1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
11 @node Editorial annotations
12 @section Editorial annotations
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{editorial-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses the various ways to change the appearance of
17 notes and add analysis or educational emphasis.
25 @node Inside the staff
26 @subsection Inside the staff
28 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements that are
32 * Selecting notation font size::
33 * Fingering instructions::
40 @node Selecting notation font size
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting notation font size
44 @cindex font size, selecting
45 @cindex selecting font size
47 The font size of notation elements may be altered. It does not
48 change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or slurs.
50 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
65 @cindex font size scaling
67 Internally, this sets the @code{fontSize} property. This in turn
68 causes the @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout
69 objects. The value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the
70 size relative to the standard size for the current staff height.
71 Each step up is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size.
72 Six steps is exactly a factor of two. The Scheme function
73 @code{magstep} converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling
74 factor. The @code{font-size} property can also be set directly,
75 so that only certain layout objects are affected.
77 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
80 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
82 \override Script #'font-size = #2
84 \override Stem #'font-size = #-5
88 @cindex standard font size
89 @cindex font size, standard
91 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
92 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
93 @code{font-size = #0}), depends on the standard staff height.
94 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
96 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
97 that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
98 @code{font-interface} layout interface.
106 @funindex \normalsize
116 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
119 @internalsref{font-interface}.
122 @node Fingering instructions
123 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingering instructions
126 @cindex finger change
128 Fingering instructions can be entered using
129 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
131 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
135 Markup texts may be used for finger changes.
137 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
138 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
143 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music) to indicate that a
144 note should be played with the thumb.
146 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
147 <a_\thumb a'-3>2 <b_\thumb b'-3>
150 @cindex fingering chords
151 @cindex chords, fingering
153 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
154 chord by adding them after the pitches.
156 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
157 <c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5>2 <d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5>
160 Fingering instructions may be manually placed above or below the
161 staff, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
165 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
166 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
172 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}
175 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
178 @internalsref{FingeringEvent},
179 @internalsref{fingering-event},
180 @internalsref{Fingering_engraver},
181 @internalsref{New_fingering_engraver},
182 @internalsref{Fingering}.
186 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hidden notes
189 @cindex Invisible notes
190 @cindex Transparent notes
192 @funindex \unHideNotes
194 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
195 preparing theory or composition exercises.
197 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
211 @code{\hideNotes}, @code{\unHideNotes}
216 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
219 @internalsref{Note_spacing_engraver},
220 @internalsref{NoteSpacing}.
223 @node Coloring objects
224 @unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
226 @cindex colored objects
228 @cindex coloring objects
229 @cindex colored notes
230 @cindex coloring notes
231 @cindex notes, colored
233 Individual objects may be assigned colors. Valid color names
234 are listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
236 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
237 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
239 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
241 \override Stem #'color = #blue
247 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
248 the Scheme function @code{x11-color}. The function takes one
249 argument; this can be a symbol in the form @var{'FooBar} or a
250 string in the form @var{"FooBar"}. The first form is quicker to
251 write and is more efficient. However, using the second form it is
252 possible to access X11 colors by the multi-word form of its name.
254 If @code{x11-color} cannot make sense of the parameter then the
255 color returned defaults to black.
257 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
258 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
259 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
260 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
264 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
266 \override Accidental #'color = #(x11-color 'DarkRed)
268 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
270 % this is deliberate nonsense; note that the stems remain black
271 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
275 Exact RGB colors can be specified using the Scheme function
278 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
279 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
280 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
281 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
285 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
288 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
291 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
298 @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
302 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
305 An X11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
306 similarly named normal color.
308 Not all X11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser, i.e.,
309 a web browser might not display a difference between @code{'LimeGreen}
310 and @code{'ForestGreen}. For web use normal colors are recommended
311 (i.e., @code{#blue}, @code{#green}, @code{#red}).
314 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
315 @code{\tweak} instead, see @ref{Objects connected to the input}.
319 @unnumberedsubsubsec Parentheses
323 @cindex notes, parenthesized
326 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
327 the music event. When applied to a chord, it parenthesizes every
330 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
332 c2 \parenthesize <c e g>
335 Non-note objects may be parenthesized as well.
337 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
338 c2-\parenthesize -. d
345 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
348 @internalsref{Parenthesis_engraver},
349 @internalsref{ParenthesesItem},
350 @internalsref{parentheses-interface}.
354 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
358 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
359 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
368 @funindex \stemNeutral
374 @cindex stem, direction
377 @cindex stem, neutral
379 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
380 {default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff.ly}
384 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
387 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
390 @internalsref{Stem_engraver},
392 @internalsref{stem-interface}.
395 @node Outside the staff
396 @subsection Outside the staff
398 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements in the staff
399 from outside of the staff.
404 * Analysis brackets::
408 @unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
410 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
411 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
414 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
415 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
417 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
419 \balloonGrobText #'Rest #'(-4 . -4) \markup { "I'm a rest" }
421 <c, g'-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } c>2.
425 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
426 @code{balloonText}; the former is used like @code{\once \override} to
427 attach text to any grob, and the latter is used like @code{\tweak},
428 typically within chords, to attach text to an individual note.
431 @cindex notation, explaining
436 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
439 @internalsref{Balloon_engraver},
440 @internalsref{BalloonTextItem},
441 @internalsref{balloon-interface}.
445 @unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
447 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
450 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
455 \consists "Grid_point_engraver"
456 % set the grid interval to one quarter note
457 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
461 % by default this centers grid lines horizontally below
462 % and to the left side of the note head, the grid lines
463 % extending from the middle lines of each staff
464 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
470 \new Staff \relative c'' {
474 \new Staff \relative c {
485 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
486 {grid-lines-changing-their-appearance.ly}
492 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
495 @internalsref{Grid_line_span_engraver},
496 @internalsref{Grid_point_engraver},
497 @internalsref{GridLine},
498 @internalsref{GridPoint},
499 @internalsref{grid-line-interface},
500 @internalsref{grid-point-interface}.
503 @node Analysis brackets
504 @unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
507 @cindex phrasing brackets
508 @cindex musicological analysis
509 @cindex note grouping bracket
511 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
512 pieces. Simple horizontal brackets are supported.
514 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
518 \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
527 Analysis brackets may be nested.
529 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
533 \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
537 c4\startGroup\startGroup
540 d4\stopGroup\stopGroup
547 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
550 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver},
551 @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
552 @internalsref{horizontal-bracket-interface},
553 @internalsref{Staff}.