1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
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12 @node Expressive marks
13 @section Expressive marks
15 @lilypondfile[quote]{expressive-headword.ly}
17 This section lists various expressive marks that can be
21 * Expressive marks attached to notes::
22 * Expressive marks as curves::
23 * Expressive marks as lines::
27 @node Expressive marks attached to notes
28 @subsection Expressive marks attached to notes
30 This section explains how to create expressive marks that are
31 attached to notes: articulations, ornamentations, and dynamics.
32 Methods to create new dynamic markings are also discussed.
35 * Articulations and ornamentations::
40 @node Articulations and ornamentations
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations and ornamentations
52 @cindex organ pedal marks
53 @cindex pedal marks, organ
75 @funindex \staccatissimo
91 @funindex \snappizzicato
93 @funindex \reverseturn
98 @funindex \prallmordent
102 @funindex \downmordent
106 @funindex \signumcongruentiae
107 @funindex \shortfermata
109 @funindex \longfermata
110 @funindex \verylongfermata
111 @funindex \fermataMarkup
119 A variety of symbols that denote articulations, ornamentations,
120 and other performance indications can be attached to a note using
124 @var{note}\@var{name}
127 The possible values for @code{@var{name}} are listed in
128 @ref{List of articulations}. For example:
130 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
131 c4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn
137 @cindex staccatissimo
142 Some of these articulations have shorthands for easier entry.
143 Shorthands are appended to the note name, and their syntax
144 consists of a dash @code{-} followed by a symbol signifying the
145 articulation. Predefined shorthands exist for @notation{marcato},
146 @notation{stopped}, @notation{tenuto}, @notation{staccatissimo},
147 @notation{accent}, @notation{staccato}, and @notation{portato}.
148 Their corresponding output appears as follows:
150 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
155 The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined
156 in @file{scm/script.scm}. Articulations and ornamentations
157 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
158 @ref{Direction and placement}.
160 Articulations are @code{Script} objects. Their properties are
161 described more fully in @rinternals{Script}.
163 Articulations can be attached to rests as well as notes but they
164 cannot be attached to multi-measure rests. A special predefined
165 command, @code{\fermataMarkup}, is available for attaching a fermata
166 to a multi-measure rest (and only a multi-measure rest). This
167 creates a @code{MultiMeasureRestText} object.
169 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
170 \override Script.color = #red
171 \override MultiMeasureRestText.color = #blue
176 In addition to articulations, text and markups can be attached to
177 notes. See @ref{Text scripts}.
179 For more information about the ordering of Scripts and TextScripts that
180 are attached to the notes, see @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
184 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
185 {modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation.ly}
187 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
188 {controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly}
190 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
191 {creating-a-delayed-turn.ly}
201 @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
205 @ref{Direction and placement},
206 @ref{List of articulations},
210 @file{scm/script.scm}.
213 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
217 @rinternals{TextScript}.
221 @unnumberedsubsubsec Dynamics
223 @cindex absolute dynamics
225 @cindex dynamics, absolute
266 Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note,
267 such as @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are
268 @code{\ppppp}, @code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p},
269 @code{\mp}, @code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff},
270 @code{\ffff}, @code{\fffff}, @code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff},
271 @code{\sp}, @code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. Dynamic
272 marks may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
273 @ref{Direction and placement}.
275 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
294 A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
295 terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional
296 crescendo or decrescendo mark. A @notation{decrescendo} mark is
297 started with @code{\>} and is also terminated with @code{\!}, an
298 absolute dynamic, or another crescendo or decrescendo mark.
299 @code{\cr} and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and
300 @code{\>}. @notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this
303 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
313 A hairpin that is terminated with @code{\!} will end at the
314 right edge of the note that has the @code{\!} assigned to it. In the
315 case where it is terminated with the start of another @notation{crescendo}
316 or @notation{decrescendo} mark, it will end at the centre of the note
317 that has the next @code{\<} or @code{\>} assigned to it. The next
318 hairpin will then start at the right edge of the same note
319 instead of the usual left edge had it been terminated with @code{\!}
322 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
323 c1\< | c4 a c\< a | c4 a c\! a\< | c4 a c a\!
326 Hairpins that are terminated with absolute dynamic marks instead of
327 @code{\!} will also be engraved in a similar way. However, the length
328 of the absolute dynamic itself can alter where the preceding hairpin
331 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
332 c1\< | c4 a c\mf a | c1\< | c4 a c\ffff a
335 @cindex multiple dynamic marks on one note
336 @cindex dynamic marks, multiple on one note
337 Spacer rests are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
338 This is particularly useful when adding a @notation{crescendo} and
339 @notation{decrescendo} to the same note:
341 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
343 << f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
346 @cindex espressivo articulation
348 @funindex \espressivo
351 The @code{\espressivo} command can be used to indicate a crescendo
352 and decrescendo on the same note. However, be warned that this is
353 implemented as an articulation, not a dynamic.
355 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
366 Textual crescendo marks begin with @code{\cresc}.
367 Textual decrescendos begin with @code{\decresc} or @code{\dim}.
368 Extender lines are engraved as required.
370 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
371 g8\cresc a b c b c d e\mf |
372 f8\decresc e d c e\> d c b |
377 @funindex \crescTextCresc
378 @funindex crescTextCresc
379 @funindex \dimTextDecresc
380 @funindex dimTextDecresc
381 @funindex \dimTextDecr
382 @funindex dimTextDecr
383 @funindex \dimTextDim
385 @funindex \crescHairpin
386 @funindex crescHairpin
387 @funindex \dimHairpin
390 Textual marks for dynamic changes can also replace hairpins:
391 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
406 To create new absolute dynamic marks or text that should be
407 aligned with dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
409 @cindex dynamics, vertical positioning
410 @cindex vertical positioning of dynamics
412 @funindex DynamicLineSpanner
415 Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
416 @rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
419 @funindex \dynamicDown
420 @funindex dynamicDown
421 @funindex \dynamicNeutral
422 @funindex dynamicNeutral
424 A @code{Dynamics} context is available to engrave dynamics on
425 their own horizontal line. Use spacer rests to indicate timing.
426 (Notes in a @code{Dynamics} context will also take up
427 musical time, but will not be engraved.)
428 The @code{Dynamics} context can usefully contain some other
429 items such as text scripts, text spanners, and piano pedal marks.
431 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
433 \new Staff \relative c' {
451 @code{\dynamicNeutral},
452 @code{\crescTextCresc},
455 @code{\dimTextDecresc},
456 @code{\crescHairpin},
463 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
464 {setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines.ly}
466 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
467 {setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins.ly}
472 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
473 {printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation.ly}
475 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
476 {vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts.ly}
478 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
479 {hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics.ly}
481 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
482 {changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics.ly}
492 @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
495 @ref{Direction and placement},
496 @ref{New dynamic marks},
497 @ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
498 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
501 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
504 @rinternals{DynamicText},
505 @rinternals{Hairpin},
506 @rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner},
507 @rinternals{Dynamics}.
510 @node New dynamic marks
511 @unnumberedsubsubsec New dynamic marks
513 @cindex new dynamic marks
514 @cindex dynamic marks, new
516 The easiest way to create dynamic indications is to use
517 @code{\markup} objects.
519 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
520 moltoF = \markup { molto \dynamic f }
523 <d e>16_\moltoF <d e>
528 @cindex dynamics, editorial
529 @cindex dynamics, parenthesis
530 @cindex editorial dynamics
536 In markup mode, editorial dynamics (within parentheses or square
537 brackets) can be created. The syntax for markup mode is described
538 in @ref{Formatting text}.
540 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
542 \center-align \concat { \bold { \italic ( }
543 \dynamic f \bold { \italic ) } } }
544 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
551 @cindex make-dynamic-script
552 @funindex make-dynamic-script
554 Simple, centered dynamic marks are easily created with the
555 @code{make-dynamic-script} function.
557 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
558 sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
564 In general, @code{make-dynamic-script} takes any markup object as its
565 argument. The dynamic font only contains the characters
566 @code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}, so if a dynamic mark that includes
567 plain text or punctuation symbols is desired, markup commands that
568 reverts font family and font encoding to normal text should be used,
569 for example @code{\normal-text}. The interest of using
570 @code{make-dynamic-script} instead of an ordinary markup is ensuring
571 the vertical alignment of markup objects and hairpins that are
572 attached to the same note head.
574 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
575 roundF = \markup { \center-align \concat {
576 \normal-text { \bold { \italic ( } }
578 \normal-text { \bold { \italic ) } } } }
579 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
580 mfEspress = \markup { \center-align \line {
581 \hspace #3.7 mf \normal-text \italic espress. } }
582 roundFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script roundF)
583 boxFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script boxF)
584 mfEspressDynamic = #(make-dynamic-script mfEspress)
586 c4_\roundFdynamic\< d e f
589 g'1~\mfEspressDynamic
594 The Scheme form of markup mode may be used instead. Its syntax is
595 explained in @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
597 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
598 moltoF = #(make-dynamic-script
599 (markup #:normal-text "molto"
607 To left-align the dynamic text rather than centering it on a note
610 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
611 moltoF = \tweak DynamicText.self-alignment-X #LEFT
612 #(make-dynamic-script
613 (markup #:normal-text "molto"
617 <d e>2..\moltoF <d e>1
621 Font settings in markup mode are described in
622 @ref{Selecting font and font size}.
626 @ref{Formatting text},
627 @ref{Selecting font and font size},
628 @ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
629 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
632 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
635 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
638 @node Expressive marks as curves
639 @subsection Expressive marks as curves
641 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
642 are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and
653 @unnumberedsubsubsec Slurs
657 @notation{Slurs} are entered using parentheses:
659 @warning{In polyphonic music, a slur must be terminated
660 in the same voice it began.}
662 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
668 @cindex slurs, manual placement
669 @cindex slurs, below notes
670 @cindex slurs, above notes
673 @funindex \slurNeutral
674 @funindex slurNeutral
676 Slurs may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
677 @ref{Direction and placement}.
679 @cindex phrasing slur
680 @cindex multiple slurs
681 @cindex simultaneous slurs
682 @cindex slur, phrasing
683 @cindex slurs, multiple
684 @cindex slurs, simultaneous
686 Simultaneous or overlapping slurs are not permitted, but a phrasing
687 slur can overlap a slur. This permits two slurs to be printed at
688 once. For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
698 @funindex \slurDashed
700 @funindex \slurDotted
705 Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default slur
708 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
718 @funindex \slurHalfDashed
719 @funindex slurHalfDashed
720 @funindex \slurHalfSolid
721 @funindex slurHalfSolid
722 @cindex slur, half dashed and half solid
724 Slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
725 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
728 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
738 @funindex \slurDashPattern
739 @funindex slurDashPattern
740 @cindex slur, defining dash patterns
742 Custom dash patterns for slurs can be defined:
744 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
746 \slurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
748 \slurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
766 @code{\slurHalfDashed},
767 @code{\slurHalfSolid},
768 @code{\slurDashPattern},
775 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
776 {using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly}
778 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
779 {positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs.ly}
781 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
782 {making-slurs-with-complex-dash-structure.ly}
789 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
792 @ref{Direction and placement},
793 @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
796 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
803 @unnumberedsubsubsec Phrasing slurs
805 @cindex phrasing slurs
806 @cindex phrasing marks
807 @cindex slur, phrasing
808 @cindex mark, phrasing
812 @notation{Phrasing slurs} (or phrasing marks) that indicate a
813 musical sentence are written using the commands @code{\(} and
814 @code{\)} respectively:
816 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
821 @funindex \phrasingSlurUp
822 @funindex phrasingSlurUp
823 @funindex \phrasingSlurDown
824 @funindex phrasingSlurDown
825 @funindex \phrasingSlurNeutral
826 @funindex phrasingSlurNeutral
828 Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
829 normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
830 @code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
831 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
832 @ref{Direction and placement}.
834 @cindex simultaneous phrasing slurs
835 @cindex multiple phrasing slurs
836 @cindex slur, simultaneous phrasing
837 @cindex slur, multiple phrasing
838 @cindex phrasing slur, simultaneous
839 @cindex phrasing slur, multiple
841 Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
843 @funindex phrasingSlurDashed
844 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashed
845 @funindex \phrasingSlurDotted
846 @funindex phrasingSlurDotted
847 @funindex \phrasingSlurSolid
848 @funindex phrasingSlurSolid
849 @cindex phrasing slur, dashed
850 @cindex dashed phrasing slur
851 @cindex phrasing slur, dotted
852 @cindex dotted phrasing slurs
853 @cindex slur, dashed phrasing
854 @cindex slur, dotted phrasing
856 Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default
857 style for phrasing slurs:
859 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
869 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfDashed
870 @funindex \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
871 @funindex \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
872 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfSolid
873 @cindex phrasing slur, half solid and half dashed
874 @cindex slur, half solid and half dashed phrasing
876 Phrasing slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
877 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
880 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
882 \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
884 \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
890 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashPattern
891 @funindex phrasingSlurDashPattern
892 @cindex phrasing slur, defining dash patterns
893 @cindex slur, phrasing, defining dash patterns
894 @cindex slur, defining dash patterns for phrasing
896 Custom dash patterns for phrasing slurs can be defined:
898 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
900 \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
902 \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
908 Dash pattern definitions for phrasing slurs have the same structure
909 as dash pattern definitions for slurs. For more information about
910 complex dash patterns, see the snippets under @ref{Slurs}.
913 @code{\phrasingSlurUp},
914 @code{\phrasingSlurDown},
915 @code{\phrasingSlurNeutral},
916 @code{\phrasingSlurDashed},
917 @code{\phrasingSlurDotted},
918 @code{\phrasingSlurHalfDashed},
919 @code{\phrasingSlurHalfSolid},
920 @code{\phrasingSlurDashPattern},
921 @code{\phrasingSlurSolid}.
926 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
929 @ref{Direction and placement},
933 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
936 @rinternals{PhrasingSlur}.
940 @unnumberedsubsubsec Breath marks
947 Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
949 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
953 A breath mark will end an automatic beam; to override this behavior, see
956 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
960 Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation,
961 divisiones, are supported. For details, see @ref{Divisiones}.
966 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
967 {changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
971 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
972 {using-a-tick-as-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
975 @cindex railroad tracks
977 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
978 {inserting-a-caesura.ly}
988 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
991 @rinternals{BreathingEvent},
992 @rinternals{BreathingSign},
993 @rinternals{Breathing_sign_engraver}.
996 @node Falls and doits
997 @unnumberedsubsubsec Falls and doits
1001 @funindex \bendAfter
1004 @notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
1005 the @code{\bendAfter} command. The direction of the fall or doit
1006 is indicated with a plus or minus (up or down). The number
1007 indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
1008 @emph{beyond} the main note.
1010 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1021 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1022 {adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits.ly}
1030 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1033 @node Expressive marks as lines
1034 @subsection Expressive marks as lines
1036 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
1037 follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
1046 @unnumberedsubsubsec Glissando
1049 @funindex \glissando
1052 A @notation{glissando} is created by appending @code{\glissando}
1055 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1058 \afterGrace f,1\glissando f'16
1061 A glissando can connect notes across staves:
1063 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
1065 \new Staff = "right" {
1067 \change Staff = "left"
1069 \change Staff = "right"
1072 \new Staff = "left" {
1079 A glissando can connect notes in chords. If anything other than a
1080 direct one-to-one pairing of the notes in the two chords is required
1081 the connections between the notes are defined by setting
1082 @code{\glissandoMap}, where the notes of a chord are assumed to be
1083 numbered from zero in the order in which they appear in the input
1086 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1087 <c, e>1\glissando g' |
1091 \set glissandoMap = #'((0 . 1) (1 . 0))
1092 <c, g'>1\glissando |
1094 \set glissandoMap = #'((0 . 0) (0 . 1) (0 . 2))
1097 \set glissandoMap = #'((2 . 0) (1 . 0) (0 . 1))
1098 <f d a'>1\glissando |
1102 Different styles of glissandi can be created. For details, see
1107 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1108 {contemporary-glissando.ly}
1110 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1111 {adding-timing-marks-to-long-glissandi.ly}
1113 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1114 {making-glissandi-breakable.ly}
1116 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1117 {extending-glissandi-across-repeats.ly}
1127 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1129 Internals Reference:
1130 @rinternals{Glissando}.
1133 Printing text over the line (such as @notation{gliss.}) is not
1138 @unnumberedsubsubsec Arpeggio
1141 @cindex broken chord
1142 @cindex chord, broken
1146 @funindex \arpeggioArrowUp
1147 @funindex arpeggioArrowUp
1148 @funindex \arpeggioArrowDown
1149 @funindex arpeggioArrowDown
1150 @funindex \arpeggioNormal
1151 @funindex arpeggioNormal
1153 An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
1154 is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
1156 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1160 Different types of arpeggios may be written.
1161 @code{\arpeggioNormal} reverts to a normal arpeggio:
1163 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1176 @cindex arpeggio symbols, special
1177 @cindex special arpeggio symbols
1179 @funindex \arpeggioBracket
1180 @funindex arpeggioBracket
1181 @funindex \arpeggioParenthesis
1182 @funindex arpeggioParenthesis
1183 @funindex \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1184 @funindex arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1186 Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
1188 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1194 \arpeggioParenthesis
1197 \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1204 The dash properties of the parenthesis arpeggio are controlled
1205 with the @code{'dash-details} property, which is described at @ref{Slurs}.
1207 Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties. For more
1208 information, see @ref{Ties}.
1213 @code{\arpeggioArrowUp},
1214 @code{\arpeggioArrowDown},
1215 @code{\arpeggioNormal},
1216 @code{\arpeggioBracket},
1217 @code{\arpeggioParenthesis}
1218 @code{\arpeggioParenthesisDashed}.
1224 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1225 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff.ly}
1227 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1228 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts.ly}
1230 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1231 {creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices.ly}
1242 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1244 Internals Reference:
1245 @rinternals{Arpeggio},
1247 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
1250 @cindex cross-staff parenthesis-style arpeggio
1251 @cindex arpeggio, parenthesis-style, cross-staff
1252 @cindex arpeggio, cross-staff parenthesis-style
1254 It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
1255 arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
1258 The parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets do not work for
1259 cross-staff arpeggios.
1263 @unnumberedsubsubsec Trills
1269 @funindex \startTrillSpan
1270 @funindex startTrillSpan
1271 @funindex \stopTrillSpan
1272 @funindex stopTrillSpan
1274 Short trills without an extender line are printed with
1275 @code{\trill}; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
1277 Longer trills with an extender line are made with
1278 @code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}:
1280 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1287 A trill spanner crossing a line break will restart exactly above
1288 the first note on the new line.
1290 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1298 Consecutive trill spans will work without explicit
1299 @code{\stopTrillSpan} commands, since successive trill spanners will
1300 automatically become the right bound of the previous trill.
1302 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1310 Trills can also be combined with grace notes. The syntax of this
1311 construct and the method to precisely position the grace notes are
1312 described in @ref{Grace notes}.
1314 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1316 d1\startTrillSpan { c32[ d]\stopTrillSpan }
1320 @cindex pitched trills
1321 @cindex trills, pitched
1322 @funindex \pitchedTrill
1323 @funindex pitchedTrill
1325 Trills that require an auxiliary note with an explicit pitch can
1326 be typeset with the @code{\pitchedTrill} command. The first
1327 argument is the main note, and the second is the @emph{trilled}
1328 note, printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
1330 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1332 d2\startTrillSpan fis
1338 @cindex pitched trill with accidental
1339 @cindex trill with accidental
1341 Subsequent accidentals of the same note in the same measure will need
1342 to be added manually. Only the accidental of the first pitched trill
1343 in a measure is printed.
1345 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1347 eis4\startTrillSpan fis
1350 eis4\startTrillSpan cis
1353 eis4\startTrillSpan fis
1356 eis4\startTrillSpan fis!
1361 @code{\startTrillSpan},
1362 @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
1370 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
1374 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1376 Internals Reference:
1377 @rinternals{TrillSpanner}.