2 % title =The music notation with computer bibliography
3 % author =Han-Wen Nienhuys
6 @String{CitH = {Computing and the Humanities}}
7 @String{CMJ = {Computer Music Journal}}
11 title = {Editing and Printing Music by Computer},
12 author = {Leland Smith},
13 totalentry = {Journal of Music Theory},
16 note = {Gourlay [gourlay86] writes: A discussion of Smith's
17 music-printing system SCORE}
22 title = {A System for Music Printing by Computer},
23 author = {Donald Byrd},
24 journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
30 author = {R. F. Ericson},
31 title = {The DARMS Project: A status report},
32 journal = {Computing in the humanities},
37 note = {Gourlay [gourlay86] writes: A discussion of the design
38 and potential uses of the DARMS music-description language.}
44 title = {A Computer-Oriented System for Music Printing},
45 author = {David A. Gomberg},
46 school = {Washington University},
50 title = {A Computer-oriented System for Music Printing},
51 author = {David A. Gomberg},
57 note = {Gourlay [gourlay86] writes: "A discussion of the
58 problems of representing the conventions of musical notation in
59 computer algorithms."}
63 @TechReport{Ornstein83,
64 author = {Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
65 title = {Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
66 institution = {Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
67 address = {3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304},
74 author = {Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
75 title = {Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
80 note = {A discussion of an interactive and graphical computer system
81 for music composition}
87 title = {Music Notation by Computer},
88 author = {Donald Byrd},
89 school = {Indiana University},
90 note = {Describes the SMUT (sic) system for automated music printout.}
93 @InProceedings{assayaag86,
94 author = {G. Assayaag and D. Timis},
95 title = {A Toolbox for music notation},
96 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference},
102 title = {Music Formatting Guidelines},
104 number = {OSU-CISRC-3/88-TR10},
105 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
106 note = {Rules on formatting music formulated for use in
107 computers. Mainly distilled from [Ross] HWN},
113 author = {Donald Byrd},
114 title = {Music Notation Software and Intelligence},
115 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
120 note = {Byrd (author of Nightingale) shows four problematic
121 fragments of notation, and rants about notation programs that try to
122 exhibit intelligent behaviour. HWN}
126 @Article{field-richards93,
127 author = {H.S. Field-Richards},
128 title = {Cadenza: A Music Description Language},
134 note = {A description through examples of a music entry language.
135 Apparently it has no formal semantics. There is also no
136 implementation of notation convertor. HWN}
141 author = {Herbert Bielawa},
142 title = {Review of Sibelius 7},
145 note = {A raving review/tutorial of Sibelius 7 for Acorn. (And did
146 they seriously program a RISC chip in ... assembler ?!) HWN}
152 author = {Donald Sloan},
153 title = {Aspects of Music Representation in HyTime/SMDL},
158 note = {An introduction into HyTime and its score description variant
159 SMDL. With a short example that is quite lengthy in SMDL}
164 author = {Geraint Wiggins and Eduardo Miranda and Alaaaan Smaill and Mitch Harris},
165 title = {A Framework for the evaluation of music representation systems},
170 note = {A categorisation of music representation systems (languages,
171 OO systems etc) splitted into high level and low level expressiveness.
172 The discussion of Charm and parallel processing for music
173 representation is rather vague. HWN}
177 @Article{dannenberg93,
178 author = {Roger B. Dannenberg},
179 title = {Music Representation: Issues, Techniques, and Systems},
184 url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.44.6067},
185 note = {This article points to some problems and solutions with music
186 representation. HWN},
189 @Article{rothstein93,
190 author = {Joseph Rothstein},
191 title = {Review of Passport Designs' Encore Music Notation Software},
197 author = {Alan Belkin},
198 title = {Macintosh Notation Software: Present and Future},
203 note = {Some music notation systems are analysed for ease of use,
204 MIDI handling. The article ends with a plea for a standard notation
208 @InProceedings{montel97,
209 author = {Dominique Montel},
210 title = {La gravure de la musique, lisibilité esthétique, respect de l'oevre},
211 booktitle = {Musique \& Notations},
214 editors = {Genevois \& Orlarey}
218 note = {Annual editions since 1985, many containing surveys of music typesetting technology. SP},
219 title = {Directory of Computer Assisted Research in Musicology},
220 author = {Walter B Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
221 totalentry = {Menlo Park, CA: Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities},
224 @Book{selfridge-field97:_beyon_midi,
225 title = {Beyond MIDI: the handbook of musical codes},
226 editor = {Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
227 publisher = {MIT Press},
229 note = {A description of various music interchange formats.}
232 @InProceedings{hoos98:_guido_music_notat_format,
233 title = {The {GUIDO} Music Notation Format---A Novel Approach
234 for Adequately Representing Score-level Music},
235 author = {H. H. Hoos and K. A. Hamel and K. Renz and J. Kilian},
236 booktitle = {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference},
241 @Article {blostein91,
242 note = {This paper provides a overview of the algorithm used in LIME
243 for spacing individual lines. HWN},
245 title = {Justification of Printed Music},
246 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
247 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
256 title = {The Tilia Music Representation: Extensibility, Abstraction, and Notation Contexts for the Lime Music Editor},
257 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
258 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
265 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
266 title = {The Lime Music Editor: A Diagram Editor Involving Complex
268 journal = {Software Practice and Experience},
274 note = {A description of various conversions, decisions and issues
275 relating to this interactive editor HWN},
278 @InProceedings{haken95,
280 title = {A New Algorithm for Horizontal Spacing of Printed Music},
281 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
282 booktitle = {International Computer Music Conference},
286 note = {This describes an algorithm which uses springs between
290 @InProceedings{bouzaiene98:_une,
291 author = {Nabil Bouzaiene and Loïc Le Gall and Emmanuel Saint-James},
292 title = {Une bibliothèque pour la notation musicale baroque},
293 booktitle = {EP '98},
296 note = {Describes ATYS, an extension to Berlioz, that can mimick
297 handwritten baroque style beams}
300 @InProceedings{balaban88,
301 author = {M. Balaban},
302 title = {A Music Workstation Based on Multiple Hierarchical Views of Music},
303 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 International Computer Music Conference},
305 address = {San Francisco},
306 organization = {International Computer Music Association}
312 @TechReport {gourlay87-spacing,
313 annote = {Algorithm for generating spacing in one line of (polyphonic) music, tailored for use with MusiCopy. LilyPond uses a variant of it.},
315 title = {Spacing a Line of Music,},
316 author = {John S. Gourlay},
317 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR35},
318 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
321 @TechReport {parish87,
322 annote = {A brief overview of {MusiCopy}},
324 title = {{MusiCopy}: An automated Music Formatting System},
325 author = {Allen Parish and Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay and Dean K. Roush and F. Javier Sola},
326 totalentry = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR29},
327 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
330 @TechReport {gourlay87-formatting,
331 note = {This paper discusses the development of algorithms for the
332 formatting of musical scores (from abstract). It also appeared at
333 PROTEXT III, Ireland 1986},
335 title = {Computer Formatting of Music},
336 author = {John S. Gourlay and A. Parrish
337 and D. Roush and F. Sola and Y. Tien},
338 number = {OSU-CISRC-2/87-TR3},
339 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
340 The Ohio State University},
343 @TechReport {hegazy87,
345 title = {On the Implementation of the {MusiCopy} Language Processor,},
346 author = {Wael A. Hegazy},
347 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR34},
348 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
349 note = {Describes the "parser" which converts MusiCopy MDL to
350 MusiCopy Simultaneities and columns.
352 MDL is short for Music Description Language [gourlay86]. It
353 accepts music descriptions that are organised into measures filled
354 with voices, which are filled with notes. The measures can be arranged
355 simultaneously or sequentially. To address the 2-dimensionality,
356 almost all constructs in MDL must be labeled.
358 MDL uses begin/end markers for attribute values and spanners.
359 Rightfully the author concludes that MusiCopy must administrate a
360 "state" variable containing both properties and current spanning symbols.
362 MusiCopy attaches graphic information to the objects constructed in
363 the input: the elements of the input are partially complete graphic
367 @TechReport {hegazy87-breaking-tr,
368 annote = {This generalizes \TeX's breaking algorithm to music. It also
369 appeared in Document Manipulation and Typography, J.C. van Vliet (ed)
372 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
373 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
374 number = {OSU-CISRC-8/87-TR33},
375 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University,},
378 @InProceedings{hegazy88:_optim,
379 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
380 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
381 Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography. Nice (France)},
384 editor = {J. C. van Vliet},
385 publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
386 ISBN = {0-521-36294-6},
387 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
390 @TechReport {roush87,
391 note = {User manual of MusiCopy.},
393 title = {Using {MusiCopy}},
394 author = {Dean K. Roush},
395 number = {OSU-CISRC-18/87-TR31},
396 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
399 @TechReport {parrish87-simultaneities,
400 note = {This note discusses
401 placement of balls, stems, dots which occur at the same moment
404 title = {Computer Formatting of Musical Simultaneities,},
405 author = {A. Parrish and John S. Gourlay},
406 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
407 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR28},
411 note = {Overview of a procedure for generating slurs},
413 title = {Computer Design of Musical Slurs, Ties and Phrase Marks,},
415 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
416 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR32},
420 note = {This paper describes the MusiCopy musicsetting system and an input language to go with it.},
422 title = {A language for music printing},
423 author = {John. S. Gourlay},
424 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
430 @TechReport {sola87-beams,
431 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio
433 note = {Calculating beam slopes HWN},
435 title = {Design of Musical Beams,},
436 author = {F. Sola and D. Roush},
437 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR30},
441 note = {Don't ask Stephen for a copy. Write to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, or to the British Library, instead. SP},
443 title = {Computer Tools for Music Information Retrieval},
444 author = {Stephen Dowland Page},
445 school = {Dissertation University of Oxford},
449 % three part study by John Grøver
450 @TechReport{grover89-symbols,
451 author = {John Grøver},
452 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part I. The Symbol Inventory},
453 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
456 note = {The goal of this series of reports is a full description of
457 music formatting. As these largely depend on parameters of fonts, it
458 starts with a verbose description of music symbols.
460 The subject is treated backwards: from general rules of typesetting
461 the author tries to extract dimensions for characters, whereas the
462 rules of typesetting (in a particular font) follow from the dimensions
463 of the symbols. His symbols do not match (the stringent) constraints
464 formulated by eg. [wanske]},
467 @TechReport{grover89-twovoices,
468 author = {John Grøver},
469 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part II: Two Voice Sharing a Staff, Leger Line Rules, Dot Positioning},
470 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
473 note = {A lot rules for what is in the title are formulated. The
474 descriptions are long and verbose. The verbosity shows that
475 formulating specific rules is not the proper way to approach the
476 problem. Instead, the formulated rules should follow from more
477 general rules, similar to [parrish87-simultaneities]},
480 @TechReport{grover89-accidentals,
481 author = {John Grøver},
482 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part III: Accidental Positioning},
483 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
486 note = {Placement of accidentals crystallised in an enormous set of
487 rules. Same remarks as for [grover89-twovoices] applies},
490 @PhdThesis{mueller90:_inter_bearb_musik,
491 author = {Giovanni Müller},
492 title = {Interaktive Bearbeitung konventioneller Musiknotation},
493 school = {Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich},
495 note = {This is about engraver-quality typesetting with computers. It
496 accepts the axiom that notation is too difficult to generate
497 automatically. The result is that a notation program should be a
498 WYSIWYG editor that allows one to tweak everything.},
501 @MastersThesis{roelofs91,
502 note = {This dutch thesis describes a monophonic typesetting system,
503 and focuses on the breaking algorithm, which is taken from Hegazy &
506 title = {Een Geautomatiseerd Systeem voor het Afdrukken van Muziek},
507 author = {René Roelofs},
508 school= {Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam},
510 translation = {``An automated system for printing music'' Master's Thesis Managerial Computer Science.},
513 @Article {filgueiras93,
515 title = {Representation and manipulation of music documents in SceX},
516 author = {Miguel Filgueiras and José Paulo Leal},
517 journal = {Electronic Publishing},
519 number= {4}, pages = {507--518},
520 url= {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.1480},
524 note = {A paper on a simple TROFF preprocessor to typeset music.},
526 title = {Music --- A language for typesetting music scores},
527 author = {Eric Foxley},
528 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
534 @Article {Langston90,
535 note = {This paper deals with some command-line
536 tools for music editing and playback.},
538 title = {Unix music tools at Bellcore},
539 author = {Peter S. Langston},
540 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
548 title = {Implementing a Symbolic Music Processing System},
549 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
550 totalentry = {LIACC, Universidade do Porto, 1996; submitted},
554 title = {Some Music Typesetting Algorithms},
555 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
556 totalentry = {Miguel Filgueiras. ``Some Music Typesetting Algorithms''. LIACC, Universidade do Porto, forthcoming},
559 @Article {colorado-web,
560 author = {Alyssa Lamb},
561 note = {Webpages about engraving (designed with finale
562 users in mind) (sic) HWN},
563 institution = {The University of Colorado},
564 title = {The University of Colorado Music Engraving page.},
565 HTML= {http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/MU/Musicpress/},
569 @Article {tablature-web,
570 note = {FAQ (with answers) about TAB, the ASCII variant of Tablature. HWN},
571 title = {how to read and write tab: a guide to tab notation},
572 author = {Howard Wright},
573 email= {Howard.Wright@ed.ac.uk},
574 url= {http://www.guitartabs.cc/tabfaq.shtml},
578 note = {Specs for NIFF, a reasonably comprehensive but binary
579 format for notation HWN},
581 title = {NIFF6a Notation Interchange File Format},
582 author = {Cindy Grande},
583 publisher= {Grande Software Inc.},
584 HTML= {http://www.jtauber.com/music/encoding/niff/},
585 ftp = {ftp://blackbox.cartah.washington.edu}
589 author = {International Organization for Standardization (ISO)},
590 title = {Information Technology - Document Description and Processing Languages - Standard Music Description Language (SMDL)},
591 pdf = {ftp://ftp.ornl.gov/pub/sgml/wg8/smdl/10743.pdf},
592 number = {ISO/IEC DIS 10743},
594 annote = {SGML instance for describing music. Very comprehensive in music
595 definition, but no support for notation / performance whatsoever (They
596 basically say: "You can embed a NIFF or MIDI file")},
600 note = {Describes a system called MusicEase, and explains that it
601 uses "constraints" (which go unexplained) to automatically position
603 html = {http://mesastate.edu/~grader/ieeeme.pdf},
605 title = {Creating Printed Music Automatically},
606 author = {Gary M. Rader},
607 journal = {Computer},
614 @MastersThesis{gall97:_creat,
615 author = {Loïc Le Gall},
616 title = {Création d'une police adaptée à la notation musicale baroque},
617 school = {École Estienne},
621 @TechReport{droettboom00:_study_notat_descr_languag,
622 author = {Michael Droettboom},
623 title = {Study of music Notation Description Languages},
625 url = {http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/research/omr/levy/format.pdf},
626 note = {GUIDO and lilypond compared. LilyPond wins on practical
627 issues as usability and availability of tools, GUIDO wins on
628 implementation simplicity.},
631 @PhdThesis{gieseking01:_code_gener_noten,
632 author = {Martin Gieseking},
633 title = {Code-basierte Generierung interaktiver Notengraphik},
634 school = {Universität Osnabrück},
636 isbn = {ISBN 3-923486-30-8}
639 @Book{hewlett01:_virtual_score,
640 editor = {Walter B. Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
641 title = {The Virtual Score; representation, retrieval and restoration},
642 publisher = {MIT Press},
643 series = {Computing in Musicology},
647 @PhdThesis{renz02:_algor_guido,
649 title = {Algorithms and data structures for a music notation system based on GUIDO music notation},
650 school = {Universität Darmstadt},
654 @InBook{powell02:_music,
655 author = {Steven Powell},
656 title = {Music engraving today},
657 publisher = {Brichtmark},
659 note = {A "How Steven uses Finale" manual.}
662 @InProceedings{nienhuys03:_lilyp,
663 author = {Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen},
664 title = {LilyPond, a system for automated music engraving},
665 booktitle = {XIV Colloquium on Musical Informatics},