the @code{fontSize} context property will cause the
59 @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout objects. The
60 value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the size relative
61 to the standard size for the current staff height. Each step up
62 is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size. Six steps
63 is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function @code{magstep}
64 converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling factor. The
65 @code{font-size} property can also be set directly, so that only
66 certain layout objects are affected.
68 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
70 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
72 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #3
76 @cindex standard font size
77 @cindex font size, standard
79 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
80 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
81 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
82 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
84 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects that
85 use fonts. These are the ones supporting the @code{font-interface}
90 The following commands set @code{fontSize} for the current voice:
101 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
103 Internals Reference: @internalsref{font-interface}.
106 @node Fingering instructions
107 @subsubsection Fingering instructions
110 @cindex finger change
112 Fingering instructions can be entered using
113 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
115 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
119 Use markup texts for finger changes.
121 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
122 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
127 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music)to indicate that a
128 note should be played with the thumb.
130 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
131 <a_\thumb a'-3>2 <b_\thumb b'-3>
134 @cindex fingering chords
135 @cindex chords, fingering
137 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
138 chord by adding them after the pitches.
140 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
141 < c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5 >2 < d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5 >
147 @code{fingeringOrientations} are used to control where the fingering
150 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
151 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
153 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down)
155 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
157 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up)
159 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
161 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
167 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
169 Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
173 @subsubsection Hidden notes
176 @cindex Invisible notes
177 @cindex Transparent notes
179 @funindex \unHideNotes
181 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
182 preparing theory or composition exercises.
184 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
198 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
201 @node Coloring objects
202 @subsubsection Coloring objects
204 @cindex colored objects
206 @cindex coloring objects
207 @cindex colored notes
208 @cindex coloring notes
209 @cindex notes, colored
211 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
212 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
214 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
215 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
217 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
219 \override Stem #'color = #blue
225 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
226 the Scheme function x11-color. The function takes one argument
230 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color 'MediumTurquoise)
236 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "MediumTurquoise")
239 The first form is quicker to write and is more efficient.
240 However, using the second form it is possible to access X11 colors
241 by the multi-word form of its name
244 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
247 If x11-color cannot make sense of the parameter then the color
248 returned defaults to black. It should be obvious from the final
249 score that something is wrong.
251 This example illustrates the use of x11-color. Notice that the
252 stem color remains black after being set to (x11-color 'Boggle),
253 which is deliberate nonsense.
255 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
257 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
258 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
259 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
263 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
265 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
267 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
272 You can get exact RGB colors by specifying the rgb-color number.
274 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
276 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
277 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
278 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
283 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
286 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
289 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
296 Notation Reference: @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
299 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
302 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser i.e. a web
303 browser might not display a difference between 'LimeGreen and
304 'ForestGreen. For web use normal colors are recommended. (#blue,
307 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
308 similarly named normal color.
310 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
311 @code{\tweak} instead. See @ref{Objects connected to the input},
316 @subsubsection Parentheses
320 @cindex notes, parenthesized
323 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
326 @lilypond[relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
339 This only functions inside chords, to parenthesize a single note it
340 must be enclosed with @code{<>} as if it is a chord.
343 < \parenthesize NOTE>
346 @lilypond[relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
355 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
363 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
364 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
373 @funindex \stemNeutral
379 @cindex stem, direction
382 @cindex stem, neutral
384 To change the direction of stems on the center line of the staff, use
386 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
388 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #up
390 \override Stem #'neutral-direction = #down
396 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
399 @node Outside the staff
400 @subsection Outside the staff
406 * Analysis brackets::
410 @subsubsection Balloon help
412 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
413 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
416 The following example demonstrates its use.
418 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
419 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
421 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
422 <a-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } >8
426 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
427 @code{balloonText}; the former takes the name of the grob to adorn,
428 while the latter may be used as an articulation on a note. The other
429 arguments are the offset and the text of the label.
432 @cindex notation, explaining
436 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
438 Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
442 @subsubsection Grid lines
444 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
447 @lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
451 \consists "Grid_point_engraver" %% sets of grid
452 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
457 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
458 %% centers grid lines horizontally below note heads
459 \override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
470 %% centers grid lines vertically
471 \override Score.GridLine #'extra-offset = #'( 0.0 . 1.0 )
483 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
488 @node Analysis brackets
489 @subsubsection Analysis brackets
492 @cindex phrasing brackets
493 @cindex musicological analysis
494 @cindex note grouping bracket
496 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
497 pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of nested horizontal
498 brackets. To use this, add the @code{Horizontal_bracket_engraver} to
499 the @code{Staff} context. A bracket is started with
500 @code{\startGroup} and closed with @code{\stopGroup}.
502 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
505 c4\startGroup\startGroup
508 c4\stopGroup\stopGroup
512 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
520 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
522 Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
523 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver}, @internalsref{Staff}.