1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Editorial annotations
12 @section Editorial annotations
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{editorial-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses the various ways to change the appearance of
17 notes and add analysis or educational emphasis.
25 @node Inside the staff
26 @subsection Inside the staff
28 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements that are
32 * Selecting notation font size::
33 * Fingering instructions::
40 @node Selecting notation font size
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting notation font size
44 @cindex font size, selecting
45 @cindex selecting font size
47 The font size of notation elements may be altered. It does not
48 change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or slurs.
50 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
65 @cindex font size scaling
67 Internally, this sets the @code{fontSize} property. This in turns
68 causes the @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout
69 objects. The value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the
70 size relative to the standard size for the current staff height.
71 Each step up is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size.
72 Six steps is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function
73 @code{magstep} converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling
74 factor. The @code{font-size} property can also be set directly,
75 so that only certain layout objects are affected.
77 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
80 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
82 \override Script #'font-size = #2
84 \override Stem #'font-size = #-5
88 @cindex standard font size
89 @cindex font size, standard
91 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
92 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
93 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
94 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
96 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
97 that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
98 @code{font-interface} layout interface.
106 @funindex \normalsize
116 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
119 @internalsref{font-interface}.
122 @node Fingering instructions
123 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingering instructions
126 @cindex finger change
128 Fingering instructions can be entered using
129 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
131 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
135 Markup texts may be used for finger changes.
137 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
138 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
143 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music)to indicate that a
144 note should be played with the thumb.
146 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
147 <a_\thumb a'-3>2 <b_\thumb b'-3>
150 @cindex fingering chords
151 @cindex chords, fingering
153 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
154 chord by adding them after the pitches.
156 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
157 < c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5 >2 < d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5 >
160 Fingering instructions may be manually placed above or below the
161 staff, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
165 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
166 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
172 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}
175 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
178 @internalsref{FingeringEvent},
179 @internalsref{fingering-event},
180 @internalsref{Fingering_engraver},
181 @internalsref{New_fingering_engraver},
182 @internalsref{Fingering}.
186 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hidden notes
189 @cindex Invisible notes
190 @cindex Transparent notes
192 @funindex \unHideNotes
194 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
195 preparing theory or composition exercises.
197 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
211 @code{\hideNotes}, @code{\unHideNotes}
216 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
219 @internalsref{Note_spacing_engraver},
220 @internalsref{NoteSpacing}.
223 @node Coloring objects
224 @unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
226 @cindex colored objects
228 @cindex coloring objects
229 @cindex colored notes
230 @cindex coloring notes
231 @cindex notes, colored
233 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
234 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
236 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
237 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
239 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
241 \override Stem #'color = #blue
247 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
248 the Scheme function @code{x11-color}. The function takes one
249 argument; this can be a symbol in the form @var{'FooBar} or a
250 string in the form @var{"FooBar"}. The first form is quicker to
251 write and is more efficient. However, using the second form it is
252 possible to access X11 colors by the multi-word form of its name.
254 If @code{x11-color} cannot make sense of the parameter then the
255 color returned defaults to black.
257 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
258 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
259 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
260 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
264 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
266 \override Accidental #'color = #(x11-color 'DarkRed)
268 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
270 % this is deliberate nonsense; note that the stems remain black
271 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
275 You can get exact RGB colors by specifying the rgb-color number.
277 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
278 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
279 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
280 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
284 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
287 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
290 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
297 @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
301 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
304 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
305 similarly named normal color.
307 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser i.e. a web browser
308 might not display a difference between 'LimeGreen and 'ForestGreen. For
309 web use normal colors are recommended (i.e. #blue, #green, #red).
312 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
313 @code{\tweak} instead, see @ref{Objects connected to the input}.
317 @unnumberedsubsubsec Parentheses
321 @cindex notes, parenthesized
324 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
325 the music event. When applied to a chord, it parenthesizes every
328 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
330 c2 \parenthesize <c e g>
333 Non-note objects may be parenthesized as well.
335 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
336 c2-\parenthesize -. d
343 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
346 @internalsref{Parenthesis_engraver},
347 @internalsref{ParenthesesItem},
348 @internalsref{parentheses-interface}.
352 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
356 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
357 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
366 @funindex \stemNeutral
372 @cindex stem, direction
375 @cindex stem, neutral
377 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
378 {default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff.ly}
382 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
385 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
388 @internalsref{Stem_engraver},
390 @internalsref{stem-interface}.
393 @node Outside the staff
394 @subsection Outside the staff
396 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements in the staff
397 from outside of the staff.
402 * Analysis brackets::
406 @unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
408 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
409 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
412 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
413 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
415 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
417 \balloonGrobText #'Rest #' (-4 . -4) \markup { "I'm a rest" }
419 <c, g'-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } c>2.
423 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
424 @code{balloonText}; The former is used like @code{\once \override} to
425 attach text to any grob, and the latter is used like @code{ \tweak},
426 typically within chords, to attach text to an individual note.
429 @cindex notation, explaining
434 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
437 @internalsref{Balloon_engraver},
438 @internalsref{BalloonTextItem},
439 @internalsref{balloon-interface}.
443 @unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
445 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
448 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
453 \consists "Grid_point_engraver"
454 % this sets the grid interval to 1 quarternote (crotchet)
455 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
460 % by default this centers grid lines horizontally below and to the
461 % left side of the notehead, the grid lines extend from
462 % the middle lines of each staff
463 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
485 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
486 {grid-lines-changing-their-appearance.ly}
492 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
495 @internalsref{Grid_line_span_engraver},
496 @internalsref{Grid_point_engraver},
497 @internalsref{GridLine},
498 @internalsref{GridPoint},
499 @internalsref{grid-line-interface},
500 @internalsref{grid-point-interface}.
503 @node Analysis brackets
504 @unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
507 @cindex phrasing brackets
508 @cindex musicological analysis
509 @cindex note grouping bracket
511 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
512 pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of horizontal brackets.
514 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
517 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
526 Analysis brackets may be nested.
528 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
531 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
535 c4\startGroup\startGroup
538 d4\stopGroup\stopGroup
545 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
548 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver},
549 @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
550 @internalsref{horizontal-bracket-interface},
551 @internalsref{Staff}.