2 % title =The music notation with computer bibliography
3 % author =Han-Wen Nienhuys
6 @String{CitH = {Computing and the Humanities}}
7 @String{CMJ = {Computer Music Journal}}
11 title = {Editing and Printing Music by Computer},
12 author = {Leland Smith},
13 totalentry = {Journal of Music Theory},
16 note = {Gourlay [gourlay86] writes: A discussion of Smith's
17 music-printing system SCORE}
22 title = {A System for Music Printing by Computer},
23 author = {Donald Byrd},
24 journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
30 author = {R. F. Ericson},
31 title = {The DARMS Project: A status report},
32 journal = {Computing in the humanities},
37 note = {Gourlay [gourlay86] writes: A discussion of the design
38 and potential uses of the DARMS music-description language.}
44 title = {A Computer-Oriented System for Music Printing},
45 author = {David A. Gomberg},
46 school = {Washington University},
50 title = {A Computer-oriented System for Music Printing},
51 author = {David A. Gomberg},
57 note = {Gourlay [gourlay86] writes: "A discussion of the
58 problems of representing the conventions of musical notation in
59 computer algorithms."}
62 @TechReport{ornstein83,
63 author = {Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
64 title = {Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
65 institution = {Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
66 address = {3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304},
73 author = {Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
74 title = {Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
79 note = {A discussion of an interactive and graphical computer system
80 for music composition}
86 title = {Music Notation by Computer},
87 author = {Donald Byrd},
88 school = {Indiana University},
89 note = {Describes the SMUT (sic) system for automated music printout.}
92 @InProceedings{assayaag86,
93 author = {G. Assayaag and D. Timis},
94 title = {A Toolbox for music notation},
95 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference},
101 title = {Music Formatting Guidelines},
103 number = {OSU-CISRC-3/88-TR10},
104 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
105 note = {Rules on formatting music formulated for use in
106 computers. Mainly distilled from [Ross] HWN},
110 author = {Donald Byrd},
111 title = {Music Notation Software and Intelligence},
112 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
117 note = {Byrd (author of Nightingale) shows four problematic
118 fragments of notation, and rants about notation programs that try to
119 exhibit intelligent behaviour. HWN}
122 @Article{field-richards93,
123 author = {H.S. Field-Richards},
124 title = {Cadenza: A Music Description Language},
129 note = {A description through examples of a music entry language.
130 Apparently it has no formal semantics. There is also no
131 implementation of notation convertor. HWN}
135 author = {Herbert Bielawa},
136 title = {Review of Sibelius 7},
139 note = {A raving review/tutorial of Sibelius 7 for Acorn. (And did
140 they seriously program a RISC chip in ... assembler ?!) HWN}
144 author = {Donald Sloan},
145 title = {Aspects of Music Representation in HyTime/SMDL},
150 note = {An introduction into HyTime and its score description variant
151 SMDL. With a short example that is quite lengthy in SMDL}
155 author = {Geraint Wiggins and Eduardo Miranda and Alaaaan Smaill and Mitch Harris},
156 title = {A Framework for the evaluation of music representation systems},
161 note = {A categorisation of music representation systems (languages,
162 OO systems etc) split into high level and low level expressiveness.
163 The discussion of Charm and parallel processing for music
164 representation is rather vague. HWN}
167 @Article{dannenberg93,
168 author = {Roger B. Dannenberg},
169 title = {Music Representation: Issues, Techniques, and Systems},
174 url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.44.6067},
175 note = {This article points to some problems and solutions with music
176 representation. HWN},
179 @Article{rothstein93,
180 author = {Joseph Rothstein},
181 title = {Review of Passport Designs' Encore Music Notation Software},
187 author = {Alan Belkin},
188 title = {Macintosh Notation Software: Present and Future},
193 note = {Some music notation systems are analysed for ease of use,
194 MIDI handling. The article ends with a plea for a standard notation
198 @InProceedings{montel97,
199 author = {Dominique Montel},
200 title = {La gravure de la musique, lisibilité esthétique, respect de l'oevre},
201 booktitle = {Musique \& Notations},
204 editors = {Genevois \& Orlarey}
208 note = {Annual editions since 1985, many containing surveys of music typesetting technology. SP},
209 title = {Directory of Computer Assisted Research in Musicology},
210 author = {Walter B Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
211 totalentry = {Menlo Park, CA: Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities},
214 @Book{selfridge-field97,
215 title = {Beyond MIDI: the handbook of musical codes},
216 editor = {Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
217 publisher = {MIT Press},
219 note = {A description of various music interchange formats.}
222 @InProceedings{hoos98,
223 title = {The GUIDO Music Notation Format---A Novel Approach
224 for Adequately Representing Score-level Music},
225 author = {H. H. Hoos and K. A. Hamel and K. Renz and J. Kilian},
226 booktitle = {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference},
232 note = {This paper provides a overview of the algorithm used in LIME
233 for spacing individual lines. HWN},
235 title = {Justification of Printed Music},
236 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
237 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
246 title = {The Tilia Music Representation: Extensibility, Abstraction, and Notation Contexts for the Lime Music Editor},
247 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
248 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
255 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
256 title = {The Lime Music Editor: A Diagram Editor Involving Complex
258 journal = {Software Practice and Experience},
264 note = {A description of various conversions, decisions and issues
265 relating to this interactive editor HWN},
268 @InProceedings{haken95,
270 title = {A New Algorithm for Horizontal Spacing of Printed Music},
271 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
272 booktitle = {International Computer Music Conference},
276 note = {This describes an algorithm which uses springs between
280 @InProceedings{bouzaiene98,
281 author = {Nabil Bouzaiene and Loïc Le Gall and Emmanuel Saint-James},
282 title = {Une bibliothèque pour la notation musicale baroque},
283 booktitle = {EP '98},
286 note = {Describes ATYS, an extension to Berlioz, that can mimick
287 handwritten baroque style beams}
290 @InProceedings{balaban88,
291 author = {M. Balaban},
292 title = {A Music Workstation Based on Multiple Hierarchical Views of Music},
293 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 International Computer Music Conference},
295 address = {San Francisco},
296 organization = {International Computer Music Association}
302 @TechReport{gourlay87-spacing,
303 annote = {Algorithm for generating spacing in one line of (polyphonic) music, tailored for use with MusiCopy. LilyPond uses a variant of it.},
305 title = {Spacing a Line of Music,},
306 author = {John S. Gourlay},
307 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR35},
308 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
311 @TechReport{parish87,
312 annote = {A brief overview of MusiCopy},
314 title = {MusiCopy: An automated Music Formatting System},
315 author = {Allen Parish and Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay and Dean K. Roush and F. Javier Sola},
316 totalentry = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR29},
317 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
320 @TechReport{gourlay87-formatting,
321 note = {This paper discusses the development of algorithms for the
322 formatting of musical scores (from abstract). It also appeared at
323 PROTEXT III, Ireland 1986},
325 title = {Computer Formatting of Music},
326 author = {John S. Gourlay and A. Parrish
327 and D. Roush and F. Sola and Y. Tien},
328 number = {OSU-CISRC-2/87-TR3},
329 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science,
330 The Ohio State University},
333 @TechReport{hegazy87,
335 title = {On the Implementation of the MusiCopy Language Processor,},
336 author = {Wael A. Hegazy},
337 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR34},
338 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
339 note = {Describes the "parser" which converts MusiCopy MDL to
340 MusiCopy Simultaneities and columns.
342 MDL is short for Music Description Language [gourlay86]. It
343 accepts music descriptions that are organised into measures filled
344 with voices, which are filled with notes. The measures can be arranged
345 simultaneously or sequentially. To address the 2-dimensionality,
346 almost all constructs in MDL must be labeled.
348 MDL uses begin/end markers for attribute values and spanners.
349 Rightfully the author concludes that MusiCopy must administrate a
350 "state" variable containing both properties and current spanning symbols.
352 MusiCopy attaches graphic information to the objects constructed in
353 the input: the elements of the input are partially complete graphic
357 @TechReport{hegazy87-breaking-tr,
358 annote = {This generalizes \TeX's breaking algorithm to music. It also
359 appeared in Document Manipulation and Typography, J.C. van Vliet (ed)
362 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
363 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
364 number = {OSU-CISRC-8/87-TR33},
365 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University,},
368 @InProceedings{hegazy88,
369 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
370 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
371 Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography. Nice (France)},
374 editor = {J. C. van Vliet},
375 publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
376 ISBN = {0-521-36294-6},
377 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
381 note = {User manual of MusiCopy.},
383 title = {Using MusiCopy},
384 author = {Dean K. Roush},
385 number = {OSU-CISRC-18/87-TR31},
386 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
389 @TechReport{parrish87-simultaneities,
390 note = {This note discusses
391 placement of balls, stems, dots which occur at the same moment
394 title = {Computer Formatting of Musical Simultaneities,},
395 author = {A. Parrish and John S. Gourlay},
396 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
397 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR28},
401 note = {Overview of a procedure for generating slurs},
403 title = {Computer Design of Musical Slurs, Ties and Phrase Marks,},
405 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
406 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR32},
410 note = {This paper describes the MusiCopy musicsetting system and an input language to go with it.},
412 title = {A language for music printing},
413 author = {John. S. Gourlay},
414 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
420 @TechReport{sola87-beams,
421 institution= {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio
423 note = {Calculating beam slopes HWN},
425 title = {Design of Musical Beams,},
426 author = {F. Sola and D. Roush},
427 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR30},
431 note = {Don't ask Stephen for a copy. Write to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, or to the British Library, instead. SP},
433 title = {Computer Tools for Music Information Retrieval},
434 author = {Stephen Dowland Page},
435 school = {Dissertation University of Oxford},
439 % three part study by John Grøver
440 @TechReport{grover89-symbols,
441 author = {John Grøver},
442 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part I. The Symbol Inventory},
443 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
446 note = {The goal of this series of reports is a full description of
447 music formatting. As these largely depend on parameters of fonts, it
448 starts with a verbose description of music symbols.
450 The subject is treated backwards: from general rules of typesetting
451 the author tries to extract dimensions for characters, whereas the
452 rules of typesetting (in a particular font) follow from the dimensions
453 of the symbols. His symbols do not match (the stringent) constraints
454 formulated by eg. [wanske]},
457 @TechReport{grover89-twovoices,
458 author = {John Grøver},
459 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part II: Two Voice Sharing a Staff, Leger Line Rules, Dot Positioning},
460 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
463 note = {A lot rules for what is in the title are formulated. The
464 descriptions are long and verbose. The verbosity shows that
465 formulating specific rules is not the proper way to approach the
466 problem. Instead, the formulated rules should follow from more
467 general rules, similar to [parrish87-simultaneities]},
470 @TechReport{grover89-accidentals,
471 author = {John Grøver},
472 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part III: Accidental Positioning},
473 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
476 note = {Placement of accidentals crystallised in an enormous set of
477 rules. Same remarks as for [grover89-twovoices] applies},
480 @PhdThesis{mueller90,
481 author = {Giovanni Müller},
482 title = {Interaktive Bearbeitung konventioneller Musiknotation},
483 school = {Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich},
485 note = {This is about engraver-quality typesetting with computers. It
486 accepts the axiom that notation is too difficult to generate
487 automatically. The result is that a notation program should be a
488 WYSIWYG editor that allows one to tweak everything.},
491 @MastersThesis{roelofs91,
492 note = {This dutch thesis describes a monophonic typesetting system,
493 and focuses on the breaking algorithm, which is taken from Hegazy &
496 title = {Een Geautomatiseerd Systeem voor het Afdrukken van Muziek},
497 author = {René Roelofs},
498 school= {Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam},
500 translation = {``An automated system for printing music'' Master's Thesis Managerial Computer Science.},
503 @Article{filgueiras93,
505 title = {Representation and manipulation of music documents in SceX},
506 author = {Miguel Filgueiras and José Paulo Leal},
507 journal = {Electronic Publishing},
509 number= {4}, pages = {507--518},
510 url= {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.17.1480},
514 note = {A paper on a simple TROFF preprocessor to typeset music.},
516 title = {Music --- A language for typesetting music scores},
517 author = {Eric Foxley},
518 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
525 note = {This paper deals with some command-line
526 tools for music editing and playback.},
528 title = {Unix music tools at Bellcore},
529 author = {Peter S. Langston},
530 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
538 title = {Implementing a Symbolic Music Processing System},
539 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
540 totalentry = {LIACC, Universidade do Porto, 1996; submitted},
544 title = {Some Music Typesetting Algorithms},
545 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
546 totalentry = {Miguel Filgueiras. ``Some Music Typesetting Algorithms''. LIACC, Universidade do Porto, forthcoming},
549 @Article{colorado-web,
550 author = {Alyssa Lamb},
551 note = {Webpages about engraving (designed with finale
552 users in mind) (sic) HWN},
553 institution = {The University of Colorado},
554 title = {The University of Colorado Music Engraving page},
555 HTML= {http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/MU/Musicpress/},
559 @Article{tablature-web,
560 note = {FAQ (with answers) about TAB, the ASCII variant of Tablature. HWN},
561 title = {how to read and write tab: a guide to tab notation},
562 author = {Howard Wright},
563 email= {Howard.Wright@ed.ac.uk},
564 url= {http://www.guitartabs.cc/tabfaq.shtml},
568 note = {Specs for NIFF, a reasonably comprehensive but binary
569 format for notation HWN},
571 title = {NIFF6a Notation Interchange File Format},
572 author = {Cindy Grande},
573 publisher= {Grande Software Inc.},
574 HTML= {http://www.jtauber.com/music/encoding/niff/},
575 ftp = {ftp://blackbox.cartah.washington.edu}
579 author = {International Organization for Standardization (ISO)},
580 title = {Information Technology - Document Description and Processing Languages - Standard Music Description Language (SMDL)},
581 pdf = {ftp://ftp.ornl.gov/pub/sgml/wg8/smdl/10743.pdf},
582 number = {ISO/IEC DIS 10743},
584 annote = {SGML instance for describing music. Very comprehensive in music
585 definition, but no support for notation / performance whatsoever (They
586 basically say: "You can embed a NIFF or MIDI file")},
590 note = {Describes a system called MusicEase, and explains that it
591 uses "constraints" (which go unexplained) to automatically position
593 html = {http://mesastate.edu/~grader/ieeeme.pdf},
595 title = {Creating Printed Music Automatically},
596 author = {Gary M. Rader},
597 journal = {Computer},
604 @MastersThesis{gall97,
605 author = {Loïc Le Gall},
606 title = {Création d'une police adaptée à la notation musicale baroque},
607 school = {École Estienne},
611 @TechReport{droettboom00,
612 author = {Michael Droettboom},
613 title = {Study of music Notation Description Languages},
615 url = {http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/research/omr/levy/format.pdf},
616 note = {GUIDO and lilypond compared. LilyPond wins on practical
617 issues as usability and availability of tools, GUIDO wins on
618 implementation simplicity.},
621 @PhdThesis{gieseking01,
622 author = {Martin Gieseking},
623 title = {Code-basierte Generierung interaktiver Notengraphik},
624 school = {Universität Osnabrück},
626 isbn = {ISBN 3-923486-30-8}
630 editor = {Walter B. Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
631 title = {The Virtual Score; representation, retrieval and restoration},
632 publisher = {MIT Press},
633 series = {Computing in Musicology},
639 title = {Algorithms and data structures for a music notation system based on GUIDO music notation},
640 school = {Universität Darmstadt},
645 author = {Steven Powell},
646 title = {Music engraving today},
647 publisher = {Brichtmark},
649 note = {A "How Steven uses Finale" manual.}
652 @InProceedings{nienhuys03,
653 author = {Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen},
654 title = {LilyPond, a system for automated music engraving},
655 booktitle = {XIV Colloquium on Musical Informatics},