Merge branch 'master' into lilypond/translation

[lilypond.git] / Documentation / included / compile.itexi

@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-


@c DO NOT TRANSLATE THIS FILE

@c include any node/sections from the higher-level *texi file.
@c   @n ode Compiling from source
@c   @s ection Compiling from source


@menu
* Overview of compiling::
* Requirements::
* Getting the source code::
* Configuring make::
* Compiling LilyPond::
* Post-compilation options::
* Problems::
* Concurrent stable and development versions::
* Using a Virtual Machine to Compile LilyPond::
* Build system::
@end menu


@node Overview of compiling
@section Overview of compiling

Compiling LilyPond from source is an involved process, and is only
recommended for developers and packagers.  Typical program users
are instead encouraged to obtain the program from a package
manager (on Unix) or by downloading a precompiled binary
configured for a specific operating system.  Pre-compiled binaries
are available on the @rweb{Download} page.

Compiling LilyPond from source is necessary if you want to build,
install, or test your own version of the program.

A successful compile can also be used to generate and install the
documentation, incorporating any changes you may have made.
However, a successful compile is not a requirement for generating
the documentation.  The documentation can be built using a Git
repository in conjunction with a locally installed copy of the
program.  For more information, see @ref{Building documentation
without compiling}.

Attempts to compile LilyPond natively on Windows have been
unsuccessful, though a workaround is available (see @ref{Using a
Virtual Machine to Compile LilyPond}).


@node Requirements
@section Requirements


@menu
* Requirements for running LilyPond::
* Requirements for compiling LilyPond::
* Requirements for building documentation::
@end menu


@node Requirements for running LilyPond
@subsection Requirements for running LilyPond

Running LilyPond requires proper installation of the following
software:

@itemize
@item @uref{http://www.dejavu-fonts.org/, DejaVu fonts} (normally
installed by default)

@item @uref{http://www.fontconfig.org/, FontConfig} (2.4.0 or newer)

@item @uref{http://www.freetype.org/, Freetype} (2.1.10 or newer)

@item @uref{http://www.ghostscript.com, Ghostscript} (8.60 or
newer)

@item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/guile.html, Guile}
(1.8.2 or newer)

@item @uref{http://www.pango.org/, Pango} (1.12 or newer)

@item @uref{http://www.python.org, Python} (2.4 or newer)
@end itemize

International fonts are required to create music with
international text or lyrics.


@node Requirements for compiling LilyPond
@subsection Requirements for compiling LilyPond

Below is a full list of packages needed to build LilyPond.
However, for most common distributions there is an easy way of
installing most all build dependencies in one go:

@multitable @columnfractions .5 .5
@headitem Distribution @tab Command
@item Debian, Ubuntu
@tab @code{sudo apt-get build-dep lilypond}

@item Fedora, RHEL
@tab @code{sudo yum-builddep lilypond}

@item openSUSE, SLED
@c sorry for the idiosyncratic command, I really asked and argued
@c for "zypper build-dep" :-(
@tab @code{sudo zypper --build-deps-only source-install lilypond}
@end multitable

@itemize
@item Everything listed in @ref{Requirements for running
LilyPond}

@item Development packages for the above items (which should
include header files and libraries).

Red Hat Fedora:

@c ghostscript-devel-[version] isn't needed
@example
guile-devel-@var{version}
fontconfig-devel-@var{version}
freetype-devel-@var{version}
pango-devel-@var{version}
python-devel-@var{version}
@end example

Debian GNU/Linux:

@c libgs-dev isn't needed
@example
guile-@var{version}-dev
libfontconfig1-dev
libfreetype6-dev
libpango1.0-dev
python@var{version}-dev
@end example

@item @uref{http://flex.sourceforge.net/, Flex}

@item @uref{http://fontforge.sf.net/, FontForge} (20060125 or
newer)

@item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/, GNU Bison}

@item @uref{http://gcc.gnu.org/, GNU Compiler Collection} (3.4 or
newer, 4.@var{x} recommended)

@item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html, GNU
gettext} (0.17 or newer)

@item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/make/, GNU Make} (3.78 or
newer)

@item @uref{http://metafont.tutorial.free.fr/, MetaFont}
(mf-nowin, mf, mfw or mfont binaries), usually packaged with
@uref{http://www.latex-project.org/ftp.html, @TeX{}}.

@item @uref{http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html,
MetaPost} (mpost binary), usually packaged with
@uref{http://www.latex-project.org/ftp.html, @TeX{}}.

@item @uref{http://www.perl.org/, Perl}

@item @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/, Texinfo} (4.11
or newer)

@item @uref{http://www.lcdf.org/~eddietwo/type/#t1utils, Type 1
utilities} (1.33 or newer recommended)
@end itemize


@node Requirements for building documentation
@subsection Requirements for building documentation

You can view the documentation online at
@uref{http://www.lilypond.org/doc/}, but you can also build it
locally.  This process requires some additional tools and
packages:

@itemize
@item Everything listed in @ref{Requirements for compiling
LilyPond}

@item @uref{http://www.imagemagick.org/, ImageMagick}

@item @uref{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/, Netpbm}

@item @uref{http://rsync.samba.org/, rsync}

@item @uref{http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/, Texi2HTML} (1.82)

@item International fonts

Red Hat Fedora:

@example
fonts-arabic
fonts-hebrew
fonts-ja
fonts-xorg-truetype
taipeifonts
ttfonts-ja
ttfonts-zh_CN
@end example

Debian GNU/Linux:

@example
emacs-intl-fonts
ttf-kochi-gothic
ttf-kochi-mincho
xfonts-bolkhov-75dpi
xfonts-cronyx-75dpi
xfonts-cronyx-100dpi
xfonts-intl-.*
@end example
@end itemize


@node Getting the source code
@section Getting the source code


@subheading Downloading the Git repository

In general, developers compile LilyPond from within a local Git
repository.  Setting up a local Git repository is explained in
@rcontrib{Starting with Git}.


@subheading Downloading a source tarball

Packagers are encouraged to use source tarballs for compiling.

The tarball for the latest stable release is available on the
@rweb{Source} page.

@noindent
The latest
@uref{http://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=lilypond.git;a=snapshot, source code snapshot}
is also available as a tarball from the GNU Savannah Git server.

@noindent
All tagged releases (including legacy stable
versions and the most recent development release) are available
here:

@example
@uref{http://download.linuxaudio.org/lilypond/source/}
@end example

Download the tarball to your @file{~/src/} directory, or some
other appropriate place.

@warning{Be careful where you unpack the tarball!  Any
subdirectories of the current folder named @file{lilypond/} or
@file{lilypond-@var{x.y.z}/} (where @var{x.y.z} is the release
number) will be overwritten if there is a name clash with the
tarball.}

Unpack the tarball with this command:

@example
tar -xzf lilypond-@var{x.y.z}.tar.gz
@end example

This creates a subdirectory within the current directory called
@file{lilypond-@var{x.y.z}/}.  Once unpacked, the source files
occupy about 40 MB of disk space.

Windows users wanting to look at the source code may have to
download and install the free-software
@uref{http://www.7-zip.org, 7zip archiver} to extract the tarball.


@node Configuring make
@section Configuring @command{make}


@menu
* Running ./autogen.sh::
* Running ./configure::
@end menu


@node Running ./autogen.sh
@subsection Running @command{./autogen.sh}

After you unpack the tarball (or download the Git repository), the
contents of your top source directory should be similar to the
current source tree listed at
@uref{http://git.sv.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=lilypond.git;a=tree}.

Next, you need to create the generated files; enter the following
command from your top source directory:

@example
./autogen.sh
@end example

This will:

@enumerate
@item generate a number of files and directories to aid
configuration, such as @file{configure}, @file{README.txt}, etc.

@item automatically run the @command{./configure} command.
@end enumerate


@node Running ./configure
@subsection Running @command{./configure}

@menu
* Configuration options::
* Checking build dependencies::
* Configuring target directories::
* Making an out-of-tree build::
@end menu


@node Configuration options
@unnumberedsubsubsec Configuration options

The @command{./configure} command (generated by
@command{./autogen.sh}) provides many options for configuring
@command{make}.  To see them all, run:

@example
./configure --help
@end example


@node Checking build dependencies
@unnumberedsubsubsec Checking build dependencies

When @command{./configure} is run without any arguments, it will
check to make sure your system has everything required for
compilation.  This is done automatically when
@command{./autogen.sh} is run.  If any build dependency is
missing, @command{./configure} will return with:

@example
ERROR: Please install required programs:  @var{foo}
@end example

The following message is issued if you are missing programs that
are only needed for building the documentation:

@example
WARNING: Please consider installing optional programs:  @var{bar}
@end example

If you intend to build the documentation locally, you will need to
install or update these programs accordingly.

@warning{@command{./configure} may fail to issue warnings for
certain documentation build requirements that are not met.  If you
experience problems when building the documentation, you may need
to do a manual check of @ref{Requirements for building
documentation}.}


@node Configuring target directories
@unnumberedsubsubsec Configuring target directories

If you intend to use your local build to install a local copy of
the program, you will probably want to configure the installation
directory.  Here are the relevant lines taken from the output of
@command{./configure@tie{}--help}:

@quotation
By default, `@command{make@tie{}install}' will install all the
files in @file{/usr/local/bin}, @file{/usr/local/lib} etc.  You
can specify an installation prefix other than @file{/usr/local}
using `@code{--prefix}', for instance `@code{--prefix=$HOME}'.
@end quotation

A typical installation prefix is @file{$HOME/usr}:

@example
./configure --prefix=$HOME/usr
@end example

Note that if you plan to install a local build on a system where
you do not have root privileges, you will need to do something
like this anyway---@command{make@tie{}install} will only succeed
if the installation prefix points to a directory where you have
write permission (such as your home directory).  The installation
directory will be automatically created if necessary.

The location of the @command{lilypond} command installed by this
process will be @file{@var{prefix}/bin/lilypond}; you may want to
add @file{@var{prefix}/bin/} to your @code{$PATH} if it is not
already included.

It is also possible to specify separate installation directories
for different types of program files.  See the full output of
@command{./configure@tie{}--help} for more information.

If you encounter any problems, please see @ref{Problems}.


@node Making an out-of-tree build
@unnumberedsubsubsec Making an out-of-tree build

It is possible to compile LilyPond in a build tree different from
the source tree, using the @option{--srcdir} option of
@command{configure}.  Note that in some cases you may need to
remove the output of a previous @command{configure} command by
running @command{make@tie{}distclean} in the main source directory
before configuring the out-of-tree build:

@example
make distclean
mkdir lily-build && cd lily-build
@var{sourcedir}/configure --srcdir=@var{sourcedir}
@end example


@node Compiling LilyPond
@section Compiling LilyPond


@menu
* Using make::
* Saving time with the -j option::
* Compiling for multiple platforms::
* Useful make variables::
@end menu


@node Using make
@subsection Using @command{make}

LilyPond is compiled with the @command{make} command.  Assuming
@command{make} is configured properly, you can simply run:

@example
make
@end example

@samp{make} is short for @samp{make all}.  To view a list of @command{make}
targets, run:

@example
make help
@end example

TODO: Describe what @command{make} actually does.


@node Saving time with the -j option
@subsection Saving time with the @option{-j} option

If your system has multiple CPUs, you can speed up compilation by
adding @samp{-j@var{X}} to the @command{make} command, where
@samp{@var{X}} is one more than the number of cores you have.  For
example, a typical Core2Duo machine would use:

@example
make -j3
@end example

If you get errors using the @option{-j} option, and @samp{make}
succeeds without it, try lowering the @code{@var{X}} value.

Because multiple jobs run in parallel when @option{-j} is used, it can
be difficult to determine the source of an error when one occurs.  In
that case, running @samp{make} without the @option{-j} is advised.

@node Compiling for multiple platforms
@subsection Compiling for multiple platforms

If you want to build multiple versions of LilyPond with different
configuration settings, you can use the
@code{--enable-config=@var{CONF}} option of @command{configure}.
You should use @code{make@tie{}conf=@var{CONF}} to generate the
output in @file{out-@var{CONF}}.  For example, suppose you want to
build with and without profiling, then use the following for the
normal build

@example
./configure --prefix=$HOME/usr/ --enable-checking
make
@end example

and for the profiling version, specify a different configuration

@example
./configure --prefix=$HOME/usr/ --enable-profiling \
  --enable-config=prof --disable-checking
make conf=prof
@end example

If you wish to install a copy of the build with profiling, don't
forget to use @code{conf=@var{CONF}} when issuing
@command{make@tie{}install}:

@example
make conf=prof install
@end example


@seealso
@ref{Installing LilyPond from a local build}


@node Useful make variables
@subsection Useful @command{make} variables

If a less verbose build output if desired, the variable
@code{QUIET_BUILD} may be set to @code{1} on @command{make}
command line, or in @file{local.make} at top of the build tree.


@node Post-compilation options
@section Post-compilation options


@menu
* Installing LilyPond from a local build::
* Generating documentation::
* Testing LilyPond::
@end menu


@node Installing LilyPond from a local build
@subsection Installing LilyPond from a local build

If you configured @command{make} to install your local build in a
directory where you normally have write permission (such as your
home directory), and you have compiled LilyPond by running
@command{make}, you can install the program in your target
directory by running:

@example
make install
@end example

If instead, your installation directory is not one that you can
normally write to (such as the default @file{/usr/local/}, which
typically is only writeable by the superuser), you will need to
temporarily become the superuser when running
@command{make@tie{}install}:

@example
sudo make install
@end example

@noindent
or...

@example
su -c 'make install'
@end example

If you don't have superuser privileges, then you need to configure
the installation directory to one that you can write to, and then
re-install.  See @ref{Configuring target directories}.


@node Generating documentation
@subsection Generating documentation


@menu
* Documentation editor's edit/compile cycle::
* Building documentation::
* Saving time with CPU_COUNT::
* AJAX search::
* Installing documentation::
* Building documentation without compiling::
@end menu


@node Documentation editor's edit/compile cycle
@unnumberedsubsubsec Documentation editor's edit/compile cycle

@itemize
@item
Initial documentation build:

@example
make [-j@var{X}]
make [-j@var{X} CPU_COUNT=@var{X}] doc  @emph{## can take an hour or more}
@end example

@item
Edit/compile cycle:

@example
@emph{## edit source files, then...}

make [-j@var{X}]                  @emph{## needed if editing outside}
                            @emph{##   Documentation/, but useful anyway}
                            @emph{##   for finding Texinfo errors.}
touch Documentation/*te??   @emph{## bug workaround}
make [-j@var{X} CPU_COUNT=@var{X}] doc  @emph{## usually faster than initial build.}
@end example

@item
Reset:

@example
make doc-clean              @emph{## use only as a last resort.}
@end example
@end itemize

@node Building documentation
@unnumberedsubsubsec Building documentation

After a successful compile (using @command{make}), the
documentation can be built by issuing:

@example
make doc
@end example

The first time you run @command{make@tie{}doc}, the process can
easily take an hour or more.  After that, @command{make@tie{}doc}
only makes changes to the pre-built documentation where needed,
so it may only take a minute or two to test changes if the
documentation is already built.

If @command{make@tie{}doc} succeeds, the HTML documentation tree
is available in @file{out-www/offline-root/}, and can be browsed
locally.  Various portions of the documentation can be found by
looking in @file{out/} and @file{out-www} subdirectories in other
places in the source tree, but these are only @emph{portions} of
the docs.  Please do not complain about anything which is broken
in those places; the only complete set of documentation is in
@file{out-www/offline-root/} from the top of the source tree.

Compilation of documentation in Info format with images can be
done separately by issuing:

@example
make info
@end example

@knownissues

If source files have changed since the last documentation build,
output files that need to be rebuilt are normally rebuilt, even if
you do not run @code{make@tie{}doc-clean} first.  However, build
dependencies in the documentation are so complex that some
newly-edited files may not be rebuilt as they should be; a
workaround is to @command{touch} the top source file for any
manual you've edited.  For example, if you make changes to a file
in @file{notation/}, do:

@example
touch Documentation/notation.tely
@end example

@noindent
The top sources possibly affected by this are:

@example
Documentation/extend.texi
Documentation/changes.tely
Documentation/contributor.texi
Documentation/essay.tely
Documentation/extending.tely
Documentation/learning.tely
Documentation/notation.tely
Documentation/snippets.tely
Documentation/usage.tely
Documentation/web.texi
@end example

@noindent
You can @command{touch} all of them at once with:

@example
touch Documentation/*te??
@end example

@noindent
However, this will rebuild all of the manuals
indiscriminately---it is more efficient to @command{touch} only
the affected files.


@node Saving time with CPU_COUNT
@unnumberedsubsubsec Saving time with @code{CPU_COUNT}

The most time consuming task for building the documentation is
running LilyPond to build images of music, and there cannot be
several simultaneously running @command{lilypond-book} instances,
so the @option{-j} @command{make} option does not significantly
speed up the build process.  To help speed it up, the makefile
variable @option{CPU_COUNT} may be set in @file{local.make} or on
the command line to the number of @code{.ly} files that LilyPond
should process simultaneously, e.g. on a bi-processor or dual core
machine:

@example
make -j3 CPU_COUNT=3 doc
@end example

@noindent
The recommended value of @option{CPU_COUNT} is one plus the number
of cores or processors, but it is advisable to set it to a smaller
value unless your system has enough RAM to run that many
simultaneous LilyPond instances.  Also, values for the @option{-j}
option that pose problems with @samp{make} are less likely to pose
problems with @samp{make doc} (this applies to both @option{-j}
and @option{CPU_COUNT}).  For example, with a quad-core processor,
it is possible for @samp{make -j5 CPU_COUNT=5 doc} to work
consistently even if @samp{make -j5} rarely succeeds.


@node AJAX search
@unnumberedsubsubsec AJAX search

To build the documentation with interactive searching, use:

@example
make doc AJAX_SEARCH=1
@end example

This requires PHP, and you must view the docs via a http
connection (you cannot view them on your local filesystem).

@warning{Due to potential security or load issues, this option is
not enabled in the official documentation builds.  Enable at your
own risk.}


@node Installing documentation
@unnumberedsubsubsec Installing documentation

The HTML, PDF and if available Info files can be installed into
the standard documentation path by issuing

@example
make install-doc
@end example

@noindent
This also installs Info documentation with images if the
installation prefix is properly set; otherwise, instructions to
complete proper installation of Info documentation are printed on
standard output.

To install the Info documentation separately, run:

@example
make install-info
@end example

@noindent
Note that to get the images in Info documentation, @code{install-doc}
target creates symbolic links to HTML and PDF installed documentation
tree in @file{@var{prefix}/share/info}, in order to save disk space,
whereas @code{install-info} copies images in
@file{@var{prefix}/share/info} subdirectories.

It is possible to build a documentation tree in
@file{out-www/online-root/}, with special processing, so it can be
used on a website with content negotiation for automatic language
selection; this can be achieved by issuing

@example
make WEB_TARGETS=online doc
@end example

@noindent
and both @q{offline} and @q{online} targets can be generated by issuing

@example
make WEB_TARGETS="offline online" doc
@end example

Several targets are available to clean the documentation build and
help with maintaining documentation; an overview of these targets is
available with

@example
make help
@end example

@noindent
from every directory in the build tree.  Most targets for
documentation maintenance are available from
@file{Documentation/}; for more information, see
@rcontrib{Documentation work}.

The makefile variable @code{QUIET_BUILD} may be set to @code{1}
for a less verbose build output, just like for building the
programs.


@node Building documentation without compiling
@unnumberedsubsubsec Building documentation without compiling


The documentation can be built locally without compiling LilyPond
binary, if LilyPond is already installed on your system.

From a fresh Git checkout, do

@example
./autogen.sh   # ignore any warning messages
cp GNUmakefile.in GNUmakefile
make -C scripts && make -C python
nice make LILYPOND_EXTERNAL_BINARY=/path/to/bin/lilypond doc
@end example

Please note that this may break sometimes -- for example, if a new
feature is added with a test file in input/regression, even the latest
development release of LilyPond will fail to build the docs.

You may build the manual without building all the @file{input/*} stuff
(i.e. mostly regression tests): change directory, for example to
@file{Documentation/}, issue @code{make doc}, which will build
documentation in a subdirectory @file{out-www} from the source files in
current directory.  In this case, if you also want to browse the
documentation in its post-processed form, change back to top directory
and issue

@example
make out=www WWW-post
@end example

@knownissues

You may also need to create a script for @command{pngtopnm} and
@code{pnmtopng}.  On GNU/Linux, I use this:

@verbatim
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib
exec /usr/bin/pngtopnm "$@"
@end verbatim

On MacOS X with fink, I use this:

@verbatim
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/sw/lib
exec /sw/bin/pngtopnm "$@"
@end verbatim

On MacOS X with macports, you should use this:

@verbatim
export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib
exec /opt/local/bin/pngtopnm "$@"
@end verbatim


@node Testing LilyPond
@subsection Testing LilyPond


LilyPond comes with an extensive suite that exercises the entire
program. This suite can be used to automatically check the impact
of a change.

@menu
* Developer's edit/compile/test cycle::
* Other tests::
@end menu

@node Developer's edit/compile/test cycle
@unnumberedsubsubsec Developer's edit/compile/test cycle

TODO: is @code{[-j@var{X} CPU_COUNT=@var{X}]} useful for
@code{test-baseline}, @code{check}, @code{clean},
@code{test-redo}?

@itemize
@item
Initial test:

@example
make [-j@var{X}]
make test-baseline
make [-j@var{X} CPU_COUNT=@var{X}] check
@end example

@item
Edit/compile/test cycle:

@example
@emph{## edit source files, then...}

make clean                    @emph{## only if needed (see below)}
make [-j@var{X}]                    @emph{## only if needed (see below)}
make test-redo                @emph{## redo files differing from baseline}
make [-j@var{X} CPU_COUNT=@var{X}] check  @emph{## CPU_COUNT here?}
@end example

@item
Reset:

@example
make test-clean
@end example
@end itemize

If you modify any source files that have to be compiled (such as
@file{.cc} or @file{.hh} files in @file{flower/} or @file{lily/}),
then you must run @command{make} before @command{make test-redo},
so @command{make} can compile the modified files and relink all
the object files.  If you only modify files which are interpreted,
like those in the @file{scm/} and @file{ly/} directories, then
@command{make} is not needed before @command{make test-redo}.

Also, if you modify any font definitions in the @file{mf/}
directory then you must run @command{make clean} and
@command{make} before running @command{make test-redo}.  This will
recompile everything, whether modified or not, and takes a lot
longer.

Running @command{make@tie{}check} will leave an HTML page
@file{out/test-results/index.html}.  This page shows all the
important differences that your change introduced, whether in the
layout, MIDI, performance or error reporting.


@node Other tests
@unnumberedsubsubsec Other tests

For tracking memory usage as part of this test, you will need
GUILE CVS; especially the following patch:
@uref{http://www.lilypond.org/vc/old/gub.darcs/patches/guile-1.9-gcstats.patch}.

For checking the coverage of the test suite, do the following

@example
./scripts/auxiliar/build-coverage.sh
@emph{# uncovered files, least covered first}
./scripts/auxiliar/coverage.py  --summary out-cov/*.cc
@emph{# consecutive uncovered lines, longest first}
./scripts/auxiliar/coverage.py  --uncovered out-cov/*.cc
@end example


@node Problems
@section Problems

For help and questions use @email{lilypond-user@@gnu.org}.  Send
bug reports to @email{bug-lilypond@@gnu.org}.

Bugs that are not fault of LilyPond are documented here.

@unnumberedsubsubsec Bison 1.875

There is a bug in bison-1.875: compilation fails with "parse error
before `goto'" in line 4922 due to a bug in bison.  To fix, please
recompile bison 1.875 with the following fix

@example
$ cd lily; make out/parser.cc
$ vi +4919 out/parser.cc
# append a semicolon to the line containing "__attribute__ ((__unused__))
# save
$ make
@end example


@unnumberedsubsubsec Compiling on MacOS@tie{}X

Here are special instructions for compiling under MacOS@tie{}X.
These instructions assume that dependencies are installed using
@uref{http://www.macports.org/, MacPorts.} The instructions have
been tested using OS X 10.5 (Leopard).

First, install the relevant dependencies using MacPorts.

Next, add the following to your relevant shell initialization
files. This is @code{~/.profile} by default. You should create
this file if it does not exist.

@example
export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH
export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/local/lib:$DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH
@end example

Now you must edit the generated @code{config.make} file.  Change

@example
FLEXLEXER_FILE = /usr/include/FlexLexer.h
@end example

@noindent
to:

@example
FLEXLEXER_FILE = /opt/local/include/FlexLexer.h
@end example

At this point, you should verify that you have the appropriate
fonts installed with your ghostscript installation. Check @code{ls
/opt/local/share/ghostscript/fonts} for: 'c0590*' files (.pfb,
.pfb and .afm).  If you don't have them, run the following
commands to grab them from the ghostscript SVN server and install
them in the appropriate location:

@example
svn export http://svn.ghostscript.com/ghostscript/tags/urw-fonts-1.0.7pre44/
sudo mv urw-fonts-1.0.7pre44/* /opt/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/
rm -rf urw-fonts-1.07pre44
@end example

Now run the @code{./configure} script. To avoid complications with
automatic font detection, add

@example
--with-ncsb-dir=/opt/local/share/ghostscript/fonts
@end example


@unnumberedsubsubsec Solaris

Solaris7, ./configure

@file{./configure} needs a POSIX compliant shell.  On Solaris7,
@file{/bin/sh} is not yet POSIX compliant, but @file{/bin/ksh} or bash
is.  Run configure like

@example
CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/ksh ksh -c ./configure
@end example

@noindent
or

@example
CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash bash -c ./configure
@end example

@unnumberedsubsubsec FreeBSD

To use system fonts, dejaview must be installed.  With the default
port, the fonts are installed in @file{usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/dejavu}.

Open the file @file{$LILYPONDBASE/usr/etc/fonts/local.conf} and add the
following line just after the @code{<fontconfig>} line.  (Adjust as necessary
for your hierarchy.)

@example
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir>
@end example


@unnumberedsubsubsec International fonts

On Mac OS X, all fonts are installed by default.  However, finding all
system fonts requires a bit of configuration; see
@uref{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2007-03/msg00472.html,
this post} on the @code{lilypond-user} mailing list.

On Linux, international fonts are installed by different means on
every distribution.  We cannot list the exact commands or packages
that are necessary, as each distribution is different, and the exact
package names within each distribution changes.  Here are some
hints, though:

@verbatim
Red Hat Fedora

    taipeifonts fonts-xorg-truetype ttfonts-ja fonts-arabic \
         ttfonts-zh_CN fonts-ja fonts-hebrew

Debian GNU/Linux

   apt-get install emacs-intl-fonts xfonts-intl-.* \
        ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho \
        xfonts-bolkhov-75dpi xfonts-cronyx-100dpi xfonts-cronyx-75dpi
@end verbatim


@unnumberedsubsubsec Using lilypond python libraries

If you want to use lilypond's python libraries (either running
certain build scripts manually, or using them in other programs),
set @code{PYTHONPATH} to @file{python/out} in your build
directory, or @file{.../usr/lib/lilypond/current/python} in the
installation directory structure.




@node Concurrent stable and development versions
@section Concurrent stable and development versions


It can be useful to have both the stable and the development versions
of Lilypond available at once. One way to do this on GNU/Linux is to
install the stable version using the precompiled binary, and run the
development version from the source tree. After running @command{make
all} from the top directory of the Lilypond source files, there will
be a binary called @code{lilypond} in the @code{out} directory:

@example
<@var{path to}>/lilypond/out/bin/lilypond
@end example

This binary can be run without actually doing the @code{make
install} command. The advantage to this is that you can have all
of the latest changes available after pulling from git and running
@code{make all}, without having to uninstall the old version and
reinstall the new.

So, to use the stable version, install it as usual and use the
normal commands:

@example
lilypond foobar.ly
@end example

To use the development version, create a link to the binary in the
source tree by saving the following line in a file somewhere in your
@code{$PATH}:

@example
exec <@var{path to}>/lilypond/out/bin/lilypond "$@@"
@end example

Save it as @code{Lilypond} (with a capital L to distinguish it
from the stable @code{lilypond}), and make it executable:

@example
chmod +x Lilypond
@end example

Then you can invoke the development version this way:

@example
Lilypond foobar.ly
@end example


TODO: ADD

- other compilation tricks for developers


@node Using a Virtual Machine to Compile LilyPond
@section Using a Virtual Machine to Compile LilyPond


TODO: rewrite for lily-git.tcl !!!  do before GOP!  -gp

Since it is not possible to compile Lilypond on Windows, some
developers may find it useful to install a GNU/Linux virtual
machine. A disk image with a special remix of @strong{Ubuntu}
has been created for this purpose. It has all of the Lilypond
build dependencies in place, so that once installed, it is
ready to compile both Lilypond and the Documentation.
The @code{lilybuntu} remix is available for download here:

@example
@uref{http://@/files.lilynet.net/@/lilybuntu.iso}
@end example

We do not necessarily recommend any one virtualization tool,
however the @code{lilybuntu} remix is known to work well on
@uref{http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads, Sun VirtualBox},
which is a free download. Consult your virtualization software's
documentation for instructions on setting up the software and
for general instructions on installing a virtual machine.

Steps to setting up @code{lilybuntu} in a virtual machine:

@enumerate
@item Download the @code{lilybuntu} disk image.

@item Install @code{lilybuntu}. You will use the @code{.iso}
file as the boot disk. It should not be necessary to burn it
to a DVD, but consult the documentation for your virtualization
software for specific instructions. If possible, use at least
the recommended amount of RAM for the virtual machine (384 MB on
VirtualBox), and use a dynamically expanding virtual hard drive.
A virtual hard drive with 6 GB will be enough to compile LilyPond,
but if you intend to build the docs and run the regression tests
the virtual hard drive should be at least 10 GB.
The Ubuntu installation should be straightforward, although in the
partitioning stage do not be afraid to select @qq{use entire disk,}
since this is only your @strong{virtual disk} and not your
machine's actual hard drive.

@item After installation is complete, restart the virtual
machine.  If you are using @strong{VirtualBox}, you may wish
to install the @qq{Guest Additions}, which while not essential for
compiling @code{Lilypond} will allow you to use the virtual machine
in full screen, Seamless mode (also known as Unity mode on other
virtualization platforms) and allow you to share clipboards between
the physical and virtual machine.  From the @code{Devices} menu select
@code{Install Guest Additions...}, the @code{VBOXADDITIONS} CDROM device
will appear on the desktop.  Open a @strong{terminal} session.
(@code{Applications > Accessories > Terminal}) and @code{cd} to the
top level of the CDROM.  Run the @code{autorun.sh} script as superuser
(@code{sudo ./autorun.sh }), a console window will open while the
@qq{Guest Additions} are being installed.  Once the script has
been finished, reboot your Virtual Machine to complete the installation
of the @qq{Guest Additions}.

@item Open a @strong{terminal} session.
(@code{Applications > Accessories > Terminal})

@item Open @strong{Firefox} (there's an icon for it on the
panel at the top of the screen) and go to the online Lilypond
@uref{http://lilypond.org/doc/latest/Documentation/contributor/,
Contributor's Guide}.

@item To retrieve the Lilypond source code from @code{git},
copy-and-paste each command from the CG @qq{Main source code}
section into the terminal. (paste into the terminal with keystroke
@code{CTRL+SHIFT+V})

@item Prepare to build Lilypond by running the configuration script.
Type

@example
./autogen.sh
@end example

When it is finished you should be presented
with the three most common @code{make} options:

@example
Type:
    make all       to build LilyPond
    make install   to install LilyPond
    make help      to see all possible targets

Edit local.make for local Makefile overrides.
@end example

@item First type @code{make all} to build Lilypond. This will take
a while.

@item When Lilypond is finished building, build the documentation
by typing

@example
make doc
@end example

Depending on your system specs it could take from 30-60 minutes
to finish.

@end enumerate

At this point everything has been compiled.
You may install Lilypond using @code{make install}, or you may wish
to set up your system with concurrent stable and development
versions as described in the previous section.


@node Build system
@section Build system


We currently use make and stepmake, which is complicated and only
used by us.  Hopefully this will change in the future.


@subsubheading Version-specific texinfo macors

@itemize

@item
made with @command{scripts/build/create-version-itexi.py} and@*
@command{scripts/build/create-weblinks-itexi.py}

@item
used extensively in the @code{WEBSITE_ONLY_BUILD} version of the
website (made with website.make, used on lilypond.org)

@item
not (?) used in the main docs?

@item
the numbers in VERSION file: MINOR_VERSION should be 1 more than
the last release, VERSION_DEVEL should be the last @strong{online}
release.  Yes, VERSION_DEVEL is less than VERSION.

@end itemize