1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
9 @node Editorial annotations
10 @section Editorial annotations
12 @lilypondfile[quote]{editorial-headword.ly}
14 This section discusses the various ways to change the appearance of
15 notes and add analysis or educational emphasis.
23 @node Inside the staff
24 @subsection Inside the staff
26 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements that are
30 * Selecting notation font size::
31 * Fingering instructions::
38 @node Selecting notation font size
39 @unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting notation font size
42 @cindex font size, selecting
43 @cindex selecting font size
45 The font size of notation elements may be altered. It does not
46 change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or slurs.
48 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
63 @cindex font size scaling
65 Internally, this sets the @code{fontSize} property. This in turns
66 causes the @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout
67 objects. The value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the
68 size relative to the standard size for the current staff height.
69 Each step up is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size.
70 Six steps is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function
71 @code{magstep} converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling
72 factor. The @code{font-size} property can also be set directly,
73 so that only certain layout objects are affected.
75 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
78 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
80 \override Script #'font-size = #2
82 \override Stem #'font-size = #-5
86 @cindex standard font size
87 @cindex font size, standard
89 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
90 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
91 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
92 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
94 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
95 that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
96 @code{font-interface} layout interface.
104 @funindex \normalsize
114 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
117 @internalsref{font-interface}.
120 @node Fingering instructions
121 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingering instructions
124 @cindex finger change
126 Fingering instructions can be entered using
127 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
129 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
133 Markup texts may be used for finger changes.
135 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
136 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
141 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music)to indicate that a
142 note should be played with the thumb.
144 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
145 <a_\thumb a'-3>2 <b_\thumb b'-3>
148 @cindex fingering chords
149 @cindex chords, fingering
151 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
152 chord by adding them after the pitches.
154 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
155 < c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5 >2 < d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5 >
158 Fingering instructions may be manually placed above or below the
159 staff, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
163 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
164 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
170 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}
173 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
176 @internalsref{FingeringEvent},
177 @internalsref{fingering-event},
178 @internalsref{Fingering_engraver},
179 @internalsref{New_fingering_engraver},
180 @internalsref{Fingering}.
184 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hidden notes
187 @cindex Invisible notes
188 @cindex Transparent notes
190 @funindex \unHideNotes
192 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
193 preparing theory or composition exercises.
195 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
209 @code{\hideNotes}, @code{\unHideNotes}
214 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
217 @internalsref{Note_spacing_engraver},
218 @internalsref{NoteSpacing}.
221 @node Coloring objects
222 @unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
224 @cindex colored objects
226 @cindex coloring objects
227 @cindex colored notes
228 @cindex coloring notes
229 @cindex notes, colored
231 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
232 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
234 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
235 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
237 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
239 \override Stem #'color = #blue
245 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
246 the Scheme function @code{x11-color}. The function takes one
247 argument; this can be a symbol in the form @var{'FooBar} or a
248 string in the form @var{"FooBar"}. The first form is quicker to
249 write and is more efficient. However, using the second form it is
250 possible to access X11 colors by the multi-word form of its name.
252 If @code{x11-color} cannot make sense of the parameter then the
253 color returned defaults to black.
255 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
256 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
257 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
258 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
262 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
264 \override Accidental #'color = #(x11-color 'DarkRed)
266 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
268 % this is deliberate nonsense; note that the stems remain black
269 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
273 You can get exact RGB colors by specifying the rgb-color number.
275 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
276 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
277 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
278 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
282 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
285 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
288 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
295 @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
299 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
302 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
303 similarly named normal color.
305 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser i.e. a web browser
306 might not display a difference between 'LimeGreen and 'ForestGreen. For
307 web use normal colors are recommended (i.e. #blue, #green, #red).
310 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
311 @code{\tweak} instead, see @ref{Objects connected to the input}.
315 @unnumberedsubsubsec Parentheses
319 @cindex notes, parenthesized
322 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
323 the music event. When applied to a chord, it parenthesizes every
326 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
328 c2 \parenthesize <c e g>
331 Non-note objects may be parenthesized as well.
333 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
334 c2-\parenthesize -. d
341 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
344 @internalsref{Parenthesis_engraver},
345 @internalsref{ParenthesesItem},
346 @internalsref{parentheses-interface}.
350 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
354 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
355 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
364 @funindex \stemNeutral
370 @cindex stem, direction
373 @cindex stem, neutral
375 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
376 {default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff.ly}
380 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
383 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
386 @internalsref{Stem_engraver},
388 @internalsref{stem-interface}.
391 @node Outside the staff
392 @subsection Outside the staff
394 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements in the staff
395 from outside of the staff.
400 * Analysis brackets::
404 @unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
406 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
407 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
410 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
411 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
413 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
415 \balloonGrobText #'Rest #' (-4 . -4) \markup { "I'm a rest" }
417 <c, g'-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } c>2.
421 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
422 @code{balloonText}; The former is used like @code{\once \override} to
423 attach text to any grob, and the latter is used like @code{ \tweak},
424 typically within chords, to attach text to an individual note.
427 @cindex notation, explaining
432 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
435 @internalsref{Balloon_engraver},
436 @internalsref{BalloonTextItem},
437 @internalsref{balloon-interface}.
441 @unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
443 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
446 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
451 \consists "Grid_point_engraver"
452 % this sets the grid interval to 1 quarternote (crotchet)
453 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
458 % by default this centers grid lines horizontally below and to the
459 % left side of the notehead, the grid lines extend from
460 % the middle lines of each staff
461 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
483 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
484 {grid-lines-changing-their-appearance.ly}
490 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
493 @internalsref{Grid_line_span_engraver},
494 @internalsref{Grid_point_engraver},
495 @internalsref{GridLine},
496 @internalsref{GridPoint},
497 @internalsref{grid-line-interface},
498 @internalsref{grid-point-interface}.
501 @node Analysis brackets
502 @unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
505 @cindex phrasing brackets
506 @cindex musicological analysis
507 @cindex note grouping bracket
509 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
510 pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of horizontal brackets.
512 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
515 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
524 Analysis brackets may be nested.
526 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
529 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
533 c4\startGroup\startGroup
536 d4\stopGroup\stopGroup
543 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
546 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver},
547 @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
548 @internalsref{horizontal-bracket-interface},
549 @internalsref{Staff}.