1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
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12 @node Expressive marks
13 @section Expressive marks
15 @lilypondfile[quote]{expressive-headword.ly}
17 This section lists various expressive marks that can be
27 @node Attached to notes
28 @subsection Attached to notes
30 This section explains how to create expressive marks that are
31 attached to notes: articulations, ornamentations, and dynamics.
32 Methods to create new dynamic markings are also discussed.
35 * Articulations and ornamentations::
40 @node Articulations and ornamentations
41 @unnumberedsubsubsec Articulations and ornamentations
52 @cindex organ pedal marks
53 @cindex pedal marks, organ
75 @funindex \staccatissimo
91 @funindex \snappizzicato
93 @funindex \reverseturn
98 @funindex \prallmordent
102 @funindex \downmordent
106 @funindex \signumcongruentiae
107 @funindex \shortfermata
109 @funindex \longfermata
110 @funindex \verylongfermata
111 @funindex \fermataMarkup
119 A variety of symbols that denote articulations, ornamentations,
120 and other performance indications can be attached to a note using
124 @var{note}\@var{name}
127 The possible values for @var{name} are listed in @ref{List of
128 articulations}. For example:
130 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
131 c4\staccato c\mordent b2\turn
137 @cindex staccatissimo
142 Some of these articulations have shorthands for easier entry.
143 Shorthands are appended to the note name, and their syntax
144 consists of a dash @code{-} followed by a symbol signifying the
145 articulation. Predefined shorthands exist for @notation{marcato},
146 @notation{stopped}, @notation{tenuto}, @notation{staccatissimo},
147 @notation{accent}, @notation{staccato}, and @notation{portato}.
148 Their corresponding output appears as follows:
150 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
155 The rules for the default placement of articulations are defined
156 in @file{scm/@/script@/.scm}. Articulations and ornamentations
157 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
158 @ref{Direction and placement}.
160 Articulations are @code{Script} objects. Their properties are
161 described more fully in @rinternals{Script}.
163 Articulations can be attached to rests as well as notes but they
164 cannot be attached to multi-measure rests. A special predefined
165 command, @code{\fermataMarkup}, is available for attaching a fermata
166 to a multi-measure rest (and only a multi-measure rest). This
167 creates a @code{MultiMeasureRestText} object.
169 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
170 \override Script #'color = #red
171 \override MultiMeasureRestText #'color = #blue
176 In addition to articulations, text and markups can be attached to
177 notes. See @ref{Text scripts}.
179 For more information about the ordering of Scripts and TextScripts that
180 are attached to the notes, see @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
184 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
185 {modifying-default-values-for-articulation-shorthand-notation.ly}
187 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
188 {controlling-the-vertical-ordering-of-scripts.ly}
190 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
191 {creating-a-delayed-turn.ly}
201 @rlearning{Placement of objects}.
205 @ref{Direction and placement},
206 @ref{List of articulations},
210 @file{scm/@/script@/.scm}.
213 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
217 @rinternals{TextScript}.
221 @unnumberedsubsubsec Dynamics
223 @cindex absolute dynamics
225 @cindex dynamics, absolute
266 Absolute dynamic marks are specified using a command after a note,
267 such as @code{c4\ff}. The available dynamic marks are
268 @code{\ppppp}, @code{\pppp}, @code{\ppp}, @code{\pp}, @code{\p},
269 @code{\mp}, @code{\mf}, @code{\f}, @code{\ff}, @code{\fff},
270 @code{\ffff}, @code{\fffff}, @code{\fp}, @code{\sf}, @code{\sff},
271 @code{\sp}, @code{\spp}, @code{\sfz}, and @code{\rfz}. Dynamic
272 marks may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
273 @ref{Direction and placement}.
275 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
294 A @notation{crescendo} mark is started with @code{\<} and
295 terminated with @code{\!}, an absolute dynamic, or an additional
296 crescendo or decrescendo mark. A @notation{decrescendo} mark is
297 started with @code{\>} and is also terminated with @code{\!}, an
298 absolute dynamic, or another crescendo or decrescendo mark.
299 @code{\cr} and @code{\decr} may be used instead of @code{\<} and
300 @code{\>}. @notation{Hairpins} are engraved by default using this
303 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
313 A hairpin that is terminated with @code{\!} will end at the
314 right edge of the note that has the @code{\!} assigned to it. In the
315 case where it is terminated with the start of another @notation{crescendo}
316 or @notation{decrescendo} mark, it will end at the centre of the note
317 that has the next @code{\<} or @code{\>} assigned to it. The next
318 hairpin will then start at the right edge of the same note
319 instead of the usual left edge had it been terminated with @code{\!}
322 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
323 c1\< | c4 a c\< a | c4 a c\! a\< | c4 a c a\!
326 Hairpins that are terminated with absolute dynamic marks instead of
327 @code{\!} will also be engraved in a similar way. However, the length
328 of the absolute dynamic itself can alter where the preceding hairpin
331 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
332 c1\< | c4 a c\mf a | c1\< | c4 a c\ffff a
335 Spacer rests are needed to engrave multiple marks on one note.
337 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
339 << f1 { s4 s4\< s4\> s4\! } >>
342 @cindex espressivo articulation
344 @funindex \espressivo
347 The @code{\espressivo} command can be used to indicate a crescendo
348 and decrescendo on the same note:
350 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
356 @funindex \crescTextCresc
357 @funindex crescTextCresc
358 @funindex \dimTextDecresc
359 @funindex dimTextDecresc
360 @funindex \dimTextDecr
361 @funindex dimTextDecr
362 @funindex \dimTextDim
364 @funindex \crescHairpin
365 @funindex crescHairpin
366 @funindex \dimHairpin
369 Crescendos and decrescendos can be engraved as textual markings
370 instead of hairpins. Dashed lines are printed to indicate their
371 extent. The built-in commands @code{\crescTextCresc},
372 @code{\dimTextDecresc}, @code{\dimTextDecr}, and @code{\dimTextDim}
373 will tell LilyPond to use such textual marks instead of hairpins
374 for all subsequent @code{\<} and @code{\>} commands. The corresponding
375 @code{\crescHairpin} and @code{\dimHairpin} commands will revert
378 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
390 To create new absolute dynamic marks or text that should be
391 aligned with dynamics, see @ref{New dynamic marks}.
393 @cindex dynamics, vertical positioning
394 @cindex vertical positioning of dynamics
396 @funindex DynamicLineSpanner
399 Vertical positioning of dynamics is handled by
400 @rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
403 @funindex \dynamicDown
404 @funindex dynamicDown
405 @funindex \dynamicNeutral
406 @funindex dynamicNeutral
412 @code{\dynamicNeutral},
413 @code{\crescTextCresc},
416 @code{\dimTextDecresc},
417 @code{\crescHairpin},
424 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
425 {setting-hairpin-behavior-at-bar-lines.ly}
427 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
428 {setting-the-minimum-length-of-hairpins.ly}
433 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
434 {printing-hairpins-using-al-niente-notation.ly}
436 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
437 {vertically-aligned-dynamics-and-textscripts.ly}
439 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
440 {hiding-the-extender-line-for-text-dynamics.ly}
442 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
443 {changing-text-and-spanner-styles-for-text-dynamics.ly}
454 @rlearning{Articulation and dynamics}.
457 @ref{Direction and placement},
458 @ref{New dynamic marks},
459 @ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
460 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
463 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
466 @rinternals{DynamicText},
467 @rinternals{Hairpin},
468 @rinternals{DynamicLineSpanner}.
471 @node New dynamic marks
472 @unnumberedsubsubsec New dynamic marks
474 @cindex new dynamic marks
475 @cindex dynamic marks, new
477 The easiest way to create dynamic indications is to use
478 @code{\markup} objects.
480 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
481 moltoF = \markup { molto \dynamic f }
484 <d e>16_\moltoF <d e>
489 @cindex dynamics, editorial
490 @cindex dynamics, parenthesis
491 @cindex editorial dynamics
497 In markup mode, editorial dynamics (within parentheses or square
498 brackets) can be created. The syntax for markup mode is described
499 in @ref{Formatting text}.
501 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
503 \center-align \concat { \bold { \italic ( }
504 \dynamic f \bold { \italic ) } } }
505 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
512 @cindex make-dynamic-script
513 @funindex make-dynamic-script
515 Simple, centered dynamic marks are easily created with the
516 @code{make-dynamic-script} function.
518 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
519 sfzp = #(make-dynamic-script "sfzp")
525 In general, @code{make-dynamic-script} takes any markup object as its
526 argument. The dynamic font only contains the characters
527 @code{f,m,p,r,s} and @code{z}, so if a dynamic mark that includes
528 plain text or punctuation symbols is desired, markup commands that
529 reverts font family and font encoding to normal text should be used,
530 for example @code{\normal-text}. The interest of using
531 @code{make-dynamic-script} instead of an ordinary markup is ensuring
532 the vertical alignment of markup objects and hairpins that are
533 attached to the same note head.
535 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
536 roundF = \markup { \center-align \concat {
537 \normal-text { \bold { \italic ( } }
539 \normal-text { \bold { \italic ) } } } }
540 boxF = \markup { \bracket { \dynamic f } }
541 mfEspress = \markup { \center-align \line {
542 \hspace #3.7 mf \normal-text \italic espress. } }
543 roundFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script roundF)
544 boxFdynamic = #(make-dynamic-script boxF)
545 mfEspressDynamic = #(make-dynamic-script mfEspress)
547 c4_\roundFdynamic\< d e f
550 g'1~\mfEspressDynamic
555 The Scheme form of markup mode may be used instead. Its syntax is
556 explained in @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
558 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
559 moltoF = #(make-dynamic-script
560 (markup #:normal-text "molto"
568 Font settings in markup mode are described in
569 @ref{Selecting font and font size}.
574 @ref{Formatting text},
575 @ref{Selecting font and font size},
576 @ref{What goes into the MIDI output?},
577 @ref{Controlling MIDI dynamics}.
580 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
583 @rextend{Markup construction in Scheme}.
590 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
591 are curved: normal slurs, phrasing slurs, breath marks, falls, and
602 @unnumberedsubsubsec Slurs
606 @notation{Slurs} are entered using parentheses:
608 @warning{In polyphonic music, a slur must be terminated
609 in the same voice it began.}
611 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
617 @cindex slurs, manual placement
618 @cindex slurs, below notes
619 @cindex slurs, above notes
622 @funindex \slurNeutral
623 @funindex slurNeutral
625 Slurs may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
626 @ref{Direction and placement}.
628 @cindex phrasing slur
629 @cindex multiple slurs
630 @cindex simultaneous slurs
631 @cindex slur, phrasing
632 @cindex slurs, multiple
633 @cindex slurs, simultaneous
635 Simultaneous or overlapping slurs are not permitted, but a phrasing
636 slur can overlap a slur. This permits two slurs to be printed at
637 once. For details, see @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
647 @funindex \slurDashed
649 @funindex \slurDotted
654 Slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default slur
657 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
667 @funindex \slurHalfDashed
668 @funindex slurHalfDashed
669 @funindex \slurHalfSolid
670 @funindex slurHalfSolid
671 @cindex slur, half dashed and half solid
673 Slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
674 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
677 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
687 @funindex \slurDashPattern
688 @funindex slurDashPattern
689 @cindex slur, defining dash patterns
691 Custom dash patterns for slurs can be defined:
693 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
695 \slurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
697 \slurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
715 @code{\slurHalfDashed},
716 @code{\slurHalfSolid},
717 @code{\slurDashPattern},
724 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
725 {using-double-slurs-for-legato-chords.ly}
727 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
728 {positioning-text-markups-inside-slurs.ly}
730 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
731 {making-slurs-with-complex-dash-structure.ly}
739 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
742 @ref{Direction and placement},
743 @ref{Phrasing slurs}.
746 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
753 @unnumberedsubsubsec Phrasing slurs
755 @cindex phrasing slurs
756 @cindex phrasing marks
757 @cindex slur, phrasing
758 @cindex mark, phrasing
762 @notation{Phrasing slurs} (or phrasing marks) that indicate a
763 musical sentence are written using the commands @code{\(} and
764 @code{\)} respectively:
766 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
771 @funindex \phrasingSlurUp
772 @funindex phrasingSlurUp
773 @funindex \phrasingSlurDown
774 @funindex phrasingSlurDown
775 @funindex \phrasingSlurNeutral
776 @funindex phrasingSlurNeutral
778 Typographically, a phrasing slur behaves almost exactly like a
779 normal slur. However, they are treated as different objects; a
780 @code{\slurUp} will have no effect on a phrasing slur. Phrasing
781 may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
782 @ref{Direction and placement}.
784 @cindex simultaneous phrasing slurs
785 @cindex multiple phrasing slurs
786 @cindex slur, simultaneous phrasing
787 @cindex slur, multiple phrasing
788 @cindex phrasing slur, simultaneous
789 @cindex phrasing slur, multiple
791 Simultaneous or overlapping phrasing slurs are not permitted.
793 @funindex phrasingSlurDashed
794 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashed
795 @funindex \phrasingSlurDotted
796 @funindex phrasingSlurDotted
797 @funindex \phrasingSlurSolid
798 @funindex phrasingSlurSolid
799 @cindex phrasing slur, dashed
800 @cindex dashed phrasing slur
801 @cindex phrasing slur, dotted
802 @cindex dotted phrasing slurs
803 @cindex slur, dashed phrasing
804 @cindex slur, dotted phrasing
806 Phrasing slurs can be solid, dotted, or dashed. Solid is the default
807 style for phrasing slurs:
809 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
819 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfDashed
820 @funindex \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
821 @funindex \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
822 @funindex phrasingSlurHalfSolid
823 @cindex phrasing slur, half solid and half dashed
824 @cindex slur, half solid and half dashed phrasing
826 Phrasing slurs can also be made half-dashed (the first half dashed, the
827 second half solid) or half-solid (the first half solid, the second
830 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
832 \phrasingSlurHalfDashed
834 \phrasingSlurHalfSolid
840 @funindex \phrasingSlurDashPattern
841 @funindex phrasingSlurDashPattern
842 @cindex phrasing slur, defining dash patterns
843 @cindex slur, phrasing, defining dash patterns
844 @cindex slur, defining dash patterns for phrasing
846 Custom dash patterns for phrasing slurs can be defined:
848 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
850 \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.7 #0.75
852 \phrasingSlurDashPattern #0.5 #2.0
858 Dash pattern definitions for phrasing slurs have the same structure
859 as dash pattern definitions for slurs. For more information about
860 complex dash patterns, see the snippets under @ref{Slurs}.
863 @code{\phrasingSlurUp},
864 @code{\phrasingSlurDown},
865 @code{\phrasingSlurNeutral},
866 @code{\phrasingSlurDashed},
867 @code{\phrasingSlurDotted},
868 @code{\phrasingSlurHalfDashed},
869 @code{\phrasingSlurHalfSolid},
870 @code{\phrasingSlurDashPattern},
871 @code{\phrasingSlurSolid}.
877 @rlearning{On the un-nestedness of brackets and ties}.
880 @ref{Direction and placement},
884 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
887 @rinternals{PhrasingSlur}.
891 @unnumberedsubsubsec Breath marks
898 Breath marks are entered using @code{\breathe}:
900 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
904 A breath mark will end an automatic beam; to override this behavior, see
907 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
911 Musical indicators for breath marks in ancient notation,
912 divisiones, are supported. For details, see @ref{Divisiones}.
917 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
918 {changing-the-breath-mark-symbol.ly}
921 @cindex railroad tracks
923 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
924 {inserting-a-caesura.ly}
935 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
938 @rinternals{BreathingEvent},
939 @rinternals{BreathingSign},
940 @rinternals{Breathing_sign_engraver}.
943 @node Falls and doits
944 @unnumberedsubsubsec Falls and doits
951 @notation{Falls} and @notation{doits} can be added to notes using
952 the @code{\bendAfter} command. The direction of the fall or doit
953 is indicated with a plus or minus (up or down). The number
954 indicates the pitch interval that the fall or doit will extend
955 @emph{beyond} the main note.
957 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
966 The dash @code{-} immediately preceding the @code{\bendAfter}
967 command is @emph{required} when writing falls and doits.
972 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
973 {adjusting-the-shape-of-falls-and-doits.ly}
982 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
988 This section explains how to create various expressive marks that
989 follow a linear path: glissandos, arpeggios, and trills.
998 @unnumberedsubsubsec Glissando
1001 @funindex \glissando
1004 A @notation{glissando} is created by attaching @code{\glissando}
1007 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1012 Different styles of glissandi can be created. For details, see
1017 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1018 {contemporary-glissando.ly}
1029 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1031 Internals Reference:
1032 @rinternals{Glissando}.
1037 Printing text over the line (such as @notation{gliss.}) is not
1042 @unnumberedsubsubsec Arpeggio
1045 @cindex broken chord
1046 @cindex chord, broken
1050 @funindex \arpeggioArrowUp
1051 @funindex arpeggioArrowUp
1052 @funindex \arpeggioArrowDown
1053 @funindex arpeggioArrowDown
1054 @funindex \arpeggioNormal
1055 @funindex arpeggioNormal
1057 An @notation{arpeggio} on a chord (also known as a broken chord)
1058 is denoted by appending @code{\arpeggio} to the chord construct:
1060 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1064 Different types of arpeggios may be written.
1065 @code{\arpeggioNormal} reverts to a normal arpeggio:
1067 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1080 @cindex arpeggio symbols, special
1081 @cindex special arpeggio symbols
1083 @funindex \arpeggioBracket
1084 @funindex arpeggioBracket
1085 @funindex \arpeggioParenthesis
1086 @funindex arpeggioParenthesis
1087 @funindex \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1088 @funindex arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1090 Special @emph{bracketed} arpeggio symbols can be created:
1092 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
1098 \arpeggioParenthesis
1101 \arpeggioParenthesisDashed
1108 The dash properties of the parenthesis arpeggio are controlled
1109 with the @code{'dash-details} property, which is described at @ref{Slurs}.
1111 Arpeggios can be explicitly written out with ties. For more
1112 information, see @ref{Ties}.
1117 @code{\arpeggioArrowUp},
1118 @code{\arpeggioArrowDown},
1119 @code{\arpeggioNormal},
1120 @code{\arpeggioBracket},
1121 @code{\arpeggioParenthesis}
1122 @code{\arpeggioParenthesisDashed}.
1128 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1129 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-a-piano-staff.ly}
1131 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1132 {creating-cross-staff-arpeggios-in-other-contexts.ly}
1134 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
1135 {creating-arpeggios-across-notes-in-different-voices.ly}
1147 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1149 Internals Reference:
1150 @rinternals{Arpeggio},
1152 @rinternals{PianoStaff}.
1157 @cindex cross-staff parenthesis-style arpeggio
1158 @cindex arpeggio, parenthesis-style, cross-staff
1159 @cindex arpeggio, cross-staff parenthesis-style
1161 It is not possible to mix connected arpeggios and unconnected
1162 arpeggios in one @code{PianoStaff} at the same point in
1165 The parenthesis-style arpeggio brackets do not work for
1166 cross-staff arpeggios.
1170 @unnumberedsubsubsec Trills
1176 @funindex \startTrillSpan
1177 @funindex startTrillSpan
1178 @funindex \stopTrillSpan
1179 @funindex stopTrillSpan
1181 Short trills without an extender line are printed with
1182 @code{\trill}; see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
1184 Longer trills with an extender line are made with
1185 @code{\startTrillSpan} and @code{\stopTrillSpan}:
1187 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1194 A trill spanner crossing a line break will restart exactly above
1195 the first note on the new line.
1197 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1205 Consecutive trill spans will work without explicit
1206 @code{\stopTrillSpan} commands, since successive trill spanners will
1207 automatically become the right bound of the previous trill.
1209 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1217 Trills can also be combined with grace notes. The syntax of this
1218 construct and the method to precisely position the grace notes are
1219 described in @ref{Grace notes}.
1221 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1223 d1\startTrillSpan { c32[ d]\stopTrillSpan }
1227 @cindex pitched trills
1228 @cindex trills, pitched
1229 @funindex \pitchedTrill
1230 @funindex pitchedTrill
1232 Trills that require an auxiliary note with an explicit pitch can
1233 be typeset with the @code{\pitchedTrill} command. The first
1234 argument is the main note, and the second is the @emph{trilled}
1235 note, printed as a stemless note head in parentheses.
1237 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1239 d2\startTrillSpan fis
1245 @cindex pitched trill with accidental
1246 @cindex trill with accidental
1248 Subsequent accidentals of the same note in the same measure will need
1249 to be added manually. Only the accidental of the first pitched trill
1250 in a measure is printed.
1252 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
1254 eis4\startTrillSpan fis
1257 eis4\startTrillSpan cis
1260 eis4\startTrillSpan fis
1263 eis4\startTrillSpan fis!
1269 @code{\startTrillSpan},
1270 @code{\stopTrillSpan}.
1278 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
1282 @rlsr{Expressive marks}.
1284 Internals Reference:
1285 @rinternals{TrillSpanner}.