1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
9 @node Editorial annotations
10 @section Editorial annotations
12 @lilypondfile[quote]{editorial-headword.ly}
14 This section discusses the various ways to change the appearance of
15 notes and add analysis or educational emphasis.
23 @node Inside the staff
24 @subsection Inside the staff
26 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements that are
30 * Selecting notation font size::
31 * Fingering instructions::
38 @node Selecting notation font size
39 @subsubsection Selecting notation font size
42 @cindex font size, selecting
43 @cindex selecting font size
45 The font size of notation elements may be altered. It does not
46 change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or slurs.
48 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
63 @cindex font size scaling
65 Internally, this sets the @code{fontSize} property. This in turns
66 causes the @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout
67 objects. The value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the
68 size relative to the standard size for the current staff height.
69 Each step up is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size.
70 Six steps is exactly a factor two. The Scheme function
71 @code{magstep} converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling
72 factor. The @code{font-size} property can also be set directly,
73 so that only certain layout objects are affected.
75 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
78 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
80 \override Script #'font-size = #2
82 \override Stem #'font-size = #-5
86 @cindex standard font size
87 @cindex font size, standard
89 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
90 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
91 @code{font-size} equals 0), depends on the standard staff height.
92 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
94 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
95 that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
96 @code{font-interface} layout interface.
104 @funindex \normalsize
113 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
115 Internals Reference: @internalsref{font-interface}.
118 @node Fingering instructions
119 @subsubsection Fingering instructions
122 @cindex finger change
124 Fingering instructions can be entered using
125 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
127 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
131 Markup texts may be used for finger changes.
133 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
134 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
139 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music)to indicate that a
140 note should be played with the thumb.
142 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
143 <a_\thumb a'-3>2 <b_\thumb b'-3>
146 @cindex fingering chords
147 @cindex chords, fingering
149 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
150 chord by adding them after the pitches.
152 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
153 < c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5 >2 < d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5 >
156 Fingering instructions may be manually placed above or below the
157 staff, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
161 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
162 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
167 Notation Reference: @ref{Controlling direction and placement}
169 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
171 Internals Reference: @internalsref{Fingering}.
175 @subsubsection Hidden notes
178 @cindex Invisible notes
179 @cindex Transparent notes
181 @funindex \unHideNotes
183 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
184 preparing theory or composition exercises.
186 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
200 @code{\hideNotes}, @code{\unHideNotes}
204 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
207 @node Coloring objects
208 @subsubsection Coloring objects
210 @cindex colored objects
212 @cindex coloring objects
213 @cindex colored notes
214 @cindex coloring notes
215 @cindex notes, colored
217 Individual objects may be assigned colors. You may use the color
218 names listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
220 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
221 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
223 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
225 \override Stem #'color = #blue
231 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
232 the Scheme function @code{x11-color}. The function takes one
233 argument; this can be a symbol in the form @var{'FooBar} or a
234 string in the form @var{"FooBar"}. The first form is quicker to
235 write and is more efficient. However, using the second form it is
236 possible to access X11 colors by the multi-word form of its name.
238 If @code{x11-color} cannot make sense of the parameter then the
239 color returned defaults to black.
241 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
242 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
243 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
244 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
248 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
250 \override Accidental #'color = #(x11-color 'DarkRed)
252 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
254 % this is deliberate nonsense; note that the stems remain black
255 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
259 You can get exact RGB colors by specifying the rgb-color number.
261 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
262 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
263 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
264 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
268 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
271 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
274 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
280 Notation Reference: @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
283 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
286 An x11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
287 similarly named normal color.
289 Not all x11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser i.e. a web browser
290 might not display a difference between 'LimeGreen and 'ForestGreen. For
291 web use normal colors are recommended (i.e. #blue, #green, #red).
294 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
295 @code{\tweak} instead, see @ref{Objects connected to the input}.
299 @subsubsection Parentheses
303 @cindex notes, parenthesized
306 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
307 the music event. This only functions inside chords; to
308 parenthesize a single note it must be enclosed with @code{<>} as
311 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
312 c2 < \parenthesize d>
315 Non-note objects may be parenthesized as well.
317 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
318 < c d g >2-\parenthesize -. d
323 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
331 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
332 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
341 @funindex \stemNeutral
347 @cindex stem, direction
350 @cindex stem, neutral
352 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
353 {default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff.ly}
356 Notation Reference: @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
358 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
361 @node Outside the staff
362 @subsection Outside the staff
364 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements in the staff
365 from outside of the staff.
370 * Analysis brackets::
374 @subsubsection Balloon help
376 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
377 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
380 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
381 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
383 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
385 \balloonGrobText #'Rest #' (-4 . -4) \markup { "I'm a rest" }
387 <c, g'-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } c>2.
391 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
392 @code{balloonText}; The former is used like @code{\once \override} to
393 attach text to any grob, and the latter is used like @code{ \tweak},
394 typically within chords, to attach text to an individual note.
397 @cindex notation, explaining
401 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
403 Internals Reference: @internalsref{text-balloon-interface}.
407 @subsubsection Grid lines
409 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
412 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
417 \consists "Grid_point_engraver"
418 % this sets the grid interval to 1 quarternote (crotchet)
419 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
424 %% by default this centers grid lines horizontally below and to the
425 % left side of the notehead, the grid lines extend from
426 % the middle lines of each staff
427 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
449 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
450 {grid-lines-changing-their-appearance.ly}
455 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
460 @node Analysis brackets
461 @subsubsection Analysis brackets
464 @cindex phrasing brackets
465 @cindex musicological analysis
466 @cindex note grouping bracket
468 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
469 pieces. LilyPond supports a simple form of horizontal brackets.
471 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
474 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
483 Analysis brackets may be nested.
485 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
488 \Staff \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
492 c4\startGroup\startGroup
495 d4\stopGroup\stopGroup
501 Snippets: @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
503 Internals Reference: @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
504 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver}, @internalsref{Staff}.