1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
12 @node Wind instruments
13 @section Wind instruments
15 @lilypondfile[quote]{wind-headword.ly}
17 This section includes some elements of music notation that arise when
21 * Common notation for wind instruments::
26 @node Common notation for wind instruments
27 @subsection Common notation for wind instruments
29 This section discusses some issues common to most wind instruments.
32 * References for wind instruments::
36 @node References for wind instruments
37 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for wind instruments
39 @cindex wind instruments
41 Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and
45 @item Breathing can be specified by rests or @ref{Breath marks}.
46 @item Legato playing is indicated by @ref{Slurs}.
47 @item Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to
48 staccato are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined
49 with slurs, see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations} and @ref{List of
51 @item Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark
52 and a text markup on the note. See @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
55 There are also other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind
59 @item Many wind instruments are transposing instruments, see
60 @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
61 @item The slide glissando are characteristic of the trombone, but other
62 winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See @ref{Glissando}.
63 @item Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass
64 instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as
66 @item Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in @ref{Falls
68 @item Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the @code{cross} style
69 of @ref{Special note heads}.
70 @item Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
71 shown by the @code{flageolet} articulation. See @ref{List of articulations}.
72 @item The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
73 where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
74 @code{stopped} and @code{open} articulations. See @ref{Articulations and
75 ornamentations} and @ref{List of articulations}.
76 @item Stopped horns are indicated by the @code{stopped} articulation.
77 See @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
82 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
83 {changing--flageolet-mark-size.ly}
90 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
91 @ref{List of articulations},
92 @ref{Tremolo repeats},
93 @ref{Instrument transpositions},
96 @ref{Falls and doits},
97 @ref{Special note heads},
104 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingerings
106 All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several
107 fingers to produce each pitch. Some fingering helps are shown in
110 Woodwind diagrams can be produced and are described in
111 @ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
115 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
116 {fingering-symbols-for-wind-instruments.ly}
118 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
119 {recorder-fingering-chart.ly}
124 @ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
133 This section includes extra information for writing for bagpipes.
136 * Bagpipe definitions::
140 @node Bagpipe definitions
141 @unnumberedsubsubsec Bagpipe definitions
144 @cindex Scottish highland bagpipe
148 @funindex \hideKeySignature
149 @funindex hideKeySignature
150 @funindex \showKeySignature
151 @funindex showKeySignature
153 LilyPond contains special definitions for music for the Scottish
154 highland bagpipe; to use them, add
157 \include "bagpipe.ly"
161 at the top of your input file. This lets you add the special grace notes
162 common to bagpipe music with short commands. For example, you could
163 write @code{\taor} instead of
166 \grace @{ \small G32[ d G e] @}
169 @code{bagpipe.ly} also contains pitch definitions for the bagpipe
170 notes in the appropriate octaves, so you do not need to worry about
171 @code{\relative} or @code{\transpose}.
173 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,notime]
174 \include "bagpipe.ly"
175 { \grg G4 \grg a \grg b \grg c \grg d \grg e \grg f \grA g A }
178 Bagpipe music nominally uses the key of D Major (even though that
179 isn't really true). However, since that is the only key that can be used,
180 the key signature is normally not written out. To set this up correctly,
181 always start your music with @code{\hideKeySignature}. If you for some
182 reason want to show the key signature, you can use @code{\showKeySignature}
185 Some modern music use cross fingering on c and f to flatten those notes.
186 This can be indicated by @code{cflat} or @code{fflat}. Similarly, the
187 piobaireachd high g can be written @code{gflat} when it occurs in light
195 @node Bagpipe example
196 @unnumberedsubsubsec Bagpipe example
198 @cindex bagpipe example
199 @cindex Amazing Grace bagpipe example
201 This is what the well known tune Amazing Grace looks like in bagpipe
204 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
205 \include "bagpipe.ly"
208 \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" }
212 title = "Amazing Grace"
214 arranger = "Trad. arr."
220 \grg \partial 4 a8. d16
221 \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
225 \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
229 \grg A2 \hdblf f8[ e32 d16.]
233 \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
246 @subsection Woodwinds
248 This section describes notation specifically for woodwinds.
251 * Woodwind diagrams::
254 @node Woodwind diagrams
255 @subsubsection Woodwind diagrams
257 Woodwind diagrams can be used to indicate the fingering to be used
258 to play specific notes. Woodwind diagrams are available for most woodwind
261 Woodwind diagrams are available for the following instruments:
275 The diagrams and the scheme instrument names are shown in the snippet below.
277 Woodwind diagrams are created as markups:
280 @lilypond[verbatim, quote, relative=2]
281 c1^ \markup \woodwind-diagram #'piccolo #'((lh . (gis))
286 Keys can be open, partially-covered, ring-depressed, or fully covered:
288 @lilypond [verbatim, quote, relative=2]
290 c1^ \markup \center-column {
292 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1q))
296 c1^ \markup \center-column {
298 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1h))
302 c1^ \markup \center-column {
304 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one3q))
308 c1^ \markup \center-column {
310 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneR))
314 c1^ \markup \center-column {
316 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneF two))
322 Trills are indicated in the woodwind diagrams as shaded keys:
324 @lilypond [verbatim, quote, relative=2]
325 c1^ \markup \woodwind-diagram #'bass-clarinet
326 #'((cc . (threeT four))
331 A variety of trills can be displayed:
333 @lilypond [verbatim, quote, relative=2]
335 c1^ \markup \center-column {
336 "one quarter to ring"
337 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qTR))
341 c1^ \markup \center-column {
343 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneTR))
347 c1^ \markup \center-column {
349 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneRT))
353 c1^ \markup \center-column {
355 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneT))
359 c1^ \markup \center-column {
360 "one quarter to three quarters"
361 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qT3q))
367 The list of all possible keys and settings for a given instrument
368 can be displayed on the console or in the log file, although they
369 will not show up in the music output:
371 @lilypond[verbatim, quote]
373 #(print-keys-verbose 'flute)
377 New diagrams can be created by following the patterns in
378 @file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm} and
379 @file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}. However, this will
380 require Scheme ability and may not be accessible to all users.
386 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
387 {woodwind-diagrams-listing.ly}
389 @lilypondfile[verbatim, lilyquote, texidoc, doctitle]
390 {graphical-and-text-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
392 @lilypondfile[verbatim, lilyquote, texidoc, doctitle]
393 {changing-the-size-of-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
395 @lilypondfile[verbatim, lilyquote, texidoc, doctitle]
396 {woodwind-diagrams-key-lists.ly}
401 @file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm},
402 @file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}.
404 Snippets: @rlsr{Winds}.
407 @rinternals{TextScript},
408 @rinternals{instrument-specific-markup-interface}.