Merge branch 'lilypond/translation' of ssh://git.sv.gnu.org/srv/git/lilypond into...

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / notation / notation-appendices.itely

@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-

@ignore
    Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH

    When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
    version that you are working on.  See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore

@c \version "2.12.0"

@node Notation manual tables
@appendix Notation manual tables

@c Please do not delete the following @ignore block.
@ignore
Note for editors and translators: In the following menu, two entries
are needed to link to a pair of automatically generated sections.
Please keep them and, if using emacs, do not run
texinfo-all-menus-update without manually restoring them back. These
menu entries are:

* Text markup commands::
* Text markup list commands::

and they should go just after
* Note head styles::

and just before
* List of articulations::
@end ignore

@menu
* Chord name chart::
* Common chord modifiers::
* Predefined fretboard diagrams::
* MIDI instruments::
* List of colors::
* The Feta font::
* Note head styles::
* Text markup commands::
* Text markup list commands::
* List of articulations::
* Percussion notes::
* Technical glossary::
* All context properties::
* Layout properties::
* Identifiers::
* Scheme functions::
@end menu



@node Chord name chart
@appendixsec Chord name chart

The following charts shows two standard systems for printing chord
names, along with the pitches they represent.

@lilypondfile{chord-names-jazz.ly}

@node Common chord modifiers
@appendixsec Common chord modifiers

The following table shows chord modifiers that can be used in
@code{\chordmode} to generate standard chord structures.

@multitable @columnfractions .2 .3 .2 .2

@item
@b{Chord type}
@tab
@b{Intervals}
@tab
@b{Modifier(s)}
@tab
@b{Example}


@item
Major
@tab
Major third, perfect fifth
@tab
@code{5} or nothing
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:5
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor
@tab
Minor third, perfect fifth
@tab
@code{m} or @code{m5}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m
}
@end lilypond

@item
Augmented
@tab
Major third, augmented fifth
@tab
@code{aug}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:aug
}
@end lilypond

@item
Diminished
@tab
Minor third, diminished fifth
@tab
@code{dim}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:dim
}
@end lilypond

@item
Dominant seventh
@tab
Major triad, minor seventh
@tab
@code{7}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:7
}
@end lilypond

@item
Major seventh
@tab
Major triad, major seventh
@tab
@code{maj7} or @code{maj}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:maj7
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor seventh
@tab
Minor triad, minor seventh
@tab
@code{m7}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m7
}
@end lilypond

@item
Diminished seventh
@tab
Diminished triad, diminished seventh
@tab
@code{dim7}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:dim7
}
@end lilypond

@item
Augmented seventh
@tab
Augmented triad, minor seventh
@tab
@code{aug7}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:aug7
}
@end lilypond

@item
Half-diminished seventh
@tab
Diminished triad, minor seventh
@tab
@code{m7.5-}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m7.5-
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor-major seventh
@tab
Minor triad, major seventh
@tab
@code{maj7.5-}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:maj7.5-
}
@end lilypond

@item
Major sixth
@tab
Major triad, sixth
@tab
@code{6}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:6
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor sixth
@tab
Minor triad, sixth
@tab
@code{m6}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m6
}
@end lilypond

@item
Dominant ninth
@tab
Dominant seventh, major ninth
@tab
@code{9}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:9
}
@end lilypond

@item
Major ninth
@tab
Major seventh, major ninth
@tab
@code{maj9}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:maj9
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor ninth
@tab
Minor seventh, major ninth
@tab
@code{m9}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m9
}
@end lilypond

@item
Dominant eleventh
@tab
Dominant ninth, perfect eleventh
@tab
@code{11}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:11
}
@end lilypond

@item
Major eleventh
@tab
Major ninth, perfect eleventh
@tab
@code{maj11}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:maj11
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor eleventh
@tab
Minor ninth, perfect eleventh
@tab
@code{m11}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m11
}
@end lilypond

@item
Dominant thirteenth
@tab
Dominant ninth, major thirteenth
@tab
@code{13}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:13
}
@end lilypond

@item
Dominant thirteenth
@tab
Dominant eleventh, major thirteenth
@tab
@code{13.11}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:13.11
}
@end lilypond

@item
Major thirteenth
@tab
Major eleventh, major thirteenth
@tab
@code{maj13.11}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:maj13.11
}
@end lilypond

@item
Minor thirteenth
@tab
Minor eleventh, major thirteenth
@tab
@code{m13.11}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:m13.11
}
@end lilypond

@item
Suspended second
@tab
Major second, perfect fifth
@tab
@code{sus2}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:sus2
}
@end lilypond

@item
Suspended fourth
@tab
Perfect fourth, perfect fifth
@tab
@code{sus4}
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
\chordmode {
  c1:sus4
}
@end lilypond


@end multitable

@node Predefined fretboard diagrams
@appendixsec Predefined fretboard diagrams

The chart below shows the predefined fretboard diagrams.

@lilypondfile{display-predefined-fretboards.ly}

@node MIDI instruments
@appendixsec MIDI instruments

The following is a list of names that can be used for the
@code{midiInstrument} property.

@example
acoustic grand            contrabass           lead 7 (fifths)
bright acoustic           tremolo strings      lead 8 (bass+lead)
electric grand            pizzicato strings    pad 1 (new age)
honky-tonk                orchestral harp      pad 2 (warm)
electric piano 1          timpani              pad 3 (polysynth)
electric piano 2          string ensemble 1    pad 4 (choir)
harpsichord               string ensemble 2    pad 5 (bowed)
clav                      synthstrings 1       pad 6 (metallic)
celesta                   synthstrings 2       pad 7 (halo)
glockenspiel              choir aahs           pad 8 (sweep)
music box                 voice oohs           fx 1 (rain)
vibraphone                synth voice          fx 2 (soundtrack)
marimba                   orchestra hit        fx 3 (crystal)
xylophone                 trumpet              fx 4 (atmosphere)
tubular bells             trombone             fx 5 (brightness)
dulcimer                  tuba                 fx 6 (goblins)
drawbar organ             muted trumpet        fx 7 (echoes)
percussive organ          french horn          fx 8 (sci-fi)
rock organ                brass section        sitar
church organ              synthbrass 1         banjo
reed organ                synthbrass 2         shamisen
accordion                 soprano sax          koto
harmonica                 alto sax             kalimba
concertina                tenor sax            bagpipe
acoustic guitar (nylon)   baritone sax         fiddle
acoustic guitar (steel)   oboe                 shanai
electric guitar (jazz)    english horn         tinkle bell
electric guitar (clean)   bassoon              agogo
electric guitar (muted)   clarinet             steel drums
overdriven guitar         piccolo              woodblock
distorted guitar          flute                taiko drum
guitar harmonics          recorder             melodic tom
acoustic bass             pan flute            synth drum
electric bass (finger)    blown bottle         reverse cymbal
electric bass (pick)      shakuhachi           guitar fret noise
fretless bass             whistle              breath noise
slap bass 1               ocarina              seashore
slap bass 2               lead 1 (square)      bird tweet
synth bass 1              lead 2 (sawtooth)    telephone ring
synth bass 2              lead 3 (calliope)    helicopter
violin                    lead 4 (chiff)       applause
viola                     lead 5 (charang)     gunshot
cello                     lead 6 (voice)
@end example


@node List of colors
@appendixsec List of colors

@subsubheading Normal colors

Usage syntax is detailed in @ref{Coloring objects}.

@cindex List of colors
@cindex Colors, list of

@verbatim
black       white          red         green
blue        cyan           magenta     yellow
grey        darkred        darkgreen   darkblue
darkcyan    darkmagenta    darkyellow
@end verbatim


@subsubheading X color names

X color names come several variants:

Any name that is spelled as a single word with capitalization
(e.g. @q{LightSlateBlue}) can also be spelled as space separated
words without capitalization (e.g. @q{light slate blue}).

The word @q{grey} can always be spelled @q{gray} (e.g. @q{DarkSlateGray}).

Some names can take a numerical suffix (e.g. @q{LightSalmon4}).


@subsubheading Color Names without a numerical suffix:

@verbatim
snow            GhostWhite      WhiteSmoke      gainsboro       FloralWhite
OldLace         linen           AntiqueWhite    PapayaWhip      BlanchedAlmond
bisque          PeachPuff       NavajoWhite     moccasin        cornsilk
ivory           LemonChiffon    seashell        honeydew        MintCream
azure           AliceBlue       lavender        LavenderBlush   MistyRose
white           black           DarkSlateGrey   DimGrey         SlateGrey
LightSlateGrey  grey            LightGrey       MidnightBlue    navy
NavyBlue        CornflowerBlue  DarkSlateBlue   SlateBlue       MediumSlateBlue
LightSlateBlue  MediumBlue      RoyalBlue       blue            DodgerBlue
DeepSkyBlue     SkyBlue         LightSkyBlue    SteelBlue       LightSteelBlue
LightBlue       PowderBlue      PaleTurquoise   DarkTurquoise   MediumTurquoise
turquoise       cyan            LightCyan       CadetBlue       MediumAquamarine
aquamarine      DarkGreen       DarkOliveGreen  DarkSeaGreen    SeaGreen
MediumSeaGreen  LightSeaGreen   PaleGreen       SpringGreen     LawnGreen
green           chartreuse      MediumSpringGreen       GreenYellow     LimeGreen
YellowGreen     ForestGreen     OliveDrab       DarkKhaki       khaki
PaleGoldenrod   LightGoldenrodYellow    LightYellow     yellow  gold
LightGoldenrod  goldenrod       DarkGoldenrod   RosyBrown       IndianRed
SaddleBrown     sienna          peru            burlywood       beige
wheat           SandyBrown      tan             chocolate       firebrick
brown           DarkSalmon      salmon          LightSalmon     orange
DarkOrange      coral           LightCoral      tomato          OrangeRed
red             HotPink         DeepPink        pink            LightPink
PaleVioletRed   maroon          MediumVioletRed VioletRed       magenta
violet          plum            orchid          MediumOrchid    DarkOrchid
DarkViolet      BlueViolet      purple          MediumPurple    thistle
DarkGrey        DarkBlue        DarkCyan        DarkMagenta     DarkRed
LightGreen
@end verbatim


@subsubheading Color names with a numerical suffix

In the following names the suffix N can be a number in the range 1-4:

@verbatim
snowN           seashellN       AntiqueWhiteN   bisqueN         PeachPuffN
NavajoWhiteN    LemonChiffonN   cornsilkN       ivoryN          honeydewN
LavenderBlushN  MistyRoseN      azureN          SlateBlueN      RoyalBlueN
blueN           DodgerBlueN     SteelBlueN      DeepSkyBlueN    SkyBlueN
LightSkyBlueN   LightSteelBlueN LightBlueN      LightCyanN      PaleTurquoiseN
CadetBlueN      turquoiseN      cyanN           aquamarineN     DarkSeaGreenN
SeaGreenN       PaleGreenN      SpringGreenN    greenN          chartreuseN
OliveDrabN      DarkOliveGreenN khakiN          LightGoldenrodN LightYellowN
yellowN         goldN           goldenrodN      DarkGoldenrodN  RosyBrownN
IndianRedN      siennaN         burlywoodN      wheatN          tanN
chocolateN      firebrickN      brownN          salmonN         LightSalmonN
orangeN         DarkOrangeN     coralN          tomatoN         OrangeRedN
redN            DeepPinkN       HotPinkN        pinkN           LightPinkN
PaleVioletRedN  maroonN         VioletRedN      magentaN        orchidN
plumN           MediumOrchidN   DarkOrchidN     purpleN         MediumPurpleN
thistleN
@end verbatim


@subsubheading Grey Scale

A grey scale can be obtained using:

@example
greyN
@end example

@noindent
Where N is in the range 0-100.


@node The Feta font
@appendixsec The Feta font

@cindex Feta font
@cindex Font, Feta

The following symbols are available in the Emmentaler font and may be
accessed directly using text markup such as @code{g^\markup @{
\musicglyph #"scripts.segno" @}}, see @ref{Formatting text}.


@menu
* Clef glyphs::
* Time Signature glyphs::
* Number glyphs::
* Accidental glyphs::
* Default Notehead glyphs::
* Special Notehead glyphs::
* Shape-note Notehead glyphs::
* Rest glyphs::
* Flag glyphs::
* Dot glyphs::
* Dynamic glyphs::
* Script glyphs::
* Arrowhead glyphs::
* Bracket-tip glyphs::
* Pedal glyphs::
* Accordion glyphs::
* Vaticana glyphs::
* Medicaea glyphs::
* Hufnagel glyphs::
* Mensural glyphs::
* Neomensural glyphs::
* Petrucci glyphs::
* Solesmes glyphs::
@end menu


@node Clef glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Clef glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #clefs
@end lilypond


@node Time Signature glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Time Signature glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #timesig
@end lilypond


@node Number glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Number glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #numbers
@end lilypond


@node Accidental glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Accidental glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #accidentals
@end lilypond


@node Default Notehead glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Default Notehead glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #default-noteheads
@end lilypond


@node Special Notehead glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Special Notehead glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #special-noteheads
@end lilypond


@node Shape-note Notehead glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Shape-note Notehead glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #shape-note-noteheads
@end lilypond


@node Rest glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Rest glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #rests
@end lilypond


@node Flag glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Flag glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #flags
@end lilypond


@node Dot glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Dot glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #dots
@end lilypond


@node Dynamic glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Dynamic glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #dynamics
@end lilypond


@node Script glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Script glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #scripts
@end lilypond


@node Arrowhead glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Arrowhead glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #arrowheads
@end lilypond


@node Bracket-tip glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Bracket-tip glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #brackettips
@end lilypond


@node Pedal glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Pedal glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #pedal
@end lilypond


@node Accordion glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Accordion glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #accordion
@end lilypond


@node Vaticana glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Vaticana glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #vaticana
@end lilypond


@node Medicaea glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Medicaea glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #medicaea
@end lilypond


@node Hufnagel glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Hufnagel glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #hufnagel
@end lilypond


@node Mensural glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Mensural glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #mensural
@end lilypond


@node Neomensural glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Neomensural glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #neomensural
@end lilypond


@node Petrucci glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Petrucci glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #petrucci
@end lilypond


@node Solesmes glyphs
@unnumberedsubsec Solesmes glyphs

@lilypond[quote]
\include "font-table.ly"
\markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
             \doc-chars #solesmes
@end lilypond


@node Note head styles
@appendixsec Note head styles

@cindex note head styles
The following styles may be used for note heads.

@lilypondfile[noindent]{note-head-style.ly}

@include markup-commands.tely

@include markup-list-commands.tely

@node List of articulations
@appendixsec List of articulations

@cindex accent
@cindex marcato
@cindex staccatissimo
@cindex espressivo
@cindex fermata
@cindex stopped
@cindex staccato
@cindex portato
@cindex tenuto
@cindex upbow
@cindex downbow
@cindex foot marks
@cindex organ pedal marks
@cindex turn
@cindex open
@cindex stopped
@cindex flageolet
@cindex reverseturn
@cindex trill
@cindex prall
@cindex mordent
@cindex prallprall
@cindex prallmordent
@cindex prall, up
@cindex prall, down
@cindex thumb marking
@cindex segno
@cindex coda
@cindex varcoda


@lilypondfile[quote,texidoc]{script-chart.ly}


@node Percussion notes
@appendixsec Percussion notes

@lilypondfile[quote]{percussion-chart.ly}


@node Technical glossary
@appendixsec Technical glossary

A glossary of the technical terms and concepts used internally.

@menu
* callback::
* glyph::
* grob::
* lexer::
* output-def::
* parser::
* parser variable::
* prob::
* simple-closure::
* smob::
* stencil::
@end menu

@node callback
@unnumberedsubsec callback

@cindex callback

A @strong{callback} is a routine, function or method whose reference is
passed as an argument in a call to another routine, so allowing
the called routine to invoke it.  The technique enables a lower-
level software layer to call a function defined in a higher
layer.  Callbacks are used extensively in LilyPond to permit
user-level Scheme code to define how many low-level actions are
performed.

@node glyph
@unnumberedsubsec glyph

@cindex glyph
@cindex font
@cindex typeface

A @strong{glyph} is a particular graphical representation of a typographic
character, or a combination of two characters formating a ligature.
A set of glyphs with a single style and shape comprise a font, and
a set of fonts covering several styles and sizes comprise a typeface.

@node grob
@unnumberedsubsec grob

@cindex grob
@cindex layout objects
@cindex graphical objects

LilyPond objects which represent items of notation in the printed
output such as note heads, stems, slurs, ties, fingering, clefs,
etc are called @q{Layout objects}, often known as @q{GRaphical
OBjects}, or @strong{grobs} for short.

@node lexer
@unnumberedsubsec lexer

@cindex lexer

A @strong{lexer} is a program which converts a sequence of
characters into a sequence of tokens, a process called lexical
analysis.  The LilyPond lexer converts an input @code{.ly} file
into a tokenized file more suited to the next stage of processing,
parsing, see @ref{parser}.

@node output-def
@unnumberedsubsec output-def
TODO

@node parser
@unnumberedsubsec parser

@cindex parser

A @strong{parser} analyzes the sequence of tokens produced by
a lexer to determine its grammatical structure as defined by the
rules governing the format of an input file.

@node parser variable
@unnumberedsubsec parser variable

These are variables defined directly in Scheme.  Their direct
use by users is strongly discouraged, because their scoping
semantics can be confusing.

When the value of such a variable is changed in a @code{.ly} file,
the change is global, and unless explicitly reverted, the new value
will persist to the end of the file, affecting subsequent
@code{\score} blocks as well as external files added with the
@code{\include} command.  This can lead to unintended consequences
and in complex typesetting projects the consequent errors can be
difficult to track down.

LilyPond uses the following parser variables:

@itemize
@item afterGraceFraction
@item musicQuotes
@item mode
@item output-count
@item output-suffix
@item parseStringResult
@item partCombineListener
@item pitchnames
@item toplevel-bookparts
@item toplevel-scores
@item showLastLength
@item showFirstLength
@end itemize

@node prob
@unnumberedsubsec prob
TODO

@node simple-closure
@unnumberedsubsec simple-closure
TODO

@node smob
@unnumberedsubsec smob
TODO

@node stencil
@unnumberedsubsec stencil
TODO


@node All context properties
@appendixsec All context properties

@include context-properties.tely


@node Layout properties
@appendixsec Layout properties

@include layout-properties.tely


@node Identifiers
@appendixsec Identifiers

@include identifiers.tely


@node Scheme functions
@appendixsec Scheme functions

@include scheme-functions.tely