=item B<-syn>, B<--check-syntax>
+This flag is now ignored for safety, but the following documentation
+has been retained for reference.
+
This flag causes perltidy to run C<perl -c -T> to check syntax of input
and output. (To change the flags passed to perl, see the next
item, B<-pscf>). The results are written to the F<.LOG> file, which
add a B<-c> and B<-x> if appropriate. The F<.LOG> file will show
exactly what flags were passed to perl.
+=item B<-xs>, B<--extended-syntax>
+
+A problem with formatting Perl code is that some modules can introduce new
+syntax. This flag allows perltidy to handle certain common extensions
+to the standard syntax without complaint.
+
+For example, without this flag a structure such as the following would generate
+a syntax error and the braces would not be balanced:
+
+ method deposit( Num $amount) {
+ $self->balance( $self->balance + $amount );
+ }
+
+This flag is enabled by default but it can be deactivated with B<-nxs>.
+Probably the only reason to deactivate this flag is to generate more diagnostic
+messages when debugging a script.
+
+
=item B<-io>, B<--indent-only>
-This flag is used to deactivate all formatting and line break changes
+This flag is used to deactivate all whitespace and line break changes
within non-blank lines of code.
When it is in effect, the only change to the script will be
-to the indentation and blank lines.
+to the indentation and to the number of blank lines.
And any flags controlling whitespace and newlines will be ignored. You
might want to use this if you are perfectly happy with your whitespace
and line breaks, and merely want perltidy to handle the indentation.
If you also want to keep your existing blank lines exactly
as they are, you can add B<--freeze-blank-lines>.
+With this option perltidy is still free to modify the indenting (and
+outdenting) of code and comments as it normally would. If you also want to
+prevent long comment lines from being outdented, you can add either B<-noll> or
+B<-l=0>.
+
+Setting this flag will prevent perltidy from doing any special operations on
+closing side comments. You may still delete all side comments however when
+this flag is in effect.
+
+
+=item B<-enc=s>, B<--character-encoding=s>
+
+where B<s>=B<none> or B<utf8>. This flag tells perltidy the character encoding
+of both the input and output character streams. The value B<utf8> causes the
+stream to be read and written as UTF-8. The value B<none> causes the stream to
+be processed without special encoding assumptions. At present there is no
+automatic detection of character encoding (even if there is a C<'use utf8'>
+statement in your code) so this flag must be set for streams encoded in UTF-8.
+Incorrectly setting this parameter can cause data corruption, so please
+carefully check the output.
+
+The default is B<none>.
+
+The abbreviations B<-utf8> or B<-UTF8> are equivalent to B<-enc=utf8>.
+So to process a file named B<file.pl> which is encoded in UTF-8 you can use:
+
+ perltidy -utf8 file.pl
+
=item B<-ole=s>, B<--output-line-ending=s>
where s=C<win>, C<dos>, C<unix>, or C<mac>. This flag tells perltidy
normally be necessary, but was added for testing purposes, because in
some versions of perl, trimming C<qw> quotes changes the syntax tree.
+=item B<-sbq=n> or B<--space-backslash-quote=n>
+
+Lines like
+
+ $str1=\"string1";
+ $str2=\'string2';
+
+can confuse syntax highlighters unless a space is included between the backslash and the single or double quotation mark.
+
+This can be controlled with the value of B<n> as follows:
+
+ -sbq=0 means no space between the backslash and quote
+ -sbq=1 means follow the example of the source code
+ -sbq=2 means always put a space between the backslash and quote
+
+The default is B<-sbq=1>, meaning that a space will be used 0if there is one in the source code.
+
=item Trimming trailing whitespace from lines of POD
B<-trp> or B<--trim-pod> will remove trailing whitespace from lines of POD.
closing side comment will be placed just a single space to the right of
its closing brace.
-=item B<-cscl=string>, or B<--closing-side-comment-list-string>
+=item B<-cscl=string>, or B<--closing-side-comment-list>
where C<string> is a list of block types to be tagged with closing side
comments. By default, all code block types preceded by a keyword or
If B<n=1> is used, the results will be the same as B<n=2> whenever the
resulting line length is less than the maximum allowed.
+
=item B<-cscb>, or B<--closing-side-comments-balanced>
When using closing-side-comments, and the closing-side-comment-maximum-text
B<-nce> or B<--nocuddled-else>. Here is a comparison of the
alternatives:
+ # -ce
if ($task) {
yyy();
- } else { # -ce
+ } else {
zzz();
}
+ # -nce (default)
if ($task) {
yyy();
}
- else { # -nce (default)
+ else {
zzz();
}
+In this example the keyword B<else> is placed on the same line which begins with
+the preceding closing block brace and is followed by its own opening block brace
+on the same line. Other keywords and function names which are formatted with
+this "cuddled" style are B<elsif>, B<continue>, B<catch>, B<finally>.
+
+Other block types can be formatted by specifying their names on a
+separate parameter B<-cbl>, described in a later section.
+
+Cuddling between a pair of code blocks requires that the closing brace of the
+first block start a new line. If this block is entirely on one line in the
+input file, it is necessary to decide if it should be broken to allow cuddling.
+This decision is controlled by the flag B<-cbo=n> discussed below. The default
+and recommended value of B<-cbo=1> bases this decision on the first block in
+the chain. If it spans multiple lines then cuddling is made and continues
+along the chain, regardless of the sizes of subsequent blocks. Otherwise, short
+lines remain intact.
+
+So for example, the B<-ce> flag would not have any effect if the above snippet
+is rewritten as
+
+ if ($task) { yyy() }
+ else { zzz() }
+
+If the first block spans multiple lines, then cuddling can be done and will
+continue for the subsequent blocks in the chain, as illustrated in the previous
+snippet.
+
+If there are blank lines between cuddled blocks they will be eliminated. If
+there are comments after the closing brace where cuddling would occur then
+cuddling will be prevented. If this occurs, cuddling will restart later in the
+chain if possible.
+
+=item B<-cb>, B<--cuddled-blocks>
+
+This flag is equivalent to B<-ce>.
+
+
+=item B<-cbl>, B<--cuddled-block-list>
+
+The built-in default cuddled block types are B<else, elsif, continue, catch, finally>.
+
+Additional block types to which the B<-cuddled-blocks> style applies can be defined by
+this parameter. This parameter is a character string, giving a list of
+block types separated by commas or spaces. For example, to cuddle code blocks
+of type sort, map and grep, in addition to the default types, the string could
+be set to
+
+ -cbl="sort map grep"
+
+or equivalently
+
+ -cbl=sort,map,grep
+
+Note however that these particular block types are typically short so there might not be much
+opportunity for the cuddled format style.
+
+Using commas avoids the need to protect spaces with quotes.
+
+As a diagnostic check, the flag B<--dump-cuddled-block-list> or B<-dcbl> can be
+used to view the hash of values that are generated by this flag.
+
+Finally, note that the B<-cbl> flag by itself merely specifies which blocks are formatted
+with the cuddled format. It has no effect unless this formatting style is activated with
+B<-ce>.
+
+=item B<-cblx>, B<--cuddled-block-list-exclusive>
+
+When cuddled else formatting is selected with B<-ce>, setting this flag causes
+perltidy to ignore its built-in defaults and rely exclusively on the block types
+specified on the B<-cbl> flag described in the previous section. For example,
+to avoid using cuddled B<catch> and B<finally>, which among in the defaults, the
+following set of parameters could be used:
+
+ perltidy -ce -cbl='else elsif continue' -cblx
+
+
+=item B<-cbo=n>, B<--cuddled-break-option=n>
+
+Cuddled formatting is only possible between a pair of code blocks if the
+closing brace of the first block starts a new line. If a block is encountered
+which is entirely on a single line, and cuddled formatting is selected, it is
+necessary to make a decision as to whether or not to "break" the block, meaning
+to cause it to span multiple lines. This parameter controls that decision. The
+options are:
+
+ cbo=0 Never force a short block to break.
+ cbo=1 If the first of a pair of blocks is broken in the input file,
+ then break the second [DEFAULT].
+ cbo=2 Break open all blocks for maximal cuddled formatting.
+
+The default and recommended value is B<cbo=1>. With this value, if the starting
+block of a chain spans multiple lines, then a cascade of breaks will occur for
+remaining blocks causing the entire chain to be cuddled.
+
+The option B<cbo=0> can produce erratic cuddling if there are numerous one-line
+blocks.
+
+The option B<cbo=2> produces maximal cuddling but will not allow any short blocks.
+
+
=item B<-bl>, B<--opening-brace-on-new-line>
Use the flag B<-bl> to place the opening brace on a new line:
-ohbr or --opening-hash-brace-right
-osbr or --opening-square-bracket-right
-=item Vertical tightness of non-block curly braces, parentheses, and square brackets.
+=item B<-wn>, B<--weld-nested-containers>
+
+The B<-wn> flag causes closely nested pairs of opening and closing container
+symbols (curly braces, brackets, or parens) to be "welded" together, meaning
+that they are treated as if combined into a single unit, with the indentation
+of the innermost code reduced to be as if there were just a single container
+symbol.
+
+For example:
+
+ # default formatting
+ do {
+ {
+ next if $x == $y;
+ }
+ } until $x++ > $z;
+
+ # perltidy -wn
+ do { {
+ next if $x == $y;
+ } } until $x++ > $z;
+
+When this flag is set perltidy makes a preliminary pass through the file and
+identifies all nested pairs of containers. To qualify as a nested pair, the
+closing container symbols must be immediately adjacent. The opening symbols
+must either be adjacent, or, if the outer opening symbol is an opening
+paren, they may be separated by any single non-container symbol or something
+that looks like a function evaluation.
+
+Any container symbol may serve as both the inner container of one pair and as
+the outer container of an adjacent pair. Consequently, any number of adjacent
+opening or closing symbols may join together in weld. For example, here are
+three levels of wrapped function calls:
+
+ # default formatting
+ my (@date_time) = Localtime(
+ Date_to_Time(
+ Add_Delta_DHMS(
+ $year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second,
+ '0', $offset, '0', '0'
+ )
+ )
+ );
+
+ # perltidy -wn
+ my (@date_time) = Localtime( Date_to_Time( Add_Delta_DHMS(
+ $year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second,
+ '0', $offset, '0', '0'
+ ) ) );
+
+Notice how the indentation of the inner lines are reduced by two levels in this
+case. This example also shows the typical result of this formatting, namely it
+is a sandwich consisting of an initial opening layer, a central section of any
+complexity forming the "meat" of the sandwich, and a final closing layer. This
+predictable structure helps keep the compacted structure readable.
+
+The inner sandwich layer is required to be at least one line thick. If this
+cannot be achieved, welding does not occur. This constraint can cause
+formatting to take a couple of iterations to stabilize when it is first applied
+to a script. The B<-conv> flag can be used to insure that the final format is
+achieved in a single run.
+
+Here is an example illustrating a welded container within a welded containers:
+
+ # default formatting
+ $x->badd(
+ bmul(
+ $class->new(
+ abs(
+ $sx * int( $xr->numify() ) & $sy * int( $yr->numify() )
+ )
+ ),
+ $m
+ )
+ );
+
+ # perltidy -wn
+ $x->badd( bmul(
+ $class->new( abs(
+ $sx * int( $xr->numify() ) & $sy * int( $yr->numify() )
+ ) ),
+ $m
+ ) );
+
+This format option is quite general but there are some limitations.
+
+One limitiation is that any line length limit still applies and can cause long
+welded sections to be broken into multiple lines.
+
+Another limitation is that an opening symbol which delimits quoted text cannot
+be included in a welded pair. This is because quote delimiters are treated
+specially in perltidy.
+
+Finally, the stacking of containers defined by this flag have priority over
+any other container stacking flags. This is because any welding is done first.
+
+
+=item B<Vertical tightness> of non-block curly braces, parentheses, and square brackets.
These parameters control what shall be called vertical tightness. Here are the
main points:
=item B<-blbp=n>, B<--blank-lines-before-packages=n>
The parameter B<-blbp=n> requests that least B<n> blank lines precede a package
-which does not follow a comment. The default is <-blbp=1>.
+which does not follow a comment. The default is B<-blbp=1>.
This parameter interacts with the value B<k> of the parameter
B<--maximum-consecutive-blank-lines=k> (B<-mbl=k>) in the same way as described
certain block types (see previous section). The default is 8. Entering
a value of B<0> is equivalent to entering a very large number.
+=item B<-blao=i> or B<--blank-lines-after-opening-block=i>
+
+This control places a minimum of B<i> blank lines B<after> a line which B<ends>
+with an opening block brace of a specified type. By default, this only applies
+to the block of a named B<sub>, but this can be changed (see B<-blaol> below).
+The default is not to do this (B<i=0>).
+
+Please see the note below on using the B<-blao> and B<-blbc> options.
+
+=item B<-blbc=i> or B<--blank-lines-before-closing-block=i>
+
+This control places a minimum of B<i> blank lines B<before> a line which
+B<begins> with a closing block brace of a specified type. By default, this
+only applies to the block of a named B<sub>, but this can be changed (see
+B<-blbcl> below). The default is not to do this (B<i=0>).
+
+=item B<-blaol=s> or B<--blank-lines-after-opening-block-list=s>
+
+The parameter B<s> is a list of block type keywords to which the flag B<-blao>
+should apply. The section L<"Specifying Block Types"> explains how to list
+block types.
+
+=item B<-blbcl=s> or B<--blank-lines-before-closing-block-list=s>
+
+This parameter is a list of block type keywords to which the flag B<-blbc>
+should apply. The section L<"Specifying Block Types"> explains how to list
+block types.
+
+=item Note on using the B<-blao> and B<-blbc> options.
+
+These blank line controls introduce a certain minimum number of blank lines in
+the text, but the final number of blank lines may be greater, depending on
+values of the other blank line controls and the number of old blank lines. A
+consequence is that introducing blank lines with these and other controls
+cannot be exactly undone, so some experimentation with these controls is
+recommended before using them.
+
+For example, suppose that for some reason we decide to introduce one blank
+space at the beginning and ending of all blocks. We could do
+this using
+
+ perltidy -blao=2 -blbc=2 -blaol='*' -blbcl='*' filename
+
+Now suppose the script continues to be developed, but at some later date we
+decide we don't want these spaces after all. we might expect that running with
+the flags B<-blao=0> and B<-blbc=0> will undo them. However, by default
+perltidy retains single blank lines, so the blank lines remain.
+
+We can easily fix this by telling perltidy to ignore old blank lines by
+including the added parameter B<-kbl=0> and rerunning. Then the unwanted blank
+lines will be gone. However, this will cause all old blank lines to be
+ignored, perhaps even some that were added by hand to improve formatting. So
+please be cautious when using these parameters.
+
=item B<-mbl=n> B<--maximum-consecutive-blank-lines=n>
This parameter specifies the maximum number of consecutive blank lines which
=back
+=head2 Controlling Vertical Alignment
+
+Vertical alignment refers to lining up certain symbols in list of consecutive
+similar lines to improve readability. For example, the "fat commas" are
+aligned in the following statement:
+
+ $data = $pkg->new(
+ PeerAddr => join( ".", @port[ 0 .. 3 ] ),
+ PeerPort => $port[4] * 256 + $port[5],
+ Proto => 'tcp'
+ );
+
+The only explicit control on vertical alignment is to turn it off using
+B<-novalign>, a flag mainly intended for debugging. However, vertical
+alignment can be forced to stop and restart by selectively introducing blank
+lines. For example, a blank has been inserted in the following code
+to keep somewhat similar things aligned.
+
+ %option_range = (
+ 'format' => [ 'tidy', 'html', 'user' ],
+ 'output-line-ending' => [ 'dos', 'win', 'mac', 'unix' ],
+ 'character-encoding' => [ 'none', 'utf8' ],
+
+ 'block-brace-tightness' => [ 0, 2 ],
+ 'brace-tightness' => [ 0, 2 ],
+ 'paren-tightness' => [ 0, 2 ],
+ 'square-bracket-tightness' => [ 0, 2 ],
+ );
+
+
=head2 Other Controls
=over 4
}
where B<newword> is the abbreviation, and B<opt1>, etc, are existing parameters
-I<or other abbreviations>. The main syntax requirement is that
-the new abbreviation must begin on a new line.
+I<or other abbreviations>. The main syntax requirement is that the new
+abbreviation along with its opening curly brace must begin on a new line.
Space before and after the curly braces is optional.
For a
specific example, the following line
The following flags are available for debugging:
+B<--dump-cuddled-block-list> or B<-dcbl> will dump to standard output the
+internal hash of cuddled block types created by a B<-cuddled-block-list> input
+string.
+
B<--dump-defaults> or B<-ddf> will write the default option set to standard output and quit
B<--dump-profile> or B<-dpro> will write the name of the current
single process. It is on by default but can be deactivated for
testing with B<-nmem>.
+B<--no-timestamp> or B<-nts> will eliminate any time stamps in output files to prevent
+differences in dates from causing test installation scripts to fail. There are just
+a couple of places where timestamps normally occur. One is in the headers of
+html files, and another is when the B<-cscw> option is selected. The default is
+to allow timestamps (B<--timestamp> or B<-ts>).
+
+B<--file-size-order> or B<-fso> will cause files to be processed in order of
+increasing size, when multiple files are being processed. This is useful
+during program development, when large numbers of files with varying sizes are
+processed, because it can reduce virtual memory usage.
+
B<-DEBUG> will write a file with extension F<.DEBUG> for each input file
showing the tokenization of all lines of code.
An exception is a labeled block, which has no keyword, and should be specified
with just a colon. To specify all blocks use B<'*'>.
+The keyword B<sub> indicates a named sub. For anonymous subs, use the special
+keyword B<asub>.
+
For example, the following parameter specifies C<sub>, labels, C<BEGIN>, and
C<END> blocks:
=head1 VERSION
-This man page documents perltidy version 20130922.
-
-=head1 CREDITS
-
-Michael Cartmell supplied code for adaptation to VMS and helped with
-v-strings.
-
-Yves Orton supplied code for adaptation to the various versions
-of Windows.
-
-Axel Rose supplied a patch for MacPerl.
+This man page documents perltidy version 20181120
-Hugh S. Myers designed and implemented the initial Perl::Tidy module interface.
+=head1 BUG REPORTS
-Many others have supplied key ideas, suggestions, and bug reports;
-see the CHANGES file.
+A list of current bugs and issues can be found at the CPAN site L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Perl-Tidy>
-=head1 AUTHOR
+To report a new bug or problem, use the link on this page.
- Steve Hancock
- email: perltidy at users.sourceforge.net
- http://perltidy.sourceforge.net
+The source code repository is at L<https://github.com/perltidy/perltidy>.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright (c) 2000-2012 by Steve Hancock
+Copyright (c) 2000-2018 by Steve Hancock
=head1 LICENSE
projects / perltidy.git / blobdiff