1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
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11 @node Editorial annotations
12 @section Editorial annotations
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{editorial-headword.ly}
16 This section discusses the various ways to change the appearance of
17 notes and add analysis or educational emphasis.
25 @node Inside the staff
26 @subsection Inside the staff
28 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements that are
32 * Selecting notation font size::
33 * Fingering instructions::
40 @node Selecting notation font size
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec Selecting notation font size
44 @cindex font size, selecting
45 @cindex selecting font size
47 The font size of notation elements may be altered. It does not
48 change the size of variable symbols, such as beams or slurs.
50 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
65 @cindex font size scaling
67 Internally, this sets the @code{fontSize} property. This in turn
68 causes the @code{font-size} property to be set in all layout
69 objects. The value of @code{font-size} is a number indicating the
70 size relative to the standard size for the current staff height.
71 Each step up is an increase of approximately 12% of the font size.
72 Six steps is exactly a factor of two. The Scheme function
73 @code{magstep} converts a @code{font-size} number to a scaling
74 factor. The @code{font-size} property can also be set directly,
75 so that only certain layout objects are affected.
77 @lilypond[quote,fragment,relative=2,verbatim,ragged-right]
80 \override NoteHead #'font-size = #-4
82 \override Script #'font-size = #2
84 \override Stem #'font-size = #-5
88 @cindex standard font size
89 @cindex font size, standard
91 Font size changes are achieved by scaling the design size that is
92 closest to the desired size. The standard font size (for
93 @code{font-size = #0}), depends on the standard staff height.
94 For a 20pt staff, a 10pt font is selected.
96 The @code{font-size} property can only be set on layout objects
97 that use fonts. These are the ones supporting the
98 @code{font-interface} layout interface.
108 @funindex \normalsize
118 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
121 @internalsref{font-interface}.
124 @node Fingering instructions
125 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingering instructions
128 @cindex finger change
130 Fingering instructions can be entered using
131 @var{note}-@var{digit}:
133 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
137 Markup texts may be used for finger changes.
139 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
140 c4-1 d-2 f-4 c^\markup { \finger "2 - 3" }
145 You can use the thumb-script (e.g., in cello music) to indicate that a
146 note should be played with the thumb.
148 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
149 <a_\thumb a'-3>2 <b_\thumb b'-3>
152 @cindex fingering chords
153 @cindex chords, fingering
155 Fingerings for chords can also be added to individual notes of the
156 chord by adding them after the pitches.
158 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
159 <c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5>2 <d-1 f-2 a-3 c-5>
162 Fingering instructions may be manually placed above or below the
163 staff, see @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
167 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
168 {controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
174 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}
177 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
180 @internalsref{FingeringEvent},
181 @internalsref{fingering-event},
182 @internalsref{Fingering_engraver},
183 @internalsref{New_fingering_engraver},
184 @internalsref{Fingering}.
188 @unnumberedsubsubsec Hidden notes
191 @cindex Invisible notes
192 @cindex Transparent notes
194 @funindex \unHideNotes
196 Hidden (or invisible or transparent) notes can be useful in
197 preparing theory or composition exercises.
199 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
213 @code{\hideNotes}, @code{\unHideNotes}
218 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
221 @internalsref{Note_spacing_engraver},
222 @internalsref{NoteSpacing}.
225 @node Coloring objects
226 @unnumberedsubsubsec Coloring objects
228 @cindex colored objects
230 @cindex coloring objects
231 @cindex colored notes
232 @cindex coloring notes
233 @cindex notes, colored
235 Individual objects may be assigned colors. Valid color names
236 are listed in the @ref{List of colors}.
238 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
239 \override NoteHead #'color = #red
241 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color 'LimeGreen)
243 \override Stem #'color = #blue
249 The full range of colors defined for X11 can be accessed by using
250 the Scheme function @code{x11-color}. The function takes one
251 argument; this can be a symbol in the form @var{'FooBar} or a
252 string in the form @var{"FooBar"}. The first form is quicker to
253 write and is more efficient. However, using the second form it is
254 possible to access X11 colors by the multi-word form of its name.
256 If @code{x11-color} cannot make sense of the parameter then the
257 color returned defaults to black.
259 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
260 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
261 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
262 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
266 \override Beam #'color = #(x11-color "medium turquoise")
268 \override Accidental #'color = #(x11-color 'DarkRed)
270 \override NoteHead #'color = #(x11-color "LimeGreen")
272 % this is deliberate nonsense; note that the stems remain black
273 \override Stem #'color = #(x11-color 'Boggle)
277 Exact RGB colors can be specified using the Scheme function
280 @lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
281 \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'color = #(x11-color 'SlateBlue2)
282 \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
283 \with-color #(x11-color 'navy) "Clarinet"
287 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0)
290 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 1 1 1)
293 \override Stem #'color = #(rgb-color 0 0 0.5)
300 @ref{List of colors}, @ref{Objects connected to
304 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
307 An X11 color is not necessarily exactly the same shade as a
308 similarly named normal color.
310 Not all X11 colors are distinguishable in a web browser, i.e.,
311 a web browser might not display a difference between @code{'LimeGreen}
312 and @code{'ForestGreen}. For web use normal colors are recommended
313 (i.e., @code{#blue}, @code{#green}, @code{#red}).
316 Notes in a chord cannot be colored with @code{\override}; use
317 @code{\tweak} instead, see @ref{Objects connected to the input}.
321 @unnumberedsubsubsec Parentheses
325 @cindex notes, parenthesized
328 Objects may be parenthesized by prefixing @code{\parenthesize} to
329 the music event. When applied to a chord, it parenthesizes every
332 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
334 c2 \parenthesize <c e g>
337 Non-note objects may be parenthesized as well.
339 @lilypond[quote,relative=2,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
340 c2-\parenthesize -. d
347 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
350 @internalsref{Parenthesis_engraver},
351 @internalsref{ParenthesesItem},
352 @internalsref{parentheses-interface}.
356 @unnumberedsubsubsec Stems
360 Whenever a note is found, a @code{Stem} object is created
361 automatically. For whole notes and rests, they are also created but
370 @funindex \stemNeutral
376 @cindex stem, direction
379 @cindex stem, neutral
381 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
382 {default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff.ly}
386 @ref{Controlling direction and placement}.
389 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
392 @internalsref{Stem_engraver},
394 @internalsref{stem-interface}.
397 @node Outside the staff
398 @subsection Outside the staff
400 This section discusses how to add emphasis to elements in the staff
401 from outside of the staff.
406 * Analysis brackets::
410 @unnumberedsubsubsec Balloon help
412 Elements of notation can be marked and named with the help of a
413 square balloon. The primary purpose of this feature is to explain
416 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,ragged-right,relative=2]
417 \new Voice \with { \consists "Balloon_engraver" }
419 \balloonGrobText #'Stem #'(3 . 4) \markup { "I'm a Stem" }
421 \balloonGrobText #'Rest #'(-4 . -4) \markup { "I'm a rest" }
423 <c, g'-\balloonText #'(-2 . -2) \markup { "I'm a note head" } c>2.
427 There are two music functions, @code{balloonGrobText} and
428 @code{balloonText}; the former is used like @code{\once \override} to
429 attach text to any grob, and the latter is used like @code{\tweak},
430 typically within chords, to attach text to an individual note.
433 @cindex notation, explaining
438 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
441 @internalsref{Balloon_engraver},
442 @internalsref{BalloonTextItem},
443 @internalsref{balloon-interface}.
447 @unnumberedsubsubsec Grid lines
449 Vertical lines can be drawn between staves synchronized with the
452 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
457 \consists "Grid_point_engraver"
458 % set the grid interval to one quarter note
459 gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
463 % by default this centers grid lines horizontally below
464 % and to the left side of the note head, the grid lines
465 % extending from the middle lines of each staff
466 \consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
472 \new Staff \relative c'' {
476 \new Staff \relative c {
487 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
488 {grid-lines-changing-their-appearance.ly}
494 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
497 @internalsref{Grid_line_span_engraver},
498 @internalsref{Grid_point_engraver},
499 @internalsref{GridLine},
500 @internalsref{GridPoint},
501 @internalsref{grid-line-interface},
502 @internalsref{grid-point-interface}.
505 @node Analysis brackets
506 @unnumberedsubsubsec Analysis brackets
509 @cindex phrasing brackets
510 @cindex musicological analysis
511 @cindex note grouping bracket
513 Brackets are used in musical analysis to indicate structure in musical
514 pieces. Simple horizontal brackets are supported.
516 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
520 \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
529 Analysis brackets may be nested.
531 @lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
535 \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
539 c4\startGroup\startGroup
542 d4\stopGroup\stopGroup
549 @lsrdir{Editorial,Editorial-annotations}.
552 @internalsref{Horizontal_bracket_engraver},
553 @internalsref{HorizontalBracket},
554 @internalsref{horizontal-bracket-interface},
555 @internalsref{Staff}.