1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
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12 @node Expressive marks
13 @section Expressive marks
15 @lilypondfile[quote]{expressive-headword.ly}
17 This section lists various expressive marks that can be
21 * Expressive marks attached to notes::
22 * Expressive marks as curves::
23 * Expressive marks as lines::
27 @node Expressive marks attached to notes
28 @subsection Expressive marks attached to notes
30 This section explains how to create expressive marks that are
31 attached to notes: articulations, ornamentations, and dynamics.
32 Methods to create new dynamic markings are also discussed.
35 * Articulations and ornamentations::
40 @node Articulations and ornamentations
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations and ornamentations
52 @cindex organ pedal marks
53 @cindex pedal marks, organ
75 @funindex \staccatissimo
91 @funindex \snappizzicato
93 @funindex \reverseturn
98 @funindex \prallmordent
102 @funindex \downmordent
106 @funindex \signumcongruentiae
107 @funindex \shortfermata
109 @funindex \longfermata
110 @funindex \verylongfermata
111 @funindex \fermataMarkup
119 A variety of symbols that denote articulations, ornamentations,
120 and other performance indications can be attached to a note using
124 @var{note}\@var{name}
127 The possible values for @code{@var{name}} are listed in
128 @ref{List of articulations}. For example:
130 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
131 c4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn
137 @cindex staccatissimo
142 Some of these articulations have shorthands for easier entry.
143 Shorthands are appended to the note name, and their syntax
144 consists of a dash @code{-} followed by a symbol signifying the
145 articulation. Predefined shorthands exist for @notation{marcato},
146 @notation{stopped}, @notation{tenuto}, @notation{staccatissimo},
147 @notation{accent}, @notation{staccato}, and @notation{portato}.
148 Their corresponding output appears as follows:
150 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
155 The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined
156 in @file{scm/script.scm}. Articulations and ornamentations
157 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
158 @ref{Direction and placement}.
160 Articulations are @code{Script} objects. Their properties are
161 described more fully in @rinternals{Script}.
163 Articulations can be attached to rests as well as notes but they
164 cannot be attached to multi-measure rests. A special predefined
165 command, @code{\fermataMarkup}, is available for attaching a fermata
166 to a multi-measure rest (and only a multi-measure rest). This
167 creates a @code{MultiMeasureRestText} object.
169 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
170 \override Script.color = #red
171 \override MultiMeasureRestText.color = #blue
176 In addition to articulations, text and markups can be attached to
177 notes. See @ref{Text scripts}.
179 For more information about the ordering of Scripts and TextScripts that
180 are attached to the notes, see @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
184 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
185 {modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation.ly}
187 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
188 {controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly}
190 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
191 {creating-a-delayed-turn.ly}
201 @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
205 @ref{Direction and placement},
206 @ref{List of articulations},
210 @file{scm/script.scm}.
213 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
217 @rinternals{TextScript}.
221 @unnumberedsubsubsec Dynamics
223 @cindex absolute dynamics
225 @cindex dynamics, absolute
266 Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note,
267 such as @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are
268 @code{\ppppp}, @code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p},
269 @code{\mp}, @code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff},
270 @code{\ffff}, @code{\fffff}, @code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff},
271 @code{\sp}, @code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. Dynamic
272 marks may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
273 @ref{Direction and placement}.
275 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
294 A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
295 terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional
296 crescendo or decrescendo mark. A @notation{decrescendo} mark is
297 started with @code{\>} and is also terminated with @code{\!}, an
298 absolute dynamic, or another crescendo or decrescendo mark.
299 @code{\cr} and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and
300 @code{\>}. @notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this
303 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
313 A hairpin that is terminated with @code{\!} will end at the
314 right edge of the note that has the @code{\!} assigned to it. In the
315 case where it is terminated with the start of another @notation{crescendo}
316 or @notation{decrescendo} mark, it will end at the centre of the note
317 that has the next @code{\<} or @code{\>} assigned to it. The next
318 hairpin will then start at the right edge of the same note
319 instead of the usual left edge had it been terminated with @code{\!}
322 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
323 c1\< | c4 a c\< a | c4 a c\! a\< | c4 a c a\!
326 Hairpins that are terminated with absolute dynamic marks instead of
327 @code{\!} will also be engraved in a similar way. However, the length
328 of the absolute dynamic itself can alter where the preceding hairpin
331 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
332 c1\< | c4 a c\mf a | c1\< | c4 a c\ffff a
335 @cindex multiple dynamic marks on one note
336 @cindex dynamic marks, multiple on one note
337 Spacer rests are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
338 This is particularly useful when adding a @notation{crescendo} and
339 @notation{decrescendo} to the same note:
341 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
343 << f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
346 @cindex espressivo articulation
348 @funindex \espressivo
351 The @code{\espressivo} command can be used to indicate a crescendo
352 and decrescendo on the same note. However, be warned that this is
353 implemented as an articulation, not a dynamic.
355 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
366 Textual crescendo marks begin with @code{\cresc}.
367 Textual decrescendos begin with @code{\decresc} or @code{\dim}.
368 Extender lines are engraved as required.
370 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
371 g8\cresc a b c b c d e\mf |
372 f8\decresc e d c e\> d c b |
377 @funindex \crescTextCresc
378 @funindex crescTextCresc
379 @funindex \dimTextDecresc
380 @funindex dimTextDecresc
381 @funindex \dimTextDecr
382 @funindex dimTextDecr
383 @funindex \dimTextDim
385 @funindex \crescHairpin
386 @funindex crescHairpin
387 @funindex \dimHairpin
390 Textual marks for dynamic changes can also replace hairpins:
391 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
406 To create new absolute dynamic marks or text that should be
407 aligned with dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
409 @cindex dynamics, vertical positioning
410 @cindex vertical positioning of dynamics
412 @funindex DynamicLineSpanner
415 Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
416 @rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
419 @funindex \dynamicDown
420 @funindex dynamicDown
421 @funindex \dynamicNeutral
422 @funindex dynamicNeutral
424 A @code{Dynamics} context is available to engrave dynamics on
425 their own horizontal line. Use spacer rests to indicate timing.
426 (Notes in a @code{Dynamics} context will also take up
427 musical time, but will not be engraved.)
428 The @code{Dynamics} context can usefully contain some other
429 items such as text scripts, text spanners, and piano pedal marks.
431 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
433 \new Staff \relative c' {
451 @code{\dynamicNeutral},
452 @code{\crescTextCresc},
455 @code{\dimTextDecresc},
456 @code{\crescHairpin},
463 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
464 {setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines.ly}
466 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
467 {setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins.ly}
472 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
473 {printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation.ly}
475 @cindex Ferneyhough hairpins
476 @cindex hairpins, Ferneyhough
477 @cindex flared hairpins
478 @cindex hairpins, flared
479 @cindex constante hairpins
480 @cindex hairpins, constante
482 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
483 {printing-hairpins-in-various-styles.ly}
485 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
486 {vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts.ly}
488 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
489 {hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics.ly}
491 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
492 {changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics.ly}
502 @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
505 @ref{Direction and placement},
506 @ref{New dynamic marks},
507 @ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
508 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
511 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
514 @rinternals{DynamicText},
515 @rinternals{Hairpin},
516 @rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner},
517 @rinternals{Dynamics}.
520 @node New dynamic marks
521 @unnumberedsubsubsec New dynamic marks
523 @cindex new dynamic marks
524 @cindex dynamic marks, new
526 The easiest way to create dynamic indications is to use
527 @code{\markup} objects.
529 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
530 moltoF = \markup { molto \dynamic f }
533 <d e>16_\moltoF <d e>
538 @cindex dynamics, editorial
539 @cindex dynamics, parenthesis
540 @cindex editorial dynamics
546 In markup mode, editorial dynamics (within parentheses or square
547 brackets) can be created. The syntax for markup mode is described
548 in @ref{Formatting text}.
550 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
552 \center-align \concat { \bold { \italic ( }
553 \dynamic f \bold { \italic ) } } }
554 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
561 @cindex make-dynamic-script
562 @funindex make-dynamic-script
564 Simple, centered dynamic marks are easily created with the
565 @code{make-dynamic-script} function.
567 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
568 sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
574 In general, @code{make-dynamic-script} takes any markup object as its
575 argument. The dynamic font only contains the characters
576 @code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}, so if a dynamic mark that includes
577 plain text or punctuation symbols is desired, markup commands that
578 reverts font family and font encoding to normal text should be used,
579 for example @code{\normal-text}. The interest of using
580 @code{make-dynamic-script} instead of an ordinary markup is ensuring
581 the vertical alignment of markup objects and hairpins that are
582 attached to the same note head.
584 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
585 roundF = \markup { \center-align \concat {
586 \normal-text { \bold { \italic ( } }
588 \normal-text { \bold { \italic ) } } } }
589 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
590 mfEspress = \markup { \center-align \line {
591 \hspace #3.7 mf \normal-text \italic espress. } }
592 roundFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script roundF)
593 boxFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script boxF)
594 mfEspressDynamic = #(make-dynamic-script mfEspress)
596 c4_\roundFdynamic\< d e f
599 g'1~\mfEspressDynamic
604 The Scheme form of markup mode may be used instead. Its syntax is
605 explained in @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
607 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
608 moltoF = #(make-dynamic-script
609 (markup #:normal-text "molto"
617 To left-align the dynamic text rather than centering it on a note
620 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
621 moltoF = \tweak DynamicText.self-alignment-X #LEFT
622 #(make-dynamic-script
623 (markup #:normal-text "molto"
627 <d e>2..\moltoF <d e>1
631 Font settings in markup mode are described in
632 @ref{Selecting font and font size}.
636 @ref{Formatting text},
637 @ref{Selecting font and font size},
638 @ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
639 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
642 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
645 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
648 @node Expressive marks as curves
649 @subsection Expressive marks as curves
651 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
652 are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and
663 @unnumberedsubsubsec Slurs
667 @notation{Slurs} are entered using parentheses:
669 @warning{In polyphonic music, a slur must be terminated
670 in the same voice it began.}
672 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
678 @cindex slurs, manual placement
679 @cindex slurs, below notes
680 @cindex slurs, above notes
683 @funindex \slurNeutral
684 @funindex slurNeutral
686 Slurs may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
687 @ref{Direction and placement}.
689 @cindex phrasing slur
690 @cindex multiple slurs
691 @cindex simultaneous slurs
692 @cindex slur, phrasing
693 @cindex slurs, multiple
694 @cindex slurs, simultaneous
696 Simultaneous or overlapping slurs are not permitted, but a phrasing
697 slur can overlap a slur. This permits two slurs to be printed at
698 once. For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
708 @funindex \slurDashed
710 @funindex \slurDotted
715 Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default slur
718 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
728 @funindex \slurHalfDashed
729 @funindex slurHalfDashed
730 @funindex \slurHalfSolid
731 @funindex slurHalfSolid
732 @cindex slur, half dashed and half solid
734 Slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
735 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
738 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
748 @funindex \slurDashPattern
749 @funindex slurDashPattern
750 @cindex slur, defining dash patterns
752 Custom dash patterns for slurs can be defined:
754 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
756 \slurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
758 \slurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
776 @code{\slurHalfDashed},
777 @code{\slurHalfSolid},
778 @code{\slurDashPattern},
785 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
786 {using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly}
788 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
789 {positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs.ly}
791 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
792 {making-slurs-with-complex-dash-structure.ly}
799 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
802 @ref{Direction and placement},
803 @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
806 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
813 @unnumberedsubsubsec Phrasing slurs
815 @cindex phrasing slurs
816 @cindex phrasing marks
817 @cindex slur, phrasing
818 @cindex mark, phrasing
822 @notation{Phrasing slurs} (or phrasing marks) that indicate a
823 musical sentence are written using the commands @code{\(} and
824 @code{\)} respectively:
826 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
831 @funindex \phrasingSlurUp
832 @funindex phrasingSlurUp
833 @funindex \phrasingSlurDown
834 @funindex phrasingSlurDown
835 @funindex \phrasingSlurNeutral
836 @funindex phrasingSlurNeutral
838 Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
839 normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
840 @code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
841 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
842 @ref{Direction and placement}.
844 @cindex simultaneous phrasing slurs
845 @cindex multiple phrasing slurs
846 @cindex slur, simultaneous phrasing
847 @cindex slur, multiple phrasing
848 @cindex phrasing slur, simultaneous
849 @cindex phrasing slur, multiple
851 Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
853 @funindex phrasingSlurDashed
854 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashed
855 @funindex \phrasingSlurDotted
856 @funindex phrasingSlurDotted
857 @funindex \phrasingSlurSolid
858 @funindex phrasingSlurSolid
859 @cindex phrasing slur, dashed
860 @cindex dashed phrasing slur
861 @cindex phrasing slur, dotted
862 @cindex dotted phrasing slurs
863 @cindex slur, dashed phrasing
864 @cindex slur, dotted phrasing
866 Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default
867 style for phrasing slurs:
869 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
879 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfDashed
880 @funindex \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
881 @funindex \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
882 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfSolid
883 @cindex phrasing slur, half solid and half dashed
884 @cindex slur, half solid and half dashed phrasing
886 Phrasing slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
887 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
890 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
892 \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
894 \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
900 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashPattern
901 @funindex phrasingSlurDashPattern
902 @cindex phrasing slur, defining dash patterns
903 @cindex slur, phrasing, defining dash patterns
904 @cindex slur, defining dash patterns for phrasing
906 Custom dash patterns for phrasing slurs can be defined:
908 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
910 \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
912 \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
918 Dash pattern definitions for phrasing slurs have the same structure
919 as dash pattern definitions for slurs. For more information about
920 complex dash patterns, see the snippets under @ref{Slurs}.
923 @code{\phrasingSlurUp},
924 @code{\phrasingSlurDown},
925 @code{\phrasingSlurNeutral},
926 @code{\phrasingSlurDashed},
927 @code{\phrasingSlurDotted},
928 @code{\phrasingSlurHalfDashed},
929 @code{\phrasingSlurHalfSolid},
930 @code{\phrasingSlurDashPattern},
931 @code{\phrasingSlurSolid}.
936 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
939 @ref{Direction and placement},
943 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
946 @rinternals{PhrasingSlur}.
950 @unnumberedsubsubsec Breath marks
957 Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
959 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
963 Unlike other expressive marks, a breath mark is not associated with
964 the preceding note but is a separate music event. So all the
965 expressive marks which are attached to the preceding note, any square
966 brackets indicating manual beams, and any brackets indicating slurs
967 and phrasing slurs must be placed before @code{\breathe}.
969 A breath mark will end an automatic beam; to override this behavior, see
972 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
976 Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation,
977 divisiones, are supported. For details, see @ref{Divisiones}.
982 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
983 {changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
987 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
988 {using-a-tick-as-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
991 @cindex railroad tracks
993 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
994 {inserting-a-caesura.ly}
1004 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1006 Internals Reference:
1007 @rinternals{BreathingEvent},
1008 @rinternals{BreathingSign},
1009 @rinternals{Breathing_sign_engraver}.
1012 @node Falls and doits
1013 @unnumberedsubsubsec Falls and doits
1017 @funindex \bendAfter
1020 @notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
1021 the @code{\bendAfter} command. The direction of the fall or doit
1022 is indicated with a plus or minus (up or down). The number
1023 indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
1024 @emph{beyond} the main note.
1026 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1037 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1038 {adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits.ly}
1046 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1049 @node Expressive marks as lines
1050 @subsection Expressive marks as lines
1052 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
1053 follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
1062 @unnumberedsubsubsec Glissando
1065 @funindex \glissando
1068 A @notation{glissando} is created by appending @code{\glissando}
1071 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1074 \afterGrace f,1\glissando f'16
1077 A glissando can connect notes across staves:
1079 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
1081 \new Staff = "right" {
1083 \change Staff = "left"
1085 \change Staff = "right"
1088 \new Staff = "left" {
1095 A glissando can connect notes in chords. If anything other than a
1096 direct one-to-one pairing of the notes in the two chords is required
1097 the connections between the notes are defined by setting
1098 @code{\glissandoMap}, where the notes of a chord are assumed to be
1099 numbered from zero in the order in which they appear in the input
1102 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1103 <c, e>1\glissando g' |
1107 \set glissandoMap = #'((0 . 1) (1 . 0))
1108 <c, g'>1\glissando |
1110 \set glissandoMap = #'((0 . 0) (0 . 1) (0 . 2))
1113 \set glissandoMap = #'((2 . 0) (1 . 0) (0 . 1))
1114 <f d a'>1\glissando |
1118 Different styles of glissandi can be created. For details, see
1123 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1124 {contemporary-glissando.ly}
1126 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1127 {adding-timing-marks-to-long-glissandi.ly}
1129 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1130 {making-glissandi-breakable.ly}
1132 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1133 {extending-glissandi-across-repeats.ly}
1143 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1145 Internals Reference:
1146 @rinternals{Glissando}.
1149 Printing text over the line (such as @notation{gliss.}) is not
1154 @unnumberedsubsubsec Arpeggio
1157 @cindex broken chord
1158 @cindex chord, broken
1162 @funindex \arpeggioArrowUp
1163 @funindex arpeggioArrowUp
1164 @funindex \arpeggioArrowDown
1165 @funindex arpeggioArrowDown
1166 @funindex \arpeggioNormal
1167 @funindex arpeggioNormal
1169 An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
1170 is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
1172 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1176 Different types of arpeggios may be written.
1177 @code{\arpeggioNormal} reverts to a normal arpeggio:
1179 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1192 @cindex arpeggio symbols, special
1193 @cindex special arpeggio symbols
1195 @funindex \arpeggioBracket
1196 @funindex arpeggioBracket
1197 @funindex \arpeggioParenthesis
1198 @funindex arpeggioParenthesis
1199 @funindex \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1200 @funindex arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1202 Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
1204 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1210 \arpeggioParenthesis
1213 \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1220 The dash properties of the parenthesis arpeggio are controlled
1221 with the @code{'dash-definition} property, which is described at
1224 Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties. For more
1225 information, see @ref{Ties}.
1230 @code{\arpeggioArrowUp},
1231 @code{\arpeggioArrowDown},
1232 @code{\arpeggioNormal},
1233 @code{\arpeggioBracket},
1234 @code{\arpeggioParenthesis}
1235 @code{\arpeggioParenthesisDashed}.
1241 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1242 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff.ly}
1244 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1245 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts.ly}
1247 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
1248 {creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices.ly}
1259 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1261 Internals Reference:
1262 @rinternals{Arpeggio},
1264 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
1267 @cindex cross-staff parenthesis-style arpeggio
1268 @cindex arpeggio, parenthesis-style, cross-staff
1269 @cindex arpeggio, cross-staff parenthesis-style
1271 It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
1272 arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
1275 The simple way of setting parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets does not work for
1276 cross-staff arpeggios; see @ref{Cross-staff stems}.
1280 @unnumberedsubsubsec Trills
1286 @funindex \startTrillSpan
1287 @funindex startTrillSpan
1288 @funindex \stopTrillSpan
1289 @funindex stopTrillSpan
1291 Short trills without an extender line are printed with
1292 @code{\trill}; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
1294 Longer trills with an extender line are made with
1295 @code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}:
1297 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1304 A trill spanner crossing a line break will restart exactly above
1305 the first note on the new line.
1307 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1315 Consecutive trill spans will work without explicit
1316 @code{\stopTrillSpan} commands, since successive trill spanners will
1317 automatically become the right bound of the previous trill.
1319 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1327 Trills can also be combined with grace notes. The syntax of this
1328 construct and the method to precisely position the grace notes are
1329 described in @ref{Grace notes}.
1331 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1333 d1\startTrillSpan { c32[ d]\stopTrillSpan }
1337 @cindex pitched trills
1338 @cindex trills, pitched
1339 @funindex \pitchedTrill
1340 @funindex pitchedTrill
1342 Trills that require an auxiliary note with an explicit pitch can
1343 be typeset with the @code{\pitchedTrill} command. The first
1344 argument is the main note, and the second is the @emph{trilled}
1345 note, printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
1347 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1349 d2\startTrillSpan fis
1355 @cindex pitched trill with accidental
1356 @cindex trill with accidental
1358 Subsequent accidentals of the same note in the same measure will need
1359 to be added manually. Only the accidental of the first pitched trill
1360 in a measure is printed.
1362 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1364 eis4\startTrillSpan fis
1367 eis4\startTrillSpan cis
1370 eis4\startTrillSpan fis
1373 eis4\startTrillSpan fis!
1378 @code{\startTrillSpan},
1379 @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
1387 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
1391 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1393 Internals Reference:
1394 @rinternals{TrillSpanner}.